submitted time 2024-01-08
Abstract： This article aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses, as well as the pressure and coping strategies in ethical decision-making. The COVID-19 pandemic has put enormous pressure on the global healthcare system, especially on nurses who are a vital component. Nurses not only face high-intensity work pressure and infection risks, but also have to deal with complex ethical decision-making, such as fair allocation of medical resources and balancing patient privacy and dignity in epidemic prevention and control. These pressures may have significant impacts on the mental health of nurses, including stress, anxiety, depression, and fatigue. The mental health problems of nurses may also affect their ability to make ethical decisions. Therefore, in order to improve the working environment of nurses, increase their job satisfaction, and enhance the treatment effectiveness and satisfaction of patients, it is important to understand the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of nurses and their ethical decision-making.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：【目的】探讨人工智能对科技期刊出版业态带来的可能影响。【方法】采用趋势分析和案例论证的方法，对人工智能技术语态下科技期刊传统出版的内容生产、传播生态和价值逻辑进行再剖析和审视。【结果】认为未来的出版业态将更加智能化、高效化、定制化、场景化，具体体现为算法化选题策划、自动化内容创作、智能化文稿处理、个性化发行传播、场景化阅读体验、社群化学术交流；介绍了人工智能应用存在的一些现实瓶颈和困扰，如算法歧视、数据不足和“信息茧房”等，提出了如平衡人机关系、重塑编辑价值的人工智能风险挑战的适应性治理思路。【结论】人工智能对科技出版生态的形塑和再造是全链条、多视角的，需要主动拥抱、积极融入，但也要审慎对待人工智能应用的风险挑战并加强规约治理。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2023-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《智慧农业（中英文）》
Abstract： [Objective] Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) of flue-cured Tobacco is an important indicator for characterizing the photosynthesis, nutritional status, and growth of the crop. Tobacco is an important economic crop with leaves as the main harvest object, it is crucial to monitor its LCC. Hyperspectral data can be used for the rapid estimation of LCC in flue-cured tobacco leaves, making it of great significance and application value. The purpose of this study was to efficiently and accurately estimate the LCC of flue-cured tobacco during different growth stages. [Methods] Zhongyan 100 was chose as the research object, five nitrogen fertilization levels were set. In each plot, three plants were randomly and destructively sampled, resulting in a total of 45 ground samples for each data collection. After transplanting, the reflectance data of the flue-cured tobacco canopy at six growth stages (32, 48, 61, 75, 89, and 109 d ) were collected using a UAV equipped with a Resonon Pika L hyperspectral. Spectral indices for the LCC estimation model of flue-cured tobacco were screened in two ways: (1) based on 18 published vegetation indices sensitive to LCC of crop leaves; (2) based on random combinations of any two bands in the wavelength range of 400‒1000 nm. The Difference Spectral Index (DSI), Ratio Spectral Index (RSI), and Normalized Spectral Index (NDSI) were calculated and plotted against LCC. The correlations between the three spectral indices and leaf LCC were calculated and plotted using contour maps. Five regression models, unary linear regression (ULR), multivariable linear regression (MLR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR), were used to estimate the chlorophyll content. A regression estimate model of LCC based on various combinations of spectral indices was eventually constructed by comparing the prediction accuracies of single spectral index models multiple spectral index models at different growth stages. [Results and Discussions] The results showed that the LCC range for six growth stages was 0.52‒2.95 mg/g. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation values demonstrated a high degree of dispersion in LCC, indicating differences in fertility between different treatments at the test site and ensuring the applicability of the estimation model within a certain range. Except for 109 d after transplanting, most vegetation indices were significantly correlated with LCC (p<0.01). Compared with traditional vegetation indices, the newly combined spectral indices significantly improved the correlation with LCC. The sensitive bands at each growth stage were relatively concentrated, and the spectral index combinations got high correlation with LCC were mainly distributed between 780‒ 940 nm and 520‒710 nm. The sensitive bands for the whole growth stages were relatively dispersed, and there was little difference in the position of sensitive band between different spectral indices. For the univariate LCC estimation model, the highest modeling accuracy was achieved using the newly combined Normalized Spectral Index and Red Light Ratio Spectral Index at 75 d after transplanting. The coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square errors (RMSE) for the modeling and validation sets were 0.822, 0.814, and 0.226, 0.230, respectively. The prediction results of the five resgression models showed that the RFR algorithm based on multivariate data performed best in LCC estimation. The R2 and RMSE of the modeling set using data at 75 d after transplanting were 0.891 and 0.205, while those of the validation set reached 0.919 and 0.146. In addition, the estimation performance of the univariate model based on the whole growth stages dataset was not ideal, with R2 of 0.636 and 0.686, and RMSE of 0.333 and 0.304 for the modeling and validation sets, respectively. However, the estimation accuracy of the model based on multiple spectral parameters was significantly improved in the whole growth stages dataset, with R2 of 0.854 and 0.802, and RMSE of 0.206 and 0.264 for the modeling and validation sets of the LCC-RFR model, respectively. In addition, in the whole growth stages dataset, the estimation accuracy of the LCC-RFR model was better than that of the LCC-MLR, LCC-PLSR, and LCC-SVR models. Compared with the modeling set, R2 increased by 19.06%, 18.62%, and 29.51%, while RMSE decreased by 31.93%, 29.51%, and 28.24%. Compared with the validation set, R2 increased by 8.21%, 12.62%, and 8.17%, while RMSE decreased by 3.76%, 9.33%, and 4.55%. [Conclusions] The sensitivity of vegetation indices (VIs) to LCC is closely connected to the tobacco growth stage, according to the results this study, which examined the reaction patterns of several spectral indices to LCC in flue-cured tobacco. The sensitivity of VIs to LCC at various growth stages is critical for crop parameter assessment using UAV hyperspectral photography. Five estimation models for LCC in flue-cured tobacco leaves were developed, with the LCC-RFR model demonstrating the greatest accuracy and stability. The RFR model is less prone to overfitting and can efficiently decrease outlier and noise interference. This work could provide theoretical and technological references for LCC estimate and flue-cured tobacco growth monitoring.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to understand the difference in microbial diversity between wild and cultivated Anemone altaica rhizosphere soil. and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to study the microbial composition and diversity in rhizosphere soils between wild and cultivated A. altaica. The results were as follows: (1) Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of wild A. altaica was significantly higher than that of cultivated A. altaica (P < 0.05), while the difference in bacterial diversity was not significant (P > 0.05). The non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the fungal community structures of wild and cultivated A. altaica rhizosphere soil had more significant differences. (2) A total of 9 566 operational taxonomic units (Otus) of bacteria belonged to 39 phyla, 127 classes, 315 orders, 500 families and 886 genera; and 2 670 operational taxonomic units (Otus) of fungi belonged to 15 phyla, 57 classes, 138 orders, 293 families and 597 genera. The bacterial phylum Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota were the dominant phylas in the rhizosphere soil between wild and cultivated plants, despite their relative abundance was different. At genus level, Candidatus_udaeobacter, Norank_f_xanthobacteraceae and Rokubacteriales were the dominant rhizosphere soil bacteria of wild A. altaica. However, Candidatus_udaeobacter, Vicinamibacter and Rokubacteriales were the dominant rhizosphere soil bacteria of cultivated A. altaica. The dominant rhizosphere fungi of wild A. altaica were Mortierella, Sebacina and Russula, while the dominant rhizosphere fungi of the cultivated A. altaica were Sebacina, Mortierella and Unclassified_f_hyaloscyphaceae. (3) The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that organic matter was the main factor affecting soil bacterial community (P < 0.05), and soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting fungi communities (P < 0.05)., while bacterial community structure were not significantly correlated with soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus (P > 0.05). In summary, our study revealed significant difference in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities between wild and cultivated A. altaica, and the main soil factors influencing its rhizosphere microbial communities, the results of this study have certain significance for scientific planting and soil improvement of A. altaica.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： Fracture toughness of X80 pipeline steel in a simulated petrochemical environment is studied in this paper. Original specimens and saturated H2S pre-corroded specimens were tested respectively and δ-Δa resistance curves were obtained, while the influence of hydrogen sulfide corrosive environment on the resistance curve, fracture toughness and plastic work of X80 pipeline steel was analyzed. It follows that the lower limit of KIC of the pre-corroded X80 steel is 75.43 MPa·m½, and the hydrogen sulfide corrosion affect significantly on the fracture toughness of X80 steel: the crack growth resistance curve obtained from original specimens is much higher than that of the pre-corroded specimens; the fracture toughness of stable crack propagation δ0.2BL is 0.740 mm and 0.365 mm respectively, and the former is 2.02 times of the latter. In case for a given amount of crack propagation Δa, the plastic work of the original specimen is about 2.29 times of the pre-corroded specimen. Hydrogen sulfide corrosion reduced the fracture toughness of the X80 steel remarkablely. Thus, in the course of natural gas pipeline, hydrogen sulfide corrosive environment should be avoided to keep the steel a proper high toughness to prevent damage.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： In the field of impression updating, most researchers focus on the impression updating of individual targets, while few researches focus on the impression updating of groups. However, the intervention of prejudice and conflict between groups has always been a hot issue to be solved in the field of social psychology. Since group identity is the basis for impression evaluation of groups, based on the perspective of Common Ingroup Identity Model and social categorization, changing group identity to improve common ingroup identity provides a feasible “change makes sense” intervention path for the impression update of the target group. Considering that the large elderly population has become an important part of the world population, it is of great practical significance to evaluate the elderly population positively. Based on this, the present study manipulated group identity shifting at both explicit and implicit levels through “minimal group recategorization paradigm”. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of identity shifting on the impression updating of the elderly group and the role of common ingroup identity in it, so as to explore a method with low restriction, simple operation and obvious effect to improve out-group impression evaluation. In preliminary experiment, 119 college students participated in the psychology class as subjects, to examine the effect of group identity shifting manipulated by the minimal group recategorization paradigm on the updating of minimal in-group/out-group impressions. In Experiment 1A, 98 college students were recruited as subjects. The aim of Experiment 1A was to use the “minimal group recategorization paradigm” to manipulate the shifting of group identity, examine the change of young individuals’ perception of warmth and competence towards the elderly group, and examine the effect of group identity shifting on the impression updating of the elderly at the explicit level. In Experiment 1B, we recruited 35 college students as subjects to explore whether the impression evaluation of the elderly can be effectively changed at the implicit level by using Go/ No-Go association task. In Experiment 2, the effect of identity shifting was tested on both explicit and implicit levels. At the implicit level, a Single Category Implicit Association Test with higher application rate and wider application scope was used, and an integrated perspective of warmth, competence and stereotype trait words was used to measure the impression evaluation. At the same time, the influence of identity shifting on common ingroup identity was also measured to explore the role of common ingroup identity in the impression updating of the elderly. The results of pre-experiment found that shifting group identity could effectively update individual’s impression of out-group. Specifically, the evaluation of out-group in the changed group was significantly improved compared with that in the unchanged group. The results of experiment 1A showed that at the explicit level, shifting group identity could affect the impression updating of the elderly, and the second evaluation of the elderly has been significantly improved, especially in the competence dimension. The results of Experiment 1B showed that at the implicit level, manipulation of group identity shifting could not effectively improve the impression evaluation of the elderly. In experiment 2, it was found that at the explicit level, common ingroup identity played a completely mediating role in the effect of identity shifting on impression improvement. At the implicit level, consistent with experiment 1B, identity shifting did not change subjects' implicit impression evaluation of the elderly. In conclusion, minimal group recategorization paradigm can shift individual group identity through two classifications and improve impression evaluation of out-group, which is an effective tool to change group identity and alleviate intergroup bias. At the explicit level, common ingroup identity played a mediating role, but at the implicit level, no intervention effect was found. These findings have created a new recategorization method for enhancing common ingroup identity, and opened up a simple and effective method for intergroup prejudice intervention. Moreover, the application of minimal group paradigm is no longer the static application, but more dynamic, ecological significance and realistic value.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： For the influence of stress ratio on fatigue life, fatigue tests of TC18 titanium alloy produced by build-up welding (TC18 by BW) samples were carried out under three stress ratios (R=0.5、R=0.06、R=-1), to draw three fatigue limits and 6 S-N curves of“stress amplitude life model ”and“ three-parameter model ”. Based on the integral relationship of the crack growth rate and fatigue life and considering both of mathematical models of fatigue life, a systematic investigation of the relationship between stress ratio (R) and fatigue life curve (S-N) was performed to build the fatigue life mathematical model (RS-N). According to the modified formula proposed in this paper, the establishment of two R-S-N mathematical models, applicable for TC18 by BW materials. The results show that“stress amplitude”model can accurately predict moderate fatigue life, and“three-parameter fatigue”model is more suitable for the prediction of long-life area. The predictive value of two proposed R-S-N mathematical models are in better agreement with the experimental values, they can accurately predict the fatigue curve under any stress ratio in engineering.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2023-03-06
Abstract： to summarize a case of acute myocardial infarction (Ami) who was treated with emergency PCI after intravenous thrombolytic therapy. During the treatment, nursing intervention was carried out for the patients with severe pain due to myocardial ischemia, to enhance the patient""s own comfort. And the implementation of patients with cardiac rehabilitation care, so as to ease the patients during the treatment of excessive reaction to improve the treatment effect. This article reviews the first aid measures and nursing measures of 1 patient with acute myocardial infarction, and summarizes the relevant nursing experience.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-04-17
Abstract：
In the field of impression updating, most researchers focus on the impression updating of individual targets, while few researches focus on the impression updating of groups. However, the intervention of prejudice and conflict between groups has always been a hot issue to be solved in the field of social psychology. Since group identity is the basis for impression evaluation of groups, based on the perspective of Common Ingroup Identity Model and social categorization, changing group identity to improve common ingroup identity provides a feasible "change makes sense" intervention path for the impression update of the target group. Considering that the large elderly population has become an important part of the world population, it is of great practical significance to evaluate the elderly population positively. Based on this, the present study manipulated group identity shifting at both explicit and implicit levels through "minimal group recategorization paradigm”. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of identity shifting on the impression updating of the elderly group and the role of common ingroup identity in it, so as to explore a method with low restriction, simple operation and obvious effect to improve out-group impression evaluation.
In preliminary experiment, 119 college students participated in the psychology class as subjects, to examine the effect of group identity shifting manipulated by the minimal group recategorization paradigm on the updating of minimal in-group/out-group impressions. In Experiment 1A, 98 college students were recruited as subjects. The aim of Experiment 1A was to use the " minimal group recategorization paradigm " to manipulate the shifting of group identity, examine the change of young individuals' perception of warmth and competence towards the elderly group, and examine the effect of group identity shifting on the impression updating of the elderly at the explicit level. In Experiment 1B, we recruited 35 college students as subjects to explore whether the impression evaluation of the elderly can be effectively changed at the implicit level by using Go/ No-Go association task. In Experiment 2, the effect of identity shifting was tested on both explicit and implicit levels. At the implicit level, a Single Category Implicit Association Test with higher application rate and wider application scope was used, and an integrated perspective of warmth, competence and stereotype trait words was used to measure the impression evaluation. At the same time, the influence of identity shifting on common ingroup identity was also measured to explore the role of common ingroup identity in the impression updating of the elderly.
The results of pre-experiment found that shifting group identity could effectively update individual's impression of out-group. Specifically, the evaluation of out-group in the changed group was significantly improved compared with that in the unchanged group. The results of experiment 1A showed that at the explicit level, shifting group identity could affect the impression updating of the elderly, and the second evaluation of the elderly has been significantly improved, especially in the competence dimension. The results of Experiment 1B showed that at the implicit level, manipulation of group identity shifting could not effectively improve the impression evaluation of the elderly. In experiment 2, it was found that at the explicit level, common ingroup identity played a completely mediating role in the effect of identity shifting on impression improvement. At the implicit level, consistent with experiment 1B, identity shifting did not change subjects' implicit impression evaluation of the elderly.
In conclusion, minimal group recategorization paradigm can shift individual group identity through two classifications and improve impression evaluation of out-group, which is an effective tool to change group identity and alleviate intergroup bias. At the explicit level, common ingroup identity played a mediating role, but at the implicit level, no intervention effect was found. These findings have created a new recategorization method for enhancing common ingroup identity, and opened up a simple and effective method for intergroup prejudice intervention. Moreover, the application of minimal group paradigm is no longer the static application, but more dynamic, ecological significance and realistic value.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本研究旨在探讨低蛋白质水平饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响。试验选取初始体重为（45.5±3.64） kg的“长×大”二元杂交生长育肥猪140头，随机分为2组，每组5个重复，每个重复14头猪。对照组饲喂蛋白质水平为15.05%的正常蛋白质水平饲粮，试验组喂蛋白质水平为12.97%的低蛋白质水平饲粮。预试期为5 d，正试期为30 d。结果表明：1）低蛋白质水平饲粮对生长育肥猪生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）低蛋白质水平饲粮可提高生长育肥猪肠道菌群丰富度和多样性。2组试验猪粪便菌群组成在门水平上差异较小，而在属水平上差异较大。物种差异显著性分析显示除了门水平和纲水平，其他分类水平上细菌相对丰度2组间均有显著差异（P＜0.05）。低蛋白质水平饲粮能够显著提高毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae）、疣微菌科（Ruminococcaceae）、丁酸弧菌属（Butyrivibrio）和假丁酸弧菌属（Pseudobutyrivibrio）等可以利用碳水化合物和纤维分解产生丁酸的有益菌的相对丰度（P＜0.05），显著降低Paraeggerthella和代尔夫特菌属（Delftia）等易使机体受到感染的细菌相对丰度（P＜0.05）。此外，群落组成差异分析显示低蛋白质水平饲粮组猪相比于正常蛋白质水平饲粮组猪有着不同的肠道微生物区系。由此可见，饲粮蛋白质水平降低2%对生长育肥猪生长性能无不利影响，还可改善肠道菌群平衡，有利于机体健康。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加鱼油对蛋鸡体液和细胞免疫机能的影响。试验选用450只31周龄的健康海兰褐蛋鸡，随机分为5个组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米–豆粕型基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.54%、1.08%、2.17%和4.34%的鱼油（二十二碳六烯酸含量分别为0.68、1.35、2.70和5.40 mg/g）。预试期1周，正试期12周。结果表明：1）饲粮添加鱼油对蛋鸡脾脏指数、胸腺指数及血清免疫球蛋白A含量无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）免疫后7和14 d，试验组蛋鸡血清禽流感H9抗体水平显著高于对照组（P0.05）。3）与对照组相比，4.34%鱼油组蛋鸡脾脏白细胞介素–2和白细胞介素–6基因的相对表达量显著降低（P0.05）。综上，饲粮添加0.54%~2.17%鱼油能较好地改善蛋鸡免疫机能，过高（4.34%）无益。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮钠水平对肉仔鸡生长性能、血液离子浓度以及血常规、血气和胫骨指标的影响。选取1日龄爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡公雏270只，随机分为3组（每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡），分别饲喂氯满足需要但钠水平为0.075%（低钠组）、0.160%（中钠组）和0.245%（高钠组）的饲粮。试验期42 d，分为前期（1～14日龄）、中期（15～28日龄）和后期（29～42日龄）3个阶段。结果显示：1）随着饲粮钠水平的升高，肉仔鸡14和28日龄平均体重显著增加（P0.05）。高钠组42日龄血液血红蛋白浓度显著高于低钠组（P0.05）。5）低钠组肉仔鸡42日龄胫骨重量和长度均显著低于中钠组和高钠组（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮钠水平为0.075%时会降低肉仔鸡的采食量，对胫骨发育和生长不利；较高的饲粮钠水平（0.245%）可改善肉仔鸡的生长性能，且在前期效果较好。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加共轭亚油酸（CLA）对开产蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、蛋黄硬度和蛋黄脂肪酸组成的影响。采用单因素随机试验设计，选用产蛋率、体重相近的18周龄海兰褐蛋鸡630只，随机分为7组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡，分别饲喂添加0、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和6% CLA的试验饲粮，预试期1周，正试期8周。结果表明：1）饲粮CLA添加水平≤2%时，对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质无显著影响（P＞0.05）。与对照组相比，饲粮添加2%～4% CLA可增加蛋壳厚度（P>0.05）；饲粮CLA添加水平≥3%时，产蛋率显著降低（P＜0.05），蛋黄硬度显著增加（P＜0.05）；饲粮CLA添加水平≥4%时，平均日采食量和腹脂率显著降低（P＜0.05）；饲粮CLA添加水平≥5%时，料蛋比显著升高（P＜0.05），蛋黄比例显著降低（P＜0.05）。2）1%、2% CLA添加组蛋黄中C16:0、C18:0和饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量显著低于其他组（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，饲粮CLA添加水平≥4%时，蛋黄中C16:0、C18:0和SFA含量显著增加（P＜0.05），C16:1、C18:1、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。蛋黄中CLA含量随饲粮CLA添加水平的增加呈显著二次升高（P＜0.01），c9,t11-CLA的富集量是t10,c12-CLA的1.47倍。综上，饲粮添加2% CLA，可以改善蛋壳质量，降低蛋黄中SFA含量，蛋黄中可富集一定量的CLA，且不影响蛋鸡的生产性能和蛋品质。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在探讨植物乳杆菌对大肠杆菌感染猪肠道上皮细胞（IPEC-J2细胞）形态、存活和免疫应答的影响。在体外条件下，采用吉姆萨和台盼蓝染色方法检测植物乳杆菌对大肠杆菌感染IPEC-J2细胞形态和存活的影响，并采用实时定量荧光PCR方法研究了其对大肠杆菌感染IPEC-J2细胞免疫应答的影响。结果表明：植物乳杆菌能够缓解大肠杆菌引起的IPEC-J2细胞形态损伤。与大肠杆菌处理组相比，植物乳杆菌与大肠杆菌共同处理可显著或极显著降低细胞死亡率（1、2 h，P<0.01；3 h，P<0.05）。植物乳杆菌可显著抑制大肠杆菌引起的IPEC-J2细胞Toll样模式识别受体2（TLR2）（2、3 h，P<0.01）、Toll样模式识别受体6（TLR6）（2 h，P<0.05；3 h，P<0.01）、NOD样模式识别受体2（NOD2）（1 h，P<0.05；2 h，P<0.01）及炎症因子白细胞介素-6（IL-6）（2、3 h，P<0.01）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）（2、3 h，P<0.01）mRNA的过表达（P<0.05），还可促进IPEC-J2细胞NOD样模式识别受体1（NOD1）mRNA的表达（2 h，P<0.05；3 h，P<0.01）。结果提示，植物乳杆菌能够缓解大肠杆菌引起的IPEC-J2细胞形态损伤及死亡，并可通过调节模式识别受体TLR2、TLR6和NOD2 mRNA的表达缓解大肠杆菌引起的细胞炎症因子IL-6、IL-8 mRNA的过表达。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加微藻油（MO）和鱼油（FO）对蛋黄脂肪酸沉积和蛋品质（鲜蛋与储存期）的影响，以期为高效生产富含二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的鸡蛋提供依据。选取31周龄产蛋率接近的海兰褐蛋鸡630只，随机分为7个组，每组6个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮（不额外补充DHA），试验组以MO和FO分别作为DHA源添加1.35、2.70、5.40 mg/g的DHA，其中MO添加量为0.25%、0.50%和1.00%，FO添加量为添加1.08%、2.17%和4.34%。预试期1周，正试期12周。结果表明：1）试验末期各组蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数和哈氏单位均无显著差异（P>0.05）；试验4周，1.35 mg/kg DHA组蛋白高度显著高于2.70和5.40 mg/g DHA组（P0.05）；随着储存时间延长，蛋黄MDA含量显著升高（P<0.05）。3）储存14 d，MO组哈氏单位显著高于FO组（P<0.05）；储存14 d，DHA源和添加水平的互作效应对蛋白高度影响显著（P<0.05），MO组蛋白高度随DHA添加水平升高而升高，FO组蛋白高度随DHA添加水平升高呈现先升高后降低趋势；储存7和28 d，FO组蛋黄颜色显著高于MO组（P<0.05）。4）与对照组相比，饲粮添加不同来源和水平DHA极显著提高蛋黄DHA、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量（P<0.01），且FO组显著高于MO组（P<0.05），极显著降低ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA值（P<0.01）。鸡蛋DHA沉积效率随DHA添加水平升高而极显著降低（P<0.01）。综上，在本试验条件下，相同DHA添加水平下，FO比MO更能促进蛋黄DHA的沉积，且添加水平为1.35 mg/g时DHA沉积效率最高。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究乳酸菌和酵母菌复合制剂(LS)及其与维吉尼亚霉素(VM)联合使用对肉仔鸡血清生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。选取400只1日龄的健康爱拔益加肉仔鸡公雏，据体重相近原则分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加30 mg/kg VM(VM组)、15 mg/kg VM+0.1%LS（VM+LS组）、0.1% LS（LS组）的试验饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明：1)与对照组相比，VM+LS组和LS组42日龄血清总蛋白含量显著提高(P0.05），但在数值上VM+LS组和LS组均高于对照组和VM组。LS组21日龄肉仔鸡的血清免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；LS组42日龄肉仔鸡的血清IgG、IgA和免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；VM+LS组42日龄肉仔鸡的血清IgG含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。由此可见，饲粮添加0.1%的LS及其与15 mg/kg的VM联合使用均可提高肉仔鸡的抗氧化能力和免疫功能，且以单独添加0.1%的LS效果更明显。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响。选取420只产蛋率和体重相近的健康52周龄海兰褐蛋鸡，随机分为4个组，每组7个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加200、400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌。预试期1周，正试期12周。结果表明，与对照组相比：1）饲粮中添加200、400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌对产蛋率和平均蛋重无显著影响（P>0.05），但显著降低了平均日采食量（P<0.05）；饲粮中添加400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了料蛋比（P<0.05）。2）饲粮中添加200、400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加了蛋壳厚度（P<0.05），显著降低了破软蛋率（P<0.05）；饲粮中添加800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高了蛋壳强度和壳重比例（P<0.05）。3）饲粮中添加800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌改善了蛋壳的超微结构，显著增加了蛋壳中钙含量（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可以改善产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能，提高蛋壳品质，降低破软蛋率。本试验条件下，饲粮中添加800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌为宜
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和蛋壳品质的影响。选取420只产蛋率和体重相近的健康52周龄海兰褐蛋鸡，随机分为4个组，每组7个重复，每个重复15只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加200、400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌。预试期1周，正试期12周。结果表明，与对照组相比：1）饲粮中添加200、400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌对产蛋率和平均蛋重无显著影响（P>0.05），但显著降低了平均日采食量（P<0.05）；饲粮中添加400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了料蛋比（P<0.05）。2）饲粮中添加200、400和800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加了蛋壳厚度（P<0.05），显著降低了破软蛋率（P<0.05）；饲粮中添加800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高了蛋壳强度和壳重比例（P<0.05）。3）饲粮中添加800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌改善了蛋壳的超微结构，显著增加了蛋壳中钙含量（P<0.05）。由此可见，饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可以改善产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能，提高蛋壳品质，降低破软蛋率。本试验条件下，饲粮中添加800 mg/kg枯草芽孢杆菌为宜
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验通过研究不同剂量吡咯喹啉醌二钠（PQQ·Na2）对产蛋鸡生产性能、抗氧化状态和血浆生化指标的影响，旨在评价PQQ·Na2在产蛋鸡上的生物学安全性。试验选用540只25周龄的健康海兰灰蛋鸡，随机分为5组，每组设6个重复，每个重复18只。5组产蛋鸡分别饲喂添加0（对照）、0.04、0.08、0.12 mg/kg PQQ·Na2及200 mg/kg维生素E的5种试验饲粮。预试期1周，正试期24周。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.04~0.12 mg/kg PQQ·Na2对产蛋鸡的生产性能未产生显著影响（P＜0.05）；2）试验第24周，与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.04~0.12 mg/kg PQQ·Na2显著提高了鸡蛋的哈氏单位（P＜0.05），且添加0.08 mg/kg PQQ·Na2还显著提高了蛋壳厚度（P＜0.05）；3）与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.08和0.12 mg/kg PQQ·Na2显著提高了血浆谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（第12周）和总超氧化物歧化酶活性（第2周、第24周）（P＜0.05）；4）与对照组相比，饲粮添加0.08 mg/kg PQQ·Na2显著降低了心脏羰基含量（P＜0.05），显著提高了肝脏总抗氧化能力（P＜0.05），且添加0.12 mg/kg PQQ·Na2还显著降低了肝脏丙二醛含量（P＜0.05）。上述试验结果提示，饲粮添加0.08~0.12 mg/kg PQQ·Na2对产蛋鸡的生产性能无不良影响，且可改善机体抗氧化功能，综合考虑得出产蛋鸡饲粮中PQQ·Na2的适宜添加量为0.08 mg/kg。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在探究不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响。选用350只1日龄爱拔益加健康公雏，随机分为5个组，分别为：Ⅰ组（基础饲粮，对照组）、Ⅱ组（基础饲粮+0.5%白酒糟酵母培养物）、Ⅲ组（基础饲粮+1.0%白酒糟酵母培养物）、Ⅳ组（基础饲粮降低0.21 MJ/kg代谢能+0.5%白酒糟酵母培养物）和Ⅴ组（基础饲粮降低0.42 MJ/kg代谢能+1.0%白酒糟酵母培养物），每组7个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验期42 d。结果显示：1）21日龄肉仔鸡平均体重以对照组最低，其他各组略有升高，Ⅲ组升高趋势明显（P0.05）。2）与对照组比，Ⅳ组肉仔鸡21日龄腹脂率显著降低（P0.05）。3）饲粮添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、钙和磷含量影响均不显著（P>0.05）。4）21日龄时，对照组肉仔鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性最低，且显著低于Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组（P<0.05）；各试验组肉仔鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05），Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉仔鸡血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。42日龄时，各试验组肉仔鸡血清T-AOC均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。综上，不同能量水平饲粮中添加0.05%~0.10%白酒糟酵母培养物可提高肉仔鸡体增重，改善料重比，降低腹脂率，提高血清抗氧化能力
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