分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学的集成理论 提交时间： 2022-11-28 合作期刊: 《数据智能（英文）》
摘要：COVID-19 evolves rapidly and an enormous number of people worldwide desire instant access to COVID- 19 information such as the overview, clinic knowledge, vaccine, prevention measures, and COVID-19 mutation. Question answering (QA) has become the mainstream interaction way for users to consume the ever-growing information by posing natural language questions. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to develop a QA system to offer consulting services all the time to relieve the stress of health services. In particular, people increasingly pay more attention to complex multi-hop questions rather than simple ones during the lasting pandemic, but the existing COVID-19 QA systems fail to meet their complex information needs. In this paper, we introduce a novel multi-hop QA system called COKG-QA, which reasons over multiple relations over large-scale COVID-19 Knowledge Graphs to return answers given a question. In the field of question answering over knowledge graph, current methods usually represent entities and schemas based on some knowledge embedding models and represent questions using pre-trained models. While it is convenient to represent different knowledge (i.e., entities and questions) based on specified embeddings, an issue raises that these separate representations come from heterogeneous vector spaces. We align question embeddings with knowledge embeddings in a common semantic space by a simple but effective embedding projection mechanism. Furthermore, we propose combining entity embeddings with their corresponding schema embeddings which served as important prior knowledge, to help search for the correct answer entity of specified types. In addition, we derive a large multi-hop Chinese COVID-19 dataset (called COKG-DATA for remembering) for COKG-QA based on the linked knowledge graph OpenKG-COVID19 launched by OpenKG, including comprehensive and representative information about COVID-19. COKG-QA achieves quite competitive performance in the 1-hop and 2-hop data while obtaining the best result with significant improvements in the 3-hop. And it is more efficient to be used in the QA system for users. Moreover, the user study shows that the system not only provides accurate and interpretable answers but also is easy to use and comes with smart tips and suggestions.
分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学的集成理论 提交时间： 2022-11-28 合作期刊: 《数据智能（英文）》
摘要：Due to the large-scale spread of COVID-19, which has a significant impact on human health and social economy, developing effective antiviral drugs for COVID-19 is vital to saving human lives. Various biomedical associations, e.g., drug-virus and viral protein-host protein interactions, can be used for building biomedical knowledge graphs. Based on these sources, large-scale knowledge reasoning algorithms can be used to predict new links between antiviral drugs and viruses. To utilize the various heterogeneous biomedical associations, we proposed a fusion strategy to integrate the results of two tensor decomposition-based models (i.e., CP-N3 and ComplEx-N3). Sufficient experiments indicated that our method obtained high performance (MRR=0.2328). Compared with CP-N3, the mean reciprocal rank (MRR) is increased by 3.3% and compared with ComplEx-N3, the MRR is increased by 3.5%. Meanwhile, we explored the relationship between the performance and relationship types, which indicated that there is a negative correlation (PCC=0.446, P-value=2.26e-194) between the performance of triples predicted by our method and edge betweenness.
分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学的集成理论 提交时间： 2022-11-28 合作期刊: 《数据智能（英文）》
摘要：Since the end of 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak worldwide has not only presented challenges for government agencies in addressing public health emergency, but also tested their capacity in dealing with public opinion on social media and responding to social emergencies. To understand the impact of COVID- 19 related tweets posted by the major public health agencies in the United States on public emotion, this paper studied public emotional diffusion in the tweets network, including its process and characteristics, by taking Twitter users of four official public health systems in the United States as an example. We extracted the interactions between tweets in the COVID-19-TweetIds data set and drew the tweets diffusion network. We proposed a method to measure the characteristics of the emotional diffusion network, with which we analyzed the changes of the public emotional intensity and the proportion of emotional polarity, investigated the emotional influence of key nodes and users, and the emotional diffusion of tweets at different tweeting time, tweet topics and the tweet posting agencies. The results show that the emotional polarity of tweets has changed from negative to positive with the improvement of pandemic management measures. The public's emotional polarity on pandemic related topics tends to be negative, and the emotional intensity of management measures such as pandemic medical services turn from positive to negative to the greatest extent, while the emotional intensity of pandemic related knowledge changes the most. The tweets posted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration of the United States have a broad impact on public emotions, and the emotional spread of tweets’ polarity eventually forms a very close proportion of opposite emotions.
分类： 心理学 >> 应用心理学 提交时间： 2022-10-18
摘要：疫情对整个人类社会带来巨大影响，也深深影响到当代大学生。新冠疫情发生后，大学生生活发生了巨大的改变。疫情下政策的不断调整，封校等行为导致大学生交往与休闲活动被限制，大学生情绪出现了波动。这种复杂的情绪反应，传统的量表都不能完全反应出其忽高忽低的反复性情绪。大学生是疫情防控的重点、难点。目前针对大学生疫情心态认知及其影响的研究欠缺，使得对于大学生群体的疫情防控方法缺乏针对性。大学生属于群体生活，心态具有社会和群体属性，其形成和变化涉及多种因素。它不是个人心态的简单累积和机械叠加。民众心理健康测量（DASS）更倾向于负性情绪严重时的测量，不能完全表达疫情好转时的“积极”心态。SCL-90（90症状清单），SDS（抑郁状态量表）都更倾向于个体测量，而非民众风险认知及其心理行为研究。针对大学生疫情心态认知测量方法缺乏，我们经过研究，编制新冠疫情下心态认知量表并检验。研究对于疫情下大学生心态认知有着积极的意义。准确把握大学生疫情心态认知，有利于进行科学的疫情防控，助力打赢抗击疫情这场战争。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2022-07-09 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
背景 新型冠状病毒病 (COVID-19)在全球范围内蔓延，严重影响人类健康和生活。有研究报道COVID-19感染可导致血栓性疾病，而脑卒中与血栓事件密切相关。目的 评估COVID-19感染对脑卒中病死率的影响，并对其可能机制进行探讨，从而为COVID-19患者的科学防治提供可靠的临床理论依据。方法 通过检索Web of Science，Pubmed，embase，cochrane，知网及万方等自2019年12月至2022年1月发表的文献，筛选COVID-19合并脑卒中的相关文献，采用NOS风险评价标准对纳入文献进行质量评价，采用Meta分析评价COVID-19感染对脑卒中病死率的影响，采用漏斗图评价文献发表偏倚。结果 共纳入20篇文献。Meta分析结果显示：脑卒中患者中感染COVID-19患者的病死率高于非COVID-19感染组(RR=4.16, 95% CI: 2.82-6.13, P<0.001)；COVID-19感染对凝血酶原时间（PT）影响变化更大 (MD=0.93, 95% CI: 0.26-1.60, P=0.007)；COVID-19感染合并脑卒中D-二聚体更高(MD=1.34, 95% CI: 0.83-1.84, P<0.001)。两组活化部分凝血酶原时间（activated partial thromboplastin time, APTT）比较，差异均无统计学意义(MD=2.51, 95% CI: -2.69-7.71, P=0.34)；感染COVID-19的脑卒中患者年龄更小（MD=-1.70, 95% CI: -3.11--0.28,P=0.02）；感染COVID-19的脑卒中患者预后与入院时NIHSS较高相关（MD=6.66, 95% CI: 4.54-8.59, P<0.01），结论COVID-19感染可增加脑卒中的病死率，PT、D-二聚体等凝血系统的改变可能在其中发挥着重要的作用机制，其预后与年龄、入院时的NIHSS等危险因素相关。
分类： 数学 >> 应用数学 提交时间： 2021-09-22
摘要： In the early days of the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to insufficient knowledge of the pandemic, inadequate nucleic acid tests, lack of timely data reporting, etc., the origin time of the onset of COVID-19 is difficult to determine. Therefore, source tracing is crucial for infectious disease prevention and control. The purpose of this paper is to infer the origin time of pandemic of COVID-19 based on a data and model hybrid driven method. We model the testing positive rate to fit its actual trend, and use the least squares estimation to obtain the optimal model parameters. Further, the kernel density estimation is applied to infer the origin time of pandemic given the specific confidence probability. By selecting 12 representative regions in the United States for analysis, the dates of the first infected case with 50% confidence probability are mostly between August and October 2019, which are earlier than the officially announced date of the first confirmed case in the United States on January 20, 2020. The experimental results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States starts to spread around September 2019 with a high confidence probability. In addition, the existing confirmed cases are also used in Wuhan City and Zhejiang Province in China to infer the origin time of COVID-19 and provide the confidence probability. The results show that the spread of COVID-19 pandemic in China is likely to begin in late December 2019.
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间： 2021-05-25
摘要：关注新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间的心理援助热线咨询师由共情带来的消极和积极影响及机制，并探究从消极影响转变为积极成长的内在机制具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究以国内疫情期间，776名在教育部华中师范大学心理援助热线平台上工作的咨询师(平均年龄42.57岁，平均咨询经验12.44年)为研究对象，使用问卷法测量热线心理咨询师的共情、正念、寻求意义、继发性创伤应激(Secondary Traumatic Stress, STS)和替代性创伤后成长(Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, VPTG)。采用潜变量结构方程模型进行分析，结果发现：（1）咨询师的共情正向预测STS和VPTG；（2）正念在共情和STS间起部分中介作用，寻求意义在共情和VPTG间起部分中介作用；（3）共情还可以分别通过STS、STS—寻求意义、正念—STS、正念—STS—寻求意义的中介路径对VPTG起正向预测作用。该结果提示要辩证看待共情带来的消极和积极影响，关注从消极反应到积极成长的转变，这不仅能够深化共情及其影响的研究，还能为相关研究应用提供启示。
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2021-01-15
摘要：Objective: Given that the coronavirus pandemic has become a severe concern around the world, how can optimism be maintained in an outbreak of a collective epidemic? We proposed that perceived control and negative affect could be potential explanatory factors for optimism in the face of pandemic. Methods & Results: In Study 1, a large-scale (N = 599) cross-sectional design (N = 599) showed the effect of risk perception on life optimism and the serial mediating effect of “perceived control–negative affect” through structural equation modeling. Then, Study 2 (N = 191) ascertained the causality between risk perception for epidemic and life optimism with experimental manipulations. Finally, Study 3 (N = 186) controlled for extrinsic variables and further revealed that the effect of risk perception on optimism could be extended to overall subjective well-being. Conclusions: Together, these findings indicated that under influenza epidemic, risk perception could make a difference in life optimism. Moreover, perceived control and negative affect were notable contributing factors in the link. Measures strengthening the publicity and transparency of recovery rates should be taken to reduce public risk perceptions and promote life optimism.
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2020-03-27 合作期刊: 《心理学报》
摘要： 当个体知觉到环境中存在威胁时，就会自动的引发个体的应激反应。而长期的应激会使个体产生一系列严重的心理和身体健康问题。大量的研究发现肯定自我价值可以缓冲由应激引发的负面情绪和身体反应。本研究通过实验的方法考察了肯定自我价值是否可以降低新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情引发的焦虑和抑郁情绪反应。220名被试被随机分配到自我价值肯定任务组或控制任务组，被试在干预前(2月2日)和一个星期后(2月9日)完成焦虑和抑郁测量。研究结果发现相对于控制组在一周后比前测时表现出更严重的焦虑情绪，自我价值肯定组在前测和一周后在焦虑情绪上没有显著的变化，这一效应在控制了性别、年龄、受教育水平和家庭年收入后仍然存在。这些结果表明简短的(约10分钟)对自我价值的反思可以帮助个体缓冲疫情引发的焦虑情绪反应。这一发现对于从社会心理的视角进行疫情防护提供了重要的科学证据。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2020-03-05
Xu, Xiaoling
Han, Mingfeng
Li, Tiantian
Sun, Wei
Wang, Dongsheng
Fu, Binqing
Zhou, Yonggang
Zheng, Xiaohu
Yang, Yun
Li, Xiuyong
Zhang, Xiaohua
Pan, Aijun
Wei, Haiming
摘要： Background: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China, which spread rapidly and has become a world-wide public health challenge. We aimed to assess the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) and seek a new therapeutic strategy. Methods: The patients diagnosed as severe or critical COVID-19 in The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) and Anhui Fuyang Second People’s Hospital were given tocilizumab in addition to routine therapy between February 5 and February 14, 2020. The changes of clinical manifestations, CT scan image, and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Findings: Within a few days, the fever returned to normal and all other symptoms improved remarkably. Fifteen of the 20 patients (75.0%) had lowered their oxygen intake and one patient need no oxygen therapy. CT scans manifested that the lung lesion opacity absorbed in 19 patients (90.5%). The percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which decreased in 85.0% patients (17/20) before treatment (mean, 15.52 ± 8.89%), returned to normal in 52.6% patients (10/19) on the fifth day after treatment. Abnormally elevated C-reactive protein decreased significantly in 84.2% patients (16/19). No obvious adverse reactions were observed. Nineteen patients (90.5%) have been discharged on average 13.5 days after the treatment with tocilizumab and the rest are recovering well. Interpretation: Tocilizumab is an effective treatment in severe patients of COVID-19, which provided a new therapeutic strategy for this fatal infectious disease.
分类： 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间： 2020-03-04
Zheng JIN
Kaibin ZHAO
Yanyu XIA
Ruijun CHEN
Huan YU
Timothy TAMUNANG TAMUTANA1
Jeffrey SHERMAN
Christina BERMEITINGER
Pamela BAESS
摘要： The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected more than 90,000 people in at least 69 countries by Feb 29, 2020. Medical interest in COVID-19 has been considerable. Mental health issues that coincide with the epidemics are rarely examined. There is a strong need for public health officials to consider how psychological effects vary at each phase of a crisis and how they relate to people to better support them in these shifting states of mind. The present study examines temporal relationships among behavioral and emotional responses towards COVID-19 and attitudinal responses to crisis management. 846 adults were invited to complete a set of Internet-based questionnaires at two time points with a range of 14 to 18 days’ intervals covered by the ascending phase of the outbreak. At the baseline assessment 788 adults completed the questionnaires. At the Wave 2 survey, 318 adults from Wave 1 were retained. Results from cross-lagged models demonstrated reciprocal negative associations between anxiety and crisis management appraise. In addition, the higher evaluation of crisis management in the initial period of outbreak predicted adoption of preventive behaviors and susceptibility to emotional contagion to a greater extend in a later period. Susceptibility to emotional contagion also positively predicted preventive behaviors taken. Furthermore, multiple group structural equation modeling revealed that evaluation of crisis management is more likely to affect the susceptibility to emotional contagion of people on the frontline of the outbreak (i.e., Wuhan) compared to people living in moderate risk areas (i.e., Outside of Hubei). These data provide experimental evidence regarding mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak, and over the course of a pandemic, which will direct governments and health authorities during disease outbreaks through their attempts to communicate with the public.
分类： 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 分类： 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间： 2020-02-29
摘要： We noticed an unusual increase of first-time patients with schizophrenia (F20) in January 2020 since the outbreak of COVID-19. The aim of this retrospective study is to validate this observation and find potential risk factors, if applicable. A total number of 13,783 records from outpatients in January 2020 were investigated thoroughly. Comparisons between incidence of schizophrenia in outpatients in January 2020 and similar periods of 2017-2019 were made to minimize seasonal influence. Relationship of incidence of schizophrenia and COVID-19 infections in China was calculated. Limited personal information (age, gender, approximate residence) was analyzed to find risk factors.After excluding seasonal factors such as Spring festival, a positive relationship between incidence of schizophrenia in first-time patients and countrywide epidemic situation was found. Statistical results further showed a significant increase of median age from 39 to 50 for first-time patients diagnosed with schizophrenia which is unusual. Meanwhile, a slight but not significant change was found in distribution of gender and approximate residence (urban/suburb). Our data supported that COVID-19 outbreak increased risk of schizophrenia in aged adults which is consistent with the fact that COVID-19 is more lethal to elders. We strongly appeal that public healthcare in countries either with or without infected patients should prepare in advance for potential risks in public mental health.
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2020-02-28
Luo, Sihui
Liu, Wei
Liu, Zhenjun
Zheng, Xueying
Ling, Ping
Ding, Yu
Hong, Changxing
Liu, Zhirong
Liu, Jian
Weng, Jianping
摘要： Here we reported a case of asymptomatic carrier of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A 50-year old woman, lived with her husband in Anqing(Anhui, China) with no significant past medical history, travel history to Wuhan or adjacent area, or exposure to wild animals. She took throat swab test for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid due to her husband’s close contact with patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Her results were confirmed positive on February 6, 2020. But she did not report elevation of temperature measurement, nor respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms and her chest CT scan showed no significant abnormalities. She was hospitalized on February 6 and treated with antiviral agents. During her hospitalization, apart from a mild elevation of liver enzymes after 10-day treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir, she was asymptomatic, with her blood cell count, live and renal function largely normal. Her subcutaneous oxygen saturation stayed above 97%. Chest CT scan was repeated on February 11 and 20, and both were negative for signs of viral pneumonia. Notably, a second set of throat swabs and anal swabs were sent to test for SARS-CoV-2 on February 19, and the results were still confirmed positive. This is a confirmed case of asymptomatic carrier of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Her persistent positive findings in both throat and anal swabs suggested the possibility of healthy carrier of the virus, which adds to the difficulty in preventing transmission of the disease.
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2020-02-28
Zikuan Leng
Rongjia Zhu
Wei Hou
Yingmei Feng
Yanlei Yang
Qin Han
Guangliang Shan
Fanyan Meng
Dongshu Du
Shihua Wang
Junfen Fan
Wenjing Wang
Luchan Deng
Hongbo Shi
Hongjun Li
Zhongjie Hu
Fengchun Zhang
Jinming Gao
Hongjian Liu
Xiaoxia Li
摘要： A coronavirus (HCoV-19) has caused the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China, Preventing and reversing the cytokine storm may be the key to save the patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to possess a comprehensive powerful immunomodulatory function. This study aims to investigate whether MSC transplantation improve the outcome of 7 enrolled patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Beijing YouAn Hospital, China from Jan 23, 2020. to Feb 16, 2020. The clinical outcomes, as well as changes of inflammatory and immune function levels and adverse effects of 7 enrolled patients were assessed for 14 days after MSC injection. MSCs could cure or significantly improve the functional outcomes of seven patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in 14 days without observed adverse effect. The pulmonary function and symptoms of all patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were significantly improved in 2 days after MSC transplantation. Among them, two common and one severe patient were recovered and discharged in 10 days after treatment. After treatment, the peripheral lymphocytes were increased and the overactivated cytokine-secreting immune cells CXCR3 CD4 T cells, CXCR3 CD8 T cells, and CXCR3 NK cells were disappeared in 3-6 days. And a group of CD14 CD11c CD11bmid regulatory DC cell population dramatically increased. Meanwhile, the level TNF-α is significantly decreased while IL-10 increased in MSC treatment group compared to the placebo control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profile showed MSCs were ACE2- and TMPRSS2- which indicated MSCs are free from COVID-19 infection. Thus, the intravenous transplantation of MSCs was safe and effective for treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially for the patients in critically severe condition.
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2020-02-27
Bing Liang
Junhui Chen
Tao Li
Haiying Wu
Wenjie Yang
Yanjiao Li
Jianchun Li
Congtao Yu
Fangang Nie
Zhaoxia Ma
Mingxi Yang
Panrong Nie
Yanfeng Gao
Chuanyun Qian
Min Hu
摘要：BackgroundThe COVID-19 cases increased very fast in the last two months. The mortality among critically ill patients, especially the elder ones, was relatively high. Considering that most of the dead patients were caused by severe inflammation response, it is very urgent to develop effective therapeutic agents and strategies for these patients. The human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) have shown very good capability to modulate immune response and repair the injured tissue with good safety. Case PresentationHere, we reported the treatment process and clinical outcome of a 65-year-old female critically ill COVID-19 patient infected with 2019-nCoV (now called SARS-CoV-2). The significant clinical outcome and well tolerance was observed by the adoptive transfer of allogenic hUCMSCs.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the adoptive transfer therapy of hUCMSCs might be an ideal choice to be used or combined with other immune modulating agents to treat the critically ill COVID-19 patients.
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2020-02-26
Jinnong,Zhang
Wenjing,Wang
Bo,Peng
Wei,Peng
Yisheng,Zhang
Yaling,Wang
Yan,Wan
Jiang,Chang
Ling,Mao
Xiaoping，Miao
Yifan,Zhou
Yanan,Li
Yu,Hu
Bo,Hu
摘要： Background: The efficient transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to healthcare workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and Chest CT from January 1 to January 16, 2020. We collected demographic information, work location of exposure, post-exposure prophylaxis information, and symptoms, if any, 24 days after exposure. The relation between post-exposure prophylaxis and infection in household contacts and healthcare workers were respectively analyzed. Results: 27 families and 124 health care workers had evidence of close exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19. There were no differences in age, profession and sex distribution in the two groups with different post-exposure prophylaxis, table 1. Logistic regression based on the data of the family members and health care workers with Arbidol or Oseltamivir prophylaxis showed that Arbidol PEP was a strong protective factor against the development of COVID-19 (Odds ratio 0·011 , 95% CI 0·001-0·125, P=0·0003 for family members and Odds ratio 0·049, 95%CI 0·003-0·717), P= 0·0276 for health care workers). On the contrary, Oseltamivir was associated with an increase in COVID-19 infection (Odds ratio 20·446, 95% CI 1·407-297·143, P= 0·0271). Conclusions: Our findings suggest Arbidol could reduce the infection risk of the novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings. This treatment should be promoted for PEP use and should be the subject of further investigation.
分类： 医学、药学 >> 基础医学 分类： 医学、药学 >> 医学、药学其他学科 提交时间： 2020-02-25
摘要：自2019年12月爆发以来，2019年新型冠状病毒已在全球造成2596人死亡，并且有超过11，000名患者仍处于严重状况。该病毒和由该病毒引起的医疗状况被命名为SARS-CoV-2和COVID-19。虽然已经广泛应用了抗病毒、对症和功能支持性疗法，每天仍有100多名患者死于该病毒感染。COVID-19最常见的致命并发症是急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）。SARS-CoV-2在世界范围内的大流行可能仍然存在。其它病毒感染引起的肺炎亦可导致ARDS，出现类似的危重情形，这些病毒包括如非典型的急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS）、中东呼吸综合征（MERS）和流感病毒引起的肺炎。因此，制定更有效的降低病毒所致的ARDS死亡率的策略，不但是当前抗新冠疫情的迫切需要，也是全球范围内降低病毒性肺炎死亡率的长期需要。ARDS曾被称为湿肺，血管泄漏导致的肺水肿是其最重要的病理特征之一，重型COVID-19的临床表现和胸部计算机断层扫描图像特征（白肺）符合ARDS。确定水肿液从何处及如何渗漏到肺部，是制定基于机制的预防和阻止水从肺毛细管向肺间质渗漏的策略，降低湿肺死亡率的关键。对于轻度和中度病例，非类固醇消炎药，如用于风湿性关节炎的药物，可能有助于防止和减少这种漏水。免疫抑制剂（如西罗莫司和巨蜥）可能使病毒感染、免疫反应和非免疫炎症造成的损伤高峰时间错开，从而降低肺漏水程度，防止危及生命情况出现。使用清火中草药可能也有抗炎用。对于严重病例，血液透析可能是消除大多数炎症介质和细胞毒性物质的有效策略。
分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机应用技术 提交时间： 2020-02-24
zhidong,Xue
Lei,Zhao
Tailang,Yin
Yan,Fu
Zehua,Lyu
yiping,Dang
Yujiang,Zeng
Silou,Huang
Bing,Qu
Hongya,Lyu
Chen,Huang
Zhiyou,Kong
Kepei,Xu
Feipeng,Zhou
Hexun,Dong
He,Hu
Jing,Tang
Senyuan,Xue
Zhixiang,Fang
Jinxiang,Lu
摘要： Background：The COVID-19 Epidemic emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Ever since Wuhan lockdown on January 23rd, mass quarantines were exercised on Wuhan and other epidemic areas of China. We aimed to clarify how ordinary Wuhan people defend against COVID-19 epidemic at home through the Internet survey. Methods：A questionnaire survey, consisting of 30 questions were posted on the Internet. The following aspects were investigated: household preventive measures, self-monitoring of discomfort symptoms, immunity boosting against the epidemic, frequency and reasons of outgoing and mental status of the isolated people. The questionnaire was circulated on Wechat. We marked the areas based on the surveyed network IP addresses and categorized respondents into group A(Wuhan), B(Hubei Province excluding Wuhan ), C, and D based on the epidemic severity of their areas announced by Baidu.com at 17:00 on February 8, 2020. And a comparative study was conducted to illustrate how Wuhan people took the anti-COVID-19 strategies and how efficient these preventive measures were. Findings：In terms of discomfort symptoms, Wuhan, as Group A, had the lowest asymptomatic percentages (70.2%), compared to the average 78.5% (±7%). Considering the three typical symptoms for the COVID-19, i.e., cough, fever and fatigue, Wuhan (9.67%) greatly deviated from the average (7.68%). The fatigue was the most significant factor in the deviation, exceeding the average by 1.35%. In terms of household protection measures, most people or families were able to take effective protection measures with very low frequency of going out, but the percentage of those who took this practice was obviously smaller in Wuhan and Hubei Province. From the aspect of going out, most of the people in Wuhan only went out for shopping and work, with a small number of people for social gathering. In terms of immunity boosting, compared with Group C and D, it was relatively lower in Wuhan. Overall, most people chose to enhance their immunity through regular schedule, exercise, sufficient nutrition. Only 33.44% of people in Group A did not go out, and 59.97% had to go out for living supplies, which was the highest level among the four groups. However, the percentage of people who went out for work and unnecessary activities remains the lowest while 1% of the population went out for public welfare activities, higher than other groups. Worry about the family health topped all the parameters for all the groups. Among them, Wuhan has reached a maximum of 49.61%, higher than the average level of 36.62% (± 10.69%). Mental status except for feeling bored and lonely were the highest in Wuhan. Suggestions：When the epidemic prevention and control is still in a sticky state, and Wuhan started a stricter control measure, the closed management of communities, on Feb 11, 2020, it is expected that our findings can provide some insights into the current household preventive actions and arouse more attentions of the public to some ignored preventive precautions. Unnecessary outgoing should be strictly abandoned. Regular schedule, exercises and nutrition were the top 3 measures participants would choose to enhance their own immunity system. It seems that people in Wuhan would choose nutrition and regular scheduler rather than exercises as the primary immunity-boosting ways. Exercise should be especially advocated as an effective way to enhance the immunity system. In terms of physical condition, people in Wuhan should take more active measures when symptoms occurred. The mentality is also an important aspect requiring intensive attention with the conduct of stricter control management in Wuhan while the rest groups gradually resume to work and ordinary life.
分类： 生物学 >> 病毒学 分类： 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学技术其他学科 提交时间： 2020-02-21
摘要：新发传染病爆发流行期间，亟需提出候选药物功效与机制的科学假说。疫苗或新药研发均需要一定时间，因而药物重定位（老药新用）策略有其独特价值。但是新发疾病其病原体、宿主反应的临床数据不充分，制约了候选药物假设的提出。此阶段常根据病人临床特征进行广谱抗病毒药物的尝试。本文借鉴人工智能领域常见的启发式搜索思路，提出一种新方法(aCODE)，基于前期有一定疗效提示的广谱抗病毒药，获得其宿主靶蛋白集合，在全基因组尺度上搜索与之相关性最高的基因模块组合，进而对候选化合物（如已批准上市药物、天然产物）进行模式匹配与统计检验排序。本方法可根据临床实践的进展更新输入药物，迭代输出更精准结果，输出的天然产物或中药、药食同源成分结合其它信息后可实施快速测试，形成敏捷研发测试闭环。本方法的第二版更新及其与文献证据的比对分析请参考：http://chinaxiv.org/abs/202002.00024。
分类： 生物学 >> 病毒学 分类： 生物学 >> 生物进化论 分类： 生物学 >> 遗传学 提交时间： 2020-02-21
摘要：Background. The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, Central China. Up to February 18, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 70,000 people in China, and another 25 countries across five continents. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFluTM database to decode the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the recent two months. Methods. Alignment of coding-regions was conducted haplotype analyses using DnaSP. Substitution sites were analyzed in codon. Evolutionary analysis of haplotypes used NETWORK. Population size changes were estimated using both DnaSP and Arlequin. Expansion date of population size was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau (τ) using the formula t=τ/2u. Findings. Eight coding-regions have 120 substitution sites, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions. Forty-two non-synonymous substitutions changed the biochemical property of amino acids. No evident combination was found. Fifty-eight haplotypes were classified as five groups, and 31 haplotypes were found in samples from both China and other countries, respectively. The rooted network suggested H13 and H35 to be ancestral haplotypes, and H1 (and its descendent haplotypes including all samples from the Hua Nan market) was derived H3 haplotype. Population size of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated to have a recent expansion on 6 January 2020, and an early expansion on 8 December 2019. Interpretation. Genomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 are still low in comparisons with published genomes of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Phyloepidemiologic analyses indicated the SARS-CoV-2 source at the Hua Nan market should be imported from other places. The crowded market boosted SARS-CoV-2 rapid circulations in the market and spread it to the whole city in early December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific direction of human-to-human transmissions, and the import sources of international infectious cases.
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