Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：新媒体技术突飞猛进,大众获取信息的媒介与方式发生巨大变化,出版业受到极大影响,传统广告营销策略收效甚微。基于此,出版业应把握时代变化,依托新理念,运用新方法,掌握新技术,运用新媒体,形成企业与读者之间的多渠道沟通方式和路径。围绕新媒体技术影响下的出版营销思路,从社群、场景、搜索营销等三个方面进行相关问题的探索和分析,以为出版行业提供发展与营销的新思路。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《知识管理论坛》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Mobile reading has become a new trend of national reading, while the willingness of users to pay for reading is generally not high. In order to promote the long-term healthy development of the mobile reading industry and improve users’ willingness to pay, it is necessary to study the factors that affect users’ willingness to pay. [Method/process] Based on the theory of VAM, this paper drew lessons from flow theory, perceived trust theory and perceived risk theory, combined with the characteristics of mobile reading, added social impact variables and user copyright awareness variables, then this paper used questionnaire survey to understand users’ willingness to pay for mobile reading, and the collected data were analyzed to find out the main factors that influence the mobile reading users’ payment. [Result/conclusion] The research conclusions of this paper are as follows: perceived interest and perceived usefulness have a positive impact on perceived value, while perceived cost has a negative impact on perceived value, thus influencing users’ willingness to pay. Perceived value is the main factor influencing users’ willingness to pay, and perceived usefulness, perceived risk, social influence and copyright awareness all have a direct impact on users’ willingness to pay for mobile reading.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Existing methods of extracting keywords can't be applied to the social Q&A community effectively, because they are not suitable for the characteristics of the social Q&A community which embodies short texts, colloquial contents and sparse data. They rarely think about the impact of users' attention on words. In view of the aforementioned problem, this paper presents a novel keywords extraction method based on multi-attributes weighted for the social Q&A community. [Method/process] This method improved the traditional TF-IDF algorithm by introducing the tuning function and the part of speech. Besides, it calculated the weight of words based on a linear weighting formula, which fused four attributes of user focus by dealing with numbers of users' answer, attention, browse, and comments. [Result/conclusion] Experiments show that this method can extract keywords from the social Q&A community more effectively.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Loneliness has become an increasingly common social phenomenon that is widespread at all ages and has an impact on people's daily lives in modern societies. Loneliness is a painful emotional experience that individuals subjectively perceive when the quality of intimate or social relationships does not meet ideal expectations or when they cannot satisfy their need to belong. Recent research findings regarding the impact of loneliness on consumption behavior have contributed greatly to the field of consumer behavior. However, the results of existing research are inconsistent and it is still unclear how loneliness affects consumption behavior. As a consequence, the field of consumer behavior is rather constrained in terms of research development and marketing strategy. In light of the importance of loneliness in the field of consumer behavior, this article systematically reviews the research findings of the influence of loneliness on consumption behavior in order to solve the above problems. First of all, this article summarizes and generalizes the widely used manipulation methods (including the feedback-evoked method, recall-evoked method, imagination-evoked method, and cue-evoked method) and measurement tools (i.e., the UCLA loneliness scale) for loneliness. Secondly, this article summarizes the effects of loneliness on consumption behavior from four aspects, including compensatory consumption behavior, avoidance consumption behavior, irrational consumption behavior, and uniqueness consumption behavior, respectively. Thirdly, this article analyzes and sorts out the triggering mechanisms and situational factors of loneliness-induced consumption behaviors, respectively. According to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness, this article contends that, the psychological needs (e.g., seeking social connection, restoring a sense of control, and seeking a sense of meaning in life) activated by transiently lonely consumers, who are influenced by the approach motive for restoring self-difference, will induce compensatory consumption behaviors. The social avoidance tendency activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the short term, will induce avoidance consumption behaviors. At the same time, constant vigilance for social threats and the negative emotions it produces (e.g., anxiety) due to social avoidance may deplete lonely consumers’ self-regulatory resources, which will induce irrational consumption behaviors. The need for uniqueness activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the long term, will induce uniqueness consumption behavior. In addition, loneliness motivates consumers to induce these above consumption behaviors will be influenced by factors such as consumers' intimacy status, marketing strategies, product attributes, and consumption contexts. Finally, the article explains the influence mechanisms of loneliness on various types of consumption behaviors based on different perspectives such as social surrogacy theory, sense of control theory, compensatory consumption behavior theory, self-regulation theory, and personality trait theory. Although many valuable results have been obtained from existing research on the effects of loneliness on consumer behavior, there are still some key issues that need to be addressed by future research. This article proposes that future research shall pay more attention to the impact of loneliness on altruistic consumption behavior (e.g., examining the effects of loneliness on pro-social consumption behavior or sustainable consumption behavior), the differential effects of type and degree of loneliness on consumption behavior (e.g., examining the differential effects of transient and chronic loneliness on consumption behavior), the potential moderators of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., exploring the boundary variables of loneliness-induced consumption behavior in terms of consumers' physiological activities, personality traits, and social characteristics), the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., attempting to explore the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior from the cognitive-emotional dual processing path), as well as the reverse impact of consumption behavior on loneliness (e.g., clarifying the differential effects of consumption behavior on individual loneliness in the short and long term).
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Loneliness has become an increasingly common social phenomenon that is widespread at all ages and has an impact on people's daily lives in modern societies. Loneliness is a painful emotional experience that individuals subjectively perceive when the quality of intimate or social relationships does not meet ideal expectations or when they cannot satisfy their need to belong. Recent research findings regarding the impact of loneliness on consumption behavior have contributed greatly to the field of consumer behavior. However, the results of existing research are inconsistent and it is still unclear how loneliness affects consumption behavior. As a consequence, the field of consumer behavior is rather constrained in terms of research development and marketing strategy. In light of the importance of loneliness in the field of consumer behavior, this article systematically reviews the research findings of the influence of loneliness on consumption behavior in order to solve the above problems. First of all, this article summarizes and generalizes the widely used manipulation methods (including the feedback-evoked method, recall-evoked method, imagination-evoked method, and cue-evoked method) and measurement tools (i.e., the UCLA loneliness scale) for loneliness. Secondly, this article summarizes the effects of loneliness on consumption behavior from four aspects, including compensatory consumption behavior, avoidance consumption behavior, irrational consumption behavior, and uniqueness consumption behavior, respectively. Thirdly, this article analyzes and sorts out the triggering mechanisms and situational factors of loneliness-induced consumption behaviors, respectively. According to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness, this article contends that, the psychological needs (e.g., seeking social connection, restoring a sense of control, and seeking a sense of meaning in life) activated by transiently lonely consumers, who are influenced by the approach motive for restoring self-difference, will induce compensatory consumption behaviors. The social avoidance tendency activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the short term, will induce avoidance consumption behaviors. At the same time, constant vigilance for social threats and the negative emotions it produces (e.g., anxiety) due to social avoidance may deplete lonely consumers’ self-regulatory resources, which will induce irrational consumption behaviors. The need for uniqueness activated by chronically lonely consumers, who are influenced by the avoidance motive for self-preservation in the long term, will induce uniqueness consumption behavior. In addition, loneliness motivates consumers to induce these above consumption behaviors will be influenced by factors such as consumers' intimacy status, marketing strategies, product attributes, and consumption contexts. Finally, the article explains the influence mechanisms of loneliness on various types of consumption behaviors based on different perspectives such as social surrogacy theory, sense of control theory, compensatory consumption behavior theory, self-regulation theory, and personality trait theory. Although many valuable results have been obtained from existing research on the effects of loneliness on consumer behavior, there are still some key issues that need to be addressed by future research. This article proposes that future research shall pay more attention to the impact of loneliness on altruistic consumption behavior (e.g., examining the effects of loneliness on pro-social consumption behavior or sustainable consumption behavior), the differential effects of type and degree of loneliness on consumption behavior (e.g., examining the differential effects of transient and chronic loneliness on consumption behavior), the potential moderators of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., exploring the boundary variables of loneliness-induced consumption behavior in terms of consumers' physiological activities, personality traits, and social characteristics), the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior (e.g., attempting to explore the internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior from the cognitive-emotional dual processing path), as well as the reverse impact of consumption behavior on loneliness (e.g., clarifying the differential effects of consumption behavior on individual loneliness in the short and long term).
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2022-12-09
Abstract：
Loneliness has become an increasingly common social phenomenon. Recent research findings regarding the impact of loneliness on consumption behavior have contributed greatly to the field of consumer behavior. Loneliness is likely to induce such consumption behaviors as compensatory consumption, avoidance consumption, irrational consumption, as well as uniqueness consumption. Moreover, consumers' intimacy status, marketing strategies, product attributes, and consumption contexts are found to be important moderators. Researchers have employed varied perspectives to explain loneliness-induced consumption behavior, including social surrogacy theory, sense of control theory, compensatory consumption behavior theory, self-regulation theory, and personality trait theory. Future research shall pay more attention to the impact of loneliness on altruistic consumption, the effects of type and degree of loneliness on consumption behavior, the potential moderators and internal mechanisms of loneliness-induced consumption behavior, as well as the reverse impact of consumption behavior on loneliness.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-11-05 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的/意义]URL引用是链接分析发展遇阻后，网络计量学中一种新的研究方法。研究智库网站之间的URL互引关系可以了解智库之间在网络上的亲疏关系，探讨不同智库网站的角色与地位。[方法/过程] 借用Webometric Analyst 2.0获取全球45个智库网站的互引数据，将其与智库排名进行相关性分析，验证数据的可靠性；并构建45个智库网站间的URL互引网络，运用社会网络分析法对其进行分析，旨在揭示URL互引网络的主要特征，探究45个智库之间网络信息的交流情况。[结果/结论] 研究表明，我国三所智库与其他智库网络交流较少，效率较低。最后，为我国智库网站的建设提出建议。
Subjects: Other Disciplines Subjects: Other Disciplines Subjects: Other Disciplines submitted time 2023-11-07
Abstract： Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of dialectical drinking water combined with moxibustion and rhubarb application on Shenque acupoint on qi deficiency constipation.Method A total of 180 patients with Qi deficiency constipation who visited the outpatient department of our hospital from March 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into three groups: A, B, and C, with 60 patients in each group. Group A: unlimited drinking water, Group B: Maoshi drinking 300ml of warm boiled water, Group C: Maoshi drinking 300ml of Huangqi water. All three groups of patients were treated with 4 courses of moxibustion and rhubarb application at Shenque point. Observe, record, and compare the defecation time, stool characteristics, frequency, quantity, and general condition of the three groups of patients.Results Comparison of treatment effects: Group B was superior to Group A, Group C was superior to Group B. The treatment effects of the three groups were C>B>A, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of dialectical drinking water, moxibustion, and rhubarb application on Shenque acupoint has a good therapeutic effect on qi deficiency constipation, and has the advantages of regulating the intestines and stomach, strengthening the body, non-invasive, and adverse experience, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Employing the uses and gratifications framework and using a mixed method, this study conducted a systematic review on user behavior of social networking service (SNS), aiming to provide a reference for related research in China. [Method/process] Following two-stage review methods by Webster and Watson, this study got 54 empirical studies. Furthermore, this study analyzed these articles and mainly focused on research topics, theoretical background, dependent and independent variables as well as the findings. [Result/conclusion] Results show that, researchers integrate multiple theories to develop research models to reveal SNS user behavior; in addition, factors related to cognitive needs, personal integrative needs and social integrative needs are the most explored to explain various SNS user behavior; moreover, factors related to affective needs and tension-release needs has attracted increasingly attention. Future studies could focus on the following research areas:the effects of different gratifications on SNS user behavior, SNS user behavior of different user types, and user behavior of SNS addiction.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： As sacrificial anode material for 17-4PH stainless steel, the cathodic protection performance of two Fe-based alloys 20CrMo and 40CrMo was evaluated by means of galvanostatic test and self- discharge test. Then the surface morphology of 17- 4PH cathodes was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Experimental result indicates that both the 20CrMo and 40CrMo anodes had a driving voltage around 500 mV. The 20CrMo sacrificial anode presented much stable and negative working potential and uniform corrosion rather than 40CrMo sacrificial anode. The 17-4PH cathode protected by 20CrMo had less rust product on its surface. In other word, the 20CrMo sacrificial anode has a better protective effect on 17-4PH stainless steel.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2021-09-29 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：卫星对地观测及导航定位的快速发展对地球同步轨道（Geostationary Earth Orbit, GEO）卫星的定轨精度有了米级甚至更高的需求。本文研究利用甚长基线干涉（Very Long Baseline Interferometry, VLBI）时延数据进行GEO卫星快速定位的方法。首先对VLBI时延进行理论精度分析，然后利用中国VLBI网进行GEO卫星观测试验及数据相关处理，最后利用短时VLBI时延数据完成对GEO卫星的定位计算。针对时延中存在与测站和基线相关的异常值问题，本文提出了相应的检测校正方法。数据经校正后重新处理，得VLBI残余时延测量精度约0.16ns，等效于约0.58米的卫星横向位置误差。本文的研究可用于GEO卫星的快速高精度定位及轨道快速恢复。
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-12-13 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：在免疫分析和生物芯片中，抗原-抗体特异性结合被广泛应用,其中抗体的固定化是研发高效诊断和分离工具的关键环节.生物分子工程、材料化学与交联剂化学的进步极大地促进了抗体固定化技术的发展. 抗体可以通过物理吸附、共价偶联和亲和相互作用固定到不同类型的固相表面. 抗体固定化的目标是以一种正确的空间取向将抗体固定到固相表面，在完全保留抗体构象和活性的同时最大化抗原的结合能力，这对固相化抗体的分析性能至关重要. 本文对固定抗体到固相载体表面的各种最新方法进行了阐述，包括物理吸附法，通过羧基、氨基、巯基、糖基和点击化学的共价结合法以及基于生物亲和作用的固定法，并对固定化抗体的表征方法进行了归纳，最后对抗体固定化方法的发展方向进行了展望.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract：本文采用两种铁基牺牲阳极材料(20CrMo和40CrMo)对17-4PH不锈钢进行阴极保护，通过恒电流实验和自放电实验评估这两种牺牲阳极的保护效果，并用SEM和EDS分析17-4PH阴极实验后的表面形态和元素成分。实验结果表明：两种牺牲阳极对17-4PH不锈钢均有500mV左右的驱动电位。20CrMo牺牲阳极具有比40CrMo更负的工作电位、更大的电流效率，20CrMo牺牲阳极表面均匀腐蚀。经过20CrMo阳极保护的17-4PH阴极表面形成的氧化产物含量更少。20CrMo对17-4PH不锈钢的保护效果更好。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-09-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes is increasing in China. General practitioners play an important role in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Chronic kidney disease（CKD） is a common co-existing disease in patients with diabetes. However，at present，there is little research evidence on type 2 diabetes combined with CKD in primary care in China. Objective To investigate the obstructive factors in the monitoring and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with CKD from the perspective of general practitioners. Methods From May to July 2022，a one-to#2;half structured interview was conducted with snowball sampling among general practitioners in an urban area of Beijing，and the interview outline was formulated based on the theoretical domains framework（TDF）. NVivo 11 software was used to encode and classify the interview contents. Subject frame analysis method was used to sort out and analyze the data，and extract the theme. Results 13 general practitioners were interviewed in this study，and the years of working in general practice ranged from 8to 22 years. The study identified barriers related to six domains in TDF，namely knowledge/skills，beliefs about outcomes，motivation and goals，medical background，resources and norms of conduct. After refining again，the themes were lack of systematic knowledge and skills related to CKD，imperfect incentive mechanism of primary medical staff，lack of smooth referral process between primary medical institutions and higher hospitals，poor self-management ability of patients and other obstacles. Conclusion There are many factors preventing general practitioners from monitoring and managing patients with type 2 diabetes complicated with CKD in the community. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge and skills training of general practitioners with diabetes mellitus complicated with CKD，improve the ability of general practitioners to monitor and manage CKD，improve the incentive mechanism of primary medical institutions and establish an effective referral process with superior hospitals，strengthen the health education of patients，improve the self-management ability of patients，and enhance the prevention and treatment ability of primary medical institutions with type 2 diabetes complicated with CKD.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： One of the most imperative issues in developmental research on social cognition is whether young children selectively trust informants' testimonies and revise their beliefs based on those testimonies. Previous research has shown that both the nature of the information and the traits of informants affect young children's selective trust and belief revision. However, the role that contradictory information may play in young children's selective trust and belief revision has yet to be examined. The present study examined Chinese preschoolers' selective trust and belief revision in situations in which their beliefs were contradicted by information provided by a familiar informant (the mother).The present study adopted the conflicting sources paradigm. Testimonies about hybrid pictures with different perceptual cues (the 50%-50% hybrids task vs the 75%-25% hybrids task) were presented to 74 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers, to investigate young children's selective trust and belief revision. Participants heard two informants (the mother and the stranger) name the hybrid differently. In all tasks, the stranger’s naming was more consistent with the perceptual cues. Children were asked about their own naming (What animal is this?), whom they would like to ask (mother or stranger?), whom to believe and the endorsement question (What animal do you think this is?).The results showed that children's selective trust and belief revision are influenced by the degree of conflict between mother's testimonies and perceptual evidence. In the low conflicting situation (50%-50% hybrids task), children are more inclined to ask for and explicitly trust the mother's testimony than in the high conflicting situation (75%-25% hybrids task). Furthermore, in the low conflicting situation, older children are more likely to revise their beliefs than younger children; whereas in the high conflicting situation, older children are more hesitant to revise their beliefs than younger children. The findings indicate that older children are more flexible in selective trust and belief revision. They are better able to factor the available perceptual cues into their consideration of the adult's testimony.In summary, 4- to 6-year-old preschoolers' selective trust and belief revision are influenced by the degree of conflict between others' testimonies and perceptual evidence. In high conflicting situations, they typically refuse to ask for and endorse the testimonies provided by the familiar informant, or to revise their beliefs. The results of the present study demonstrate that young children are able to distinguish between different degrees of conflict. When the mother's testimony conflicted dramatically with the young children's existing beliefs, older Chinese preschoolers in our study tended to distrust the mother and refused to revise their beliefs.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Renal artery stenosis (RAS) refers to the reduction of lumen diameter of one or both renal arteries, which can cause multiple systemic lesions such as Renovascular Hypertension, ischemic nephropathy and Recurrent Flash Pulmonary Oedema. RAS has been attached importance with the improvement of diagnostic level. In recent years for the treatment of the RAS is still not very clear, the effect of revascularization is to be evaluated, which is still the hotspot subject area.This paper analyzes the less effective of renal artery revascularization in some study, and discuss the pathogenesis.Not just that,this paper summarizes the recent research of revascularization and auxiliary treatment of emerging in this field.And it introduces the importance of patient selection. All in all,the purpose of this study is to provide more reference for renal artery revascularization and provide research direction for clinical screening and therapeutic effectiveness.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2022-09-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background AIDS is a very dangerous infectious disease. The analysis of its morbidity and mortality trend and the influence of age, period and cohort on the morbidity and mortality of AIDS can provide certain reference value for the formulation of AIDS related prevention and control policies. Objective To analyze the trend of the prevalence and mortality of AIDS in China from 2004 to 2018, and to explore the impact of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of AIDS, in the hope of providing reference for China's AIDS prevention and control work. Methods The incidence and mortality data of AIDS in China from 2004 to 2018 were collected from the China Public Health Science Data Center. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence and mortality, and annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated. The Age-Period-Cohort model was used to analyze the influence of age, period and cohort on the trend of AIDS incidence and mortality. Results The results of Joinpoint regression model showed that the incidence and mortality of AIDS in China increased by 22.7% and 18.8% annually from 2004 to 2018 (P < 0.05). The results of the Age-Period-Cohort model showed that age, age and cohort all affected the morbidity and mortality (all P < 0.05). The longitudinal age curves of the morbidity and mortality of AIDS in China showed a j-shaped upward trend from 0.0004/100,000 to 2828.8285/100,000, respectively, from 2004 to 2018. With the passage of time, the risk of morbidity and mortality increased, and the RR increased from 0.3156 to 2.0244 and 0.3291 to 1.5226, respectively. The later the cohort was born, the higher the risk of morbidity and mortality was, the RR increased from 0.0001 to 471.3853 and 0.0001 to 93.6345, respectively. Conclusion The incidence and mortality of AIDS in China were on the rise from 2004 to 2018, and the prevention and treatment of AIDS should be further strengthened。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-10-20 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：喀斯特地区群落结构动态研究，是生态重建和石漠化治理中需解决的关键问题。基于黔中普定县6 块永久监测样地在2013 年、2015 年和2019 年的监测资料，分析7 年间喀斯特次生林重要值、物种消长结构、物种多样性、径级结构和垂直结构的动态特征。结果表明：(1)刺楸（Kalopanax septemlobus）、朴树（Celtis sinensis）等乔木种的优势度增大，更新率较高，竹叶椒（Zanthoxylum armatum）、杭子梢（Campylotropis macrocarpa）和火棘（Pyracantha fortuneana）等先锋种的重要值减少，且死亡率较高。(2)物种多样性指数各年间无显著差异，物种丰富度和Margalef 丰富度指数呈先增加后减少的趋势，Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数基本稳定，均匀度指数呈先减少后增加趋势，其在2013 年和2019 年之间差异显著。(3)径级和树高结构呈“倒J 型”和“左偏正态”分布，各年间差异不显著，乔木层大径级（DBH≥10 cm）个体数增加，但高大乔木（H≥9 m）个体数和种数减少，灌木层中火棘、杭子梢和小冻绿树（Rhamnus rosthornii）等灌木种在0 m≤H＜3 m 和0 cm≤DBH＜2.5 cm 的个体数减少，而刺楸、朴树等乔木种个体数增加。喀斯特次生林的自然演替过程较缓慢且复杂多样，层次结构不明显，群落总体处于演替进展的中前期，群落更新良好，将进一步以乔木占优势的方向发展。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： A new generation of interactive models, called digital voice assistants (DVAs), can respond to young children's speech requests automatically and interact with them by voice. Research on the development of young children's epistemic trust in DVAs is scarce. Previous research has concentrated on the development and influencing factors of young children's epistemic trust in human informants or traditional electronic media (e.g., computers, webpages, internet). The semisocial nature of these devices determines the specific theoretical and practical value of investigating young children's epistemic trust in DVAs. Based on this, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the epistemic trust of young children (aged 3-6) and adults in DVAs in various domains and to confirm the significance of accuracy in their trust.The paradigm of dual-informant sources was employed in both experiments. A sample size of 88 children was required for an effect size of w = 0.30, 1 - β = 0.8, α = 0.05, according to G*Power 3.1. In Experiment 1, 30 adults and 90 children aged 4-6 were given testimony from distinct information sources (DVAs vs. humans) in either the natural or social domain to investigate the children's willingness to ask questions, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. Whereas the natural domain involved a task to label novel things, the social domain involved inquiry into social customs. The accuracy of the informants was manipulated in Experiment 2, which was based on Experiment 1, and 90 children aged 3-5 and 30 adults were exposed to various informants.The research participants were asked questions about their willingness to ask, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the children preferred to ask the DVAs questions about the natural domain rather than the social domain, with the DVAs being preferred overall. Moreover, the 6-year-old children preferred the DVAs as the information source more than the 4- to 5-year-old children. The adults were more likely to trust the DVAs than the young children. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that the children of all ages and adults were more likely to accept correct informant testimony in both the natural and social domains. In other words, the children were more likely to use the current accuracy of informants as a cue to assess and decide which informant to trust, and when the DVAs lost their accuracy, the children's preference disappeared along with their intellectual trust. The preference for accurate informants was more obvious in the adults and 4- to 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds, with the 3-year-olds being less sensitive to accuracy. Accuracy was an essential indicator of the DVAs' dependability.Our study is the first to investigate the development of epistemic trust in DVAs among children aged 3-6 in China. The results show that children can use DVAs as a source of information and knowledge. Young children become more likely to believe the testimonies of DVAs as they grow older. Children are more likely to trust DVAs in the natural domain than in the social domain. Furthermore, young children are more likely to accept the testimony of reliable informants. The results of this study may contribute to our understanding of the usability and utility of human interaction with technological systems and offer suggestions for the use of DVAs in homes and classrooms to support early learning.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-05-06
Abstract： [Objective]A new generation of interactive models, called digital voice assistants(DVAs), can respond to young children's speech requests automatically and interactwith them by voice. Research on the development of young children's epistemic trustin DVAs is scarce. Previous research has concentrated on the development and influencing factors of young children's epistemic trust in human informants or traditional electronic media (e.g., computers, webpages, internet). The semisocialnature of these devices determines the specific theoretical and practical value ofinvestigating young children's epistemic trust in DVAs. Based on this, the purposeof the current study was to investigate the epistemic trust of young children (aged3-6) and adults in DVAs in various domains and to confirm the significance of accuracyin their trust. [Methods] The paradigm of dual-informant sources was employed in both experiments.A sample size of 88 children was required for an effect size of w= 0.30, 1–β=0.8, α= 0.05, according to G*Power 3.1. In Experiment 1, 30 adults and 90 childrenaged 4-6 were given testimony from distinct information sources (DVAs vs. humans)in either the natural or social domain to investigate the children's willingnessto ask questions, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. Whereas thenatural domain involved a task to label novel things, the social domain involvedinquiry into social customs. The accuracy of the informants was manipulated inExperiment 2, which was based on Experiment 1, and 90 children aged 3-5 and 30 adultswere exposed to various informants. [Results] The research participants were asked questions about their willingnessto ask, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. The results of Experiment1 showed that the children preferred to ask the DVAs questions about the naturaldomain rather than the social domain, with the DVAs being preferred overall . Moreover, the 6-year-old children preferred the DVAs as the information source morethan the 4- to 5-year-old children. The adults were more likely to trust the DVAsthan the young children. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that the children ofall ages and adults were more likely to accept correct informant testimony in boththe natural and social domains. In other words, the children were more likely touse the current accuracy of informants as a cue to assess and decide which informantto trust, and when the DVAs lost their accuracy, the children's preference disappeared along with their intellectual trust. The preference for accurate informants was more obvious in the adults and 4- to 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds, with the 3-year-olds being less sensitive to accuracy. Accuracy wasan essential indicator of the DVAs' dependability. [Limitations] This study did not include attribution tasks and the experimentalmaterial lacked some ecological properties. [Conclusions] Our study is the first to investigate the development of epistemictrust in DVAs among children aged 3-6 in China. The results show that children canuse DVAs as a source of information and knowledge. Young children become more likelyto believe the testimonies of DVAs as they grow older. Children are more likely totrust DVAs in the natural domain than in the social domain. Furthermore, youngchildren are more likely to accept the testimony of reliable informants. The resultsof this study may contribute to our understanding of the usability and utility ofhuman interaction with technological systems and offer suggestions for the use ofDVAs in homes and classrooms to support early learning.
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