Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-12-31
Abstract： The acceleration of the globalization and the occurrence of trade wars have caused people to be in an insecure state of ontology, that is, people’s ontological security is threatened. Ontological security refers to people’s confidence in the continuity of self-identity and the stability of the surrounding social and physical environment. In the marketing field, some scholars have explored how consumers cope with disruptions when their routine behaviors are disrupted. However, to date, few studies have explored the effects of ontological security threats on consumers’ brand attitudes and the underlying mechanisms. In the current study, we proposed that consumers would prefer their hometown brands when ontological security is threatened. Hometowns can provide people with a sense of security by providing routine daily life and building a personal group identity, thereby recovering their ontological security and increasing the preference for hometown brands. Thus, when people’s ontological security is threatened, they tend to increase their attachment to their hometowns. In addition, we proposed that individuals whose ontological security are threatened can be recovered from natural habitat exposure, and the differences in their hometown brand preferences would be reduced. One pretest and three formal experiments were conducted to test our hypotheses. In the pretest, we used two scenarios (i.e., economic and cultural globalization) as stimuli to examine whether the scenarios could manipulate the participants’ threat of ontological security. In Experiment 1, we tested the effect by which the threat of ontological security influences consumers’ preferences for hometown brands through a 2 (ontological security: threatened vs. not threatened) × 2 (brand: hometown vs. non-hometown) between-subject design. In Experiment 2, we examined the robustness of the effect found in Experiment 1 and tested the mediating role of hometown attachment through a 3 (threat type: ontological security threat vs. life security threat vs. control) × 2 (brand: hometown vs. non-hometown) between-subject design. In Experiment 3, we investigated the moderating role of the natural habitat exposure by a 2 (ontological security: threatened vs. not threatened) × 3 (exposure: natural habitat vs. non-habitat vs. non-nature) between-subject design. Results of the pretest and three experiments supported our predictions. Specifically, the results of the pretest showed that the scenarios we selected could successfully manipulate the participants’ threat of ontological security. Therefore, we used the scenarios in Experiments 1 and 3 for manipulations. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that when ontological security was threatened, consumers were inclined to choose their hometown brand (the willingness to visit the hometown tourist destination was higher). In Experiment 2, we found that the influence of the threat of ontological security on consumers’ preference for hometown brands was replicated in another product category (storage box). This effect was found to be mediated by hometown attachment. We also distinguished between ontological and life securities in Experiment 2. Finally, in Experiment 3, results showed that the influence of the threat of ontological security on consumers’ preference for hometown brands was moderated by natural habitat exposure. When ontological security is threatened, in comparison with non-habitat and non-nature exposure, natural habitat exposure helped people build emotional connections with nature, which could be utilized as a resource to cope with ontological security threats. Thus, people no longer need to seek a sense of security from home attachments. Therefore, no significant difference was observed in the preferences between hometown and non-hometown brands. This study provides some theoretical and practical contributions. First, this study enriches the literature on ontological security by exploring the relationship among ontological security, consumer brand preferences, and decision making. Second, this study expands the literature on brand preferences by focusing on the psychological factors that influence the preferences of hometown brands. Third, we indicate the mediating role of hometown attachment and the moderating role of natural habitat exposure. Moreover, our findings have important practical implications. When the target consumers are individuals whose ontological security is threatened (e.g., immigrants and the elderly), marketers can emphasize the hometown information of the brand, leading to a higher brand preference. Non-hometown brands can use natural habitat contextual cues (e.g., displaying natural habitat-related products and brand images in advertisements) to help consumers build a wider range of place attachments from contextual stimuli, thereby reducing their focus and dependence on hometown brands.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-12-30
Abstract： " Gender stereotype is the classic research topic in social psychology. Previous research focused on the “people” as the gender stereotypes’ research targets and achieved fruitful results. As the important obvious cues of gender, clothing reflects gender stereotypes and impacts impression formation subtly. Through three experiments, this study explored the context effect of clothing gender stereotype in view of perceivers and actors perspectively. The results showed that participants rated men in counter-gender stereotypical clothes as lower in both of warmth and competence. However, there was no significant difference between ratings in warmth of women in gender (counter-)stereotypical clothes and women in gender counter-stereotypical clothes were rated as higher in competence. From the view of perceivers, participants gave better evaluation to male targets who were consistent with gender stereotype no matter in warmth or competence needed condition. For female targets, participants rated those who were in gender stereotypical clothes as higher in warmth while those who were in gender counter-stereotypical clothes as higher in competence. Form the view of actors, male participants showed tendency to be in gender stereotypical clothes no matter in warmth or competence needed condition. Female participants were more likely to choose gender counter-stereotypical clothes in competence needed condition. What’s more, in competence needed condition, female participants who chose gender counter-stereotypical clothes rated themselves as higher in competence than warmth. In warmth needed condition, male participants who chose gender counter-stereotypical clothes rated themselves as higher in warmth than competence. Those results extended the traditional research whose targets were human into the area of clothing which as related with human. On one hand, this study contributes to the gendercounter- stereotypical behavior function model. On the other hand, it also has important implications for management of impression in area of interpersonal communication through choosing different for various conditions.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mathematics >> Numerical Analysis submitted time 2019-12-29
Abstract： This paper introduces the measure of approximate-degree and the concept of approximate-degree function between numerical values, thus developing a new interpolation method —— approximation-degree-based interpolation, i.e., AD interpolation. One-dimensional AD interpolation is done directly by using correlative interpolation formulas; n(n>1)-dimensional AD interpolation is firstly separated into n parallel one-dimensional AD interpolation computations to do respectively, and then got results are synthesized by Sum-Times-Difference formula into a value as the result value of the n-dimensional interpolation. If the parallel processing is used, the efficiency of n-dimensional AD interpolation is almost the same as that of the one-dimensional AD interpolation. Thus it starts a feasible and convenient approach and provides an effective method for high-dimensional interpolations. Furthermore, if AD interpolation is introduced into machine learning, a new instance-based learning method is expected to be realized. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2019-12-27
Abstract： " " " " " " "
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-12-26 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： SKA 科学数据处理产生的数据超出了所有已存在的分布式处理系统的处理能力，如何实现一个分布式执行框架是当前科学数据处理的一个重要研究内容。Spark 是非常成熟的一个商业框架，在互联网应用中被广泛应用，本文根据SKA项目进展要求，重点研究了如何将算法参考库(ARL)中的部分管线移植到Spark上执行。本文对部分实现过程进行了分析讨论，给出了相应的任务流程实现。最终结果表明，移植后代码生成结果符合预期，Spark能够满足部分数据分布式数据的要求，但迫切需要解决自身存在的一系列问题。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-12-25
Abstract： The slippery slope effect refers to the degree of the individuals’ immorality to increase gradually over time, namely, the immoral behavior is repetitive and progressive. It widely exists in the behaviors of the individuals and interpersonal interaction, which will affect the normal social interaction between individuals, and even hinder the harmonious development of society. The research methods of the slippery slope effect include experimenter manipulation and spontaneous deception. There are at least three psychological mechanisms: moral disengagement, implicit biases, and self-dehumanization. The ways to intervene in this effect are promoting preventive orientation motivation and shaping positive descriptive social norms. Future studies should further explore the scope of the slippery slope effect and its neural intervention from the perspective of psychological processes and physiological mechanisms. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-12-25
Abstract： " Team job crafting is critical for team effectiveness. Based on job design theory and team dynamic model, we develop a theoretical model about the antecedents and consequences of team job crafting, and aim to establish the nomological network of team job crafting. First, we clarify the conceptualization and measurement of team job crafting. We then propose a multilevel model that elucidates how factors such as leadership, job characteristics, team personality composition, and human resource management system influence team job crafting via team proactive motivation. Last, we explain the effect of team job crafting on team effectiveness and the underlying mechanisms
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2019-12-24
Abstract： Abstract: Children with behavioral inhibition are more likely to suffer from internalizing behavioral problems during mid-childhood and adolescence, and appear to be at higher developmental risk. Compared to children without behavioral inhibition, these children show more withdrawal motivation, longer anticipatory process and pre-attention process, less attention control, more attention bias to negative information, hyperactive error detection process and slower habituation process. These similar cognitive neurological processes are important links between behavioral inhibition and psychological disorders in children. It can be used as predictors to screen individuals with higher developmental risk. In addition to children's own characteristics, environmental factors can also influence children's developmental outcomes by shaping cognitive neurological processes. Therefore, in future studies, in order to identify protective factors for the children with behavioral inhibition from both temperamental factors and environmental factors, we may consider the differences of cognitive neurological processes between children's behavioral inhibition and psychopathology under different cultural conditions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2019-12-24
Abstract： Procedural motor learning includes sequence learning and random learning. Neuroimaging studies have shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and primary motor cortex (M1) play significant roles in procedural motor learning; however, the connectivity between the DLPFC and M1 and its relationship with different procedural motor learning are still unclear. In this study, the serial response time task (SRTT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used to explore the differences in left DLPFC-M1 connectivity between the different types of procedural motor learning. In experiment 1, dual-site paired-pulse TMS was used to detect the optimal interval from the DLPFC to the M1. In experiment 2, the participants were divided into two groups that underwent sequence learning or random learning. Behavioral data, motor evoked potentials from the M1 and electrophysiological data of DLPFC-M1 connectivity were assessed before and after learning. The behavioral results showed that the learning effect of the sequence learning group was better. The electrophysiological results showed that motor evoked potentials from the M1 were the same before and after learning in both groups. At the optimal interval and appropriate stimulation intensity, the DLPFC-M1 connectivity in the sequence learning group was changed, and it was related to learning performance; however that in the random learning group was not significantly changed. The results suggest that enhanced connectivity between the DLPFC and M1 may be an important explanation for the better performance in sequence learning. The results provide robust electrophysiological evidence for the role of DLPFC in motor learning. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2019-12-23
Abstract： " Interval timing refers to the time perception of hundreds of milliseconds to hours. It involves many activities in daily life and is influenced by many factors, such as arousal, attention and motivation. Pain is a multi-dimensional physiological and psychological phenomenon, including sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational and cognitive-evaluative components. Studies about interval timing in pain context comes from three aspects: (1) Time estimation of pain faces in healthy subjects; (2) Time perception of neutral stimuli in healthy subjects under experimental pain or pain expectation; (3) The change of interval timing in patients with clinical pain. Exploring the change of time perception in pain context may provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanism of pain occurrence and development. "
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2019-12-22 Cooperative journals: 《协和医学杂志》
Abstract：肠腔狭窄是一类常见的克罗恩病并发症 肠腔狭窄是一类常见的克罗恩病并发症 ，15 %的CD 患者在首诊十年内可 发展为肠腔狭窄。 CD并发肠腔狭窄 根据病理类型可分为炎症、纤维及混合 型， 炎症为主型的患者可通过 药物治疗缓解状，而纤维只能介入或者手术 治疗病变肠段。所以，影像学手全面评估狭窄的数目、部 位、 形态，并且区分肠壁炎症和纤维化程度对于临床决策十重要。 本文 将 综述 主要 影像学手段 包括 内镜、 CT、MRI 、经腹超声等 对肠腔狭窄的诊断敏感性 和特异性。近年来，多项影像学新技术在鉴别狭窄肠壁炎症及纤维化方面取得 了很大的进展， 有望在临床广泛应用进一步提高 CD并发肠腔狭窄 的诊疗
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2019-12-22 Cooperative journals: 《协和医学杂志》
Abstract：关节炎性疾病发率逐渐升高，对社会经济产生了巨大的负担其早期诊治有重要意义。声成像是近年发展迅速的一种新型光学影手段，其结合了显和超波接收转换优 点，可以同时对关节开展形态学、微血管及功能成像并通过外源性造影剂实现分子。 点，可以同时对关节开展形态学、微血管及功能成像并通过外源性造影剂实现分子。 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、与商 近十年来，较多研究团队开发了一系列光声成像仪器包括独立断层统、针对其在关节炎性疾病诊断中开展了动物和人体 超声仪器整合的多模态影像系统等，针对其在关节炎性疾病诊断中开展了动物和人体 实验，以及临床前期证明了光声技术在关节炎症诊断中的作用 实验，以及临床前期证明了光声技术在关节炎症诊断中的作用 实验，以及临床前期证明了光声技术在关节炎症诊断中的作用 实验，以及临床前期证明了光声技术在关节炎症诊断中的作用 ，其中配备手持光声探 其中配备手持光声探 其中配备手持光声探 其中配备手持光声探 其中配备手持光声探 头的一体化PA/US 系统易于临床转化，有较好的应用前景。 系统易于临床转化，有较好的应用前景。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-12-20
Abstract： This paper presents baseline results for the Third Facial Micro-Expression Grand Challenge (MEGC 2020). Both macro- and micro-expression intervals in CAS(ME)^2 and SAMM Long Videos are spotted by employing the method of Main Directional Maximal Difference Analysis (MDMD). The MDMD method uses the magnitude maximal difference in the main direction of optical flow features to spot facial movements. The single frame prediction results of the original MDMD method are post processed into reasonable video intervals. The metric F1-scores of baseline results are evaluated: for CAS(ME)^2, the F1-scores are 0.1196 and 0.0082 for macro- and micro-expressions respectively, and the overall F1-score is 0.0376; for SAMM Long Videos, the F1-scores are 0.0629 and 0.0364 for macro- and micro-expressions respectively, and the overall F1-score is 0.0445. The baseline project codes is publicly available at https://github.com/HeyingGithub/Baseline-project-for-MEGC2020_spotting.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：太阳活动区是各类太阳活动的主要能量来源，剧烈的太阳活动会直接影响人类的生存环境，因此准确地检测与跟踪太阳活动区对监控和预报空间天气非常重要。本文基于深度学习框架的YOLOv3-spp和DeepSort提出了一种太阳活动区检测和跟踪方法(Active Regions Detection and Tracking Method, ARDTM)，该方法较好地解决了传统图像处理方法易将一个太阳活动区误检测为多个，或者多个太阳活动区误检测为一个活动区的问题；及时捕获到新产生的太阳活动区和终止跟踪消失的太阳活动区，有效地提高了太阳活动区的跟踪准确率。实验结果表明该方法可以较好地检测和跟踪不同望远镜、不同时间间隔序列图像中的太阳活动区。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：本文的目的研究磁衰减对具有两成分模型的脉冲星自转减速的作用。利用分析方法研究了两成分模型的脉冲星在磁衰减制动力矩作用下两成分的自转角速度随时间变化。给出了具有磁衰减两成分模型的耦合方程组和其解。利用分析解对具有两成分的蟹状星云脉冲星（PSR0531+21，Crab）和船帆座脉冲星（PSR0833-45，Vela）在磁衰减作用下做了数值计算。数值结果表明：两个脉冲星的自转角速度逐年减慢每年为 Crab减速为 ，而Vela减速为 。最后讨论了文中所得到的结果并给出在两成分模型中磁衰减存在的结论。
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2019-12-20
Abstract： [Background] Based on counting frequency of specially selected words, LIWC (known as Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count) is a useful tool to analyze expressions of writings or other texts created by individuals or group, for purpose of figuring out the psychological meanings inside the texts. In ancient China, the classical style of writing has a striking difference with modern times. In order to analyze the psychological meanings of classical Chinese text, we construct a Classical Chinese version of LIWC dictionary (known as CC-LIWC), based on the 2015 edition of Simplified Chinese LIWC (known as SC-LIWC). [Objective] In this paper, we show the constructing process of CC-LIWC and give an example of how to use the dictionary to analyze classical Chinese text. [Methods] First, we obtain all the words (including modern Chinese and Classical Chinese words) and their corresponding explanations from the online Chinese dictionary and keep the classical Chinese words with their modern translation; second, we search SC-LIWC words in the explanations. In this way, SC-LIWC words are mapping with the classical Chinese words; finally, we invite ancient Chinese based professionals to check the mapping results manually to ensure the consistency and accuracy of the results. [Results] The final dictionary includes 81 categories and 49136 classical Chinese entries. [Limitations] In classical Chinese context, polysemy or diversity of a word is very common, which affects the classification of words in the dictionary. [Conclusion] we use CC-LIWC to analyze The Analects(excerpts) and The Isolated Indignation. The result shows the difference between the moderation of Confucian and the dialectical thinking of Legalist. Therefore, CC-LIWC dictionary can distinguish the expression tendency of text efficiently.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-12-19
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-12-15
Abstract： Many previous studies have explored the relationship between retrieval interference and explicit memory by comparing memory performance in the divided-attention condition with that in the full-attention condition. However, relatively few studies have discussed the effect of target detection on explicit memory during retrieval in dual-task situations by comparing a target detection condition, in which participants carry out a recognition task and press the spacebar simultaneously when a target appears, with a distractor rejection condition, in which participants perform the same recognition task and do not respond when they see a distractor. Because the detection of a target requires more attention than the rejection of a distractor, an interesting question remains as to whether target detection and distractor rejection have different influences on recognition memory? Sixty undergraduate students (30 students in experiment 1 and 30 students in experiment 2) participated in this study. A study-test(encoding/recognition)paradigm was adopted, and the participants were required to perform a shallow/deep encoding task with two-character Chinese words as stimuli. They were then asked to conduct a target detection task and an old/new recognition task simultaneously in the retrieval phase. For the target detection task, in experiment 1, the participants were instructed to press the spacebar(overt detection); in experiment 2, the participants were instructed to perform a counting operation(covert detection) when they detected the target(a “+”) rather than the distractor(a “-”). The participants were told that the recognition task and the target detection task were equally important. They were asked to perform both tasks as quickly and as accurately as possible. The reaction time(RT) and accuracy data in the retrieval phase were recorded and analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that in experiment 1 (the keypress response task) and experiment 2(the counting response task), regardless of the kind of processing was required(i.e., shallow or deep processing), the reaction times for the old words were significantly shorter in the target condition than in the distractor condition, and the accuracy scores for recognizing the old words were significantly higher in the target condition than in the distractor condition, indicating that explicit memory retrieval was regulated by the participants’ available attention resources. However, for the new words, we found exactly the opposite phenomenon: the reaction times were significantly longer in the target condition than in the distractor condition, and the accuracy scores were also significantly lower in the target condition than in the distractor condition. More importantly, we calculated the sensitivity index(d′) and decision criterion(C) established by signal detection theory. The participants’ sensitivity indexes showed no significant variations between the target condition and the distractor condition, but the mean values of the decision criteria decreased in the target condition when compared to those in the distractor condition. The results revealed that detecting a target in the explicit memory retrieval phase did not boost the retrieval of words but decrease participants’ decision criteria. Participants responded in a more liberal way in the target condition than in the distractor condition, and the effects of target detection on explicit memory retrieval may not be affected by the depth of processing and different reaction modes. Thus, explicit memory retrieval was also modulated by the available attention resources and, therefore, was not wholly automatic. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-12-13
Abstract： Languages may differ in terms of the proximate units of phonological encoding in spoken word production. It is widely accepted that phonemes are the primary units used in Indo-European languages. However, it is controversial what the functional units (syllables or phonemes) are in Chinese spoken word production. In the framework of proximate unit principle hypothesis for Mandarin Chinese spoken word production, phonological content is activated in a syllable while its syllabic frame is retrieved. Both syllabic content and frame are linked sequentially and tone is also specified at this point. Crucially, syllables are retrieved at an early stage of word form encoding, and then the phonemes of the syllable are retrieved in parallel and linked to their position in the syllable frame. The present study investigated the temporal courses of syllables and phonemes in word production using an implicit priming paradigm, and electrophysiological signals were measured concurrently. Specifically, participants were young native Chinese speakers with low level of English ability for excluding the influence of the second language. In an implicit priming paradigm, four sets of word pairs served as experimental stimuli. Each set consisted of four pairs, and the first word of a pair was the cue word, while the second was the response word. In the homogeneous conditions, four response words in a set shared certain phonological properties. For instance, the four response words in a set were危机(/wei1ji1/, crisis), 围墙 (/wei2qiang2/, bounding wall), 尾巴 (/wei3ba/, tail), and 卫星(/wei4xing1/, satellite), which share the first syllable but not tone. The heterogeneous conditions used the same word pairs, but assigned them to sets in which they didn’t share any properties. Two homogeneous conditions (syllable shared and initial phoneme shared) were used in the study. Participants were asked to memorize the sets of four pairs of associate words, after which they were presented with the cue words, and were required to produce the response words. Behavioral results didn’t show any syllable or phoneme effects. EEG results revealed that syllable overlap conditions elicited significant effects in the time window of 100~400 ms, and the effect firstly showed up in the left and right anterior regions, following in the middle anterior region, and finally in the left and right anterior regions, right and middle posterior regions. While the phoneme effects only appeared between 500~600 ms after the cue words were presented, and were distributed in the right anterior and posterior regions. Both the syllabically and phonemically homogeneous conditions were characterized by more positive ERP waveforms when compared to the heterogeneous conditions. We suggested that syllable overlap effect arises at the early stage of phonological encoding, whereas the phoneme overlap effect possibly arises at the later stage of phonological encoding, or phonetic encoding in Chinese spoken word production. Our findings provide support for the assumption of the proximate unit principle. "
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-12-12
Abstract： To achieve organizational goals, Internet companies often stimulate continuous innovation of employees by cultivating a happy and joyful work environment. However, the link between playful climate and employees’ innovative behaviors is still underdeveloped, primarily focusing on theoretical analyses and lacking empirical support. Building on the prior findings of playfulness in the field of organizational management, the present study explores three important issues. Based on the theory of organizational climate and the characteristics of playfulness, study 1 develops a scale to measure team playful climate in Chinese Internet firms. Standing on the team level study 2 discusses the cross-level mechanisms underlying the relationship between playful work environment and employees’ innovation from the perspective of Conservation of Resources Theory. Based on the Componential Theory of Individual Creativity, study 3 introduces individual thinking styles and multiple identities to explore the boundary conditions that stimulate employees’ innovative behaviors. Our findings have developed the concept of team playful climate in Chinese Internet companies, enhanced playful climate theory. And the implications for practice in the context of Internet companies are discussed.
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