Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
ZHANG, Xing
DONG, Jing
GUO, Yi
XU, Jianwei
BAI, Yamin
LIU, Min
ZHANG, Xiaochang
GUO, Xiaolei
MA, Jixiang
SUN, Xinying
Abstract： Background The prevalence of hypertension among Chinese residents is high while the control rate is low. It has been suggested by numerous epidemiologic studies that reducing salt intake could reduce blood pressure level. Therefore，it is significant for health management of residents and reducing social burden to explore determinants of salt-reduction behavior among residents. Objective To explore the predisposing，reinforcing and enabling factors of salt-reduction behavior among Shandong residents based on the PRECEDE model，and provide scientific suggestions for the subsequent salt-reduction campaign. Methods This study was a mixed methods research. A total of 114 residents were interviewed in 2016 and 2018 by using purposive sampling method. The interview guide mainly contained attitudes to salt control，difficulties encountered and assistance received during salt control. The quantitative data were obtained from the database of terminal survey of Shandong and Ministry of Health Action on Salt and Hypertension（SMASH），and the sample of eastern as well as central-southern Shandong from the database was selected into this research. The part related to hypertension among this survey was selected from the database，and a total of 6 697 research objects were finally selected. Results The results of multinomial Logistic regression showed that gender, occupation and education level have an impact on the compliance of salt reduction behavior controlling for the effect of other variables（P<0.05）. Personal taste, salt reduction knowledge and attitude towards low-salt diet have an impact on salt reduction behavior compliance while controlling for the effect of personal general conditions（P<0.05）. Physician intervention could reinforce salt-reduction behavior in residents. The health education of medical personnel could not only enhance the salt-reduction behavior and awareness of hypertensive patients，but also strengthen the supervision of family members. Through enhancing family members' salt-reduction behavior and awareness，and finally promoting salt reduction among residents. Supervision by family members in daily life can strengthen salt-reduction behavior of the residents. SMASH had formulated policies involved in the project promoting，catering industry，food industry and health education about salt-reduction，which playing very important role in creating strong salt-reduction environment. The salt-restriction spoon was the most important low-salt product in affecting residents' salt-reduction behavior，while the impact of low-salt food and low-sodium salt in reducing salt intake was weakened because of the poor accessibility. Mass media promotion was the main way for residents to obtain information on salt reduction. Television and promotion in public places were the more visible forms of mass communication currently. Conclusion Attitude towards low-salt diet and knowledge are predisposing factors of residents' salt-reduction behavior. Exhortation of doctors and reminding from family members were reinforcing factors，which can help residents to start out reducing salt intake and also reinforcing salt-reduction behavior. The salt-reduction environment was created by policies regarding salt-reduction and mass communication，products regarding salt restriction were essential tools for reducing salt intake，which are enabling factors.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Speech-like vocalizations are sounds that resemble adult speech and are the precursor for subsequent language development. The current study explored the relationship between vocalizations and language in typically developing infants and young children with language disorders, specifically the quantity of vocalizations, phonological quality of vocalizations, and the communicative quality of vocalizations. The quantity of vocalizations, the total number of vocalizations, predicts expressive language, but inconsistently predicts receptive language development. The phonological quality of vocalizations is measured through four indicators, of which the proportion or frequency of vocalizations with a canonical syllable, consonant inventory and diversity of key consonants used in communication predict expressive language, while the age at canonical babbling onset inconsistently predicts age of word onset and expressive vocabulary size. The communicative quality of vocalizations, including the number of communication acts with a vocalization and proportion of communicative vocalizations, predicts expressive language.Three mechanisms explain how speech-like vocalizations may predict future language ability: speech-like vocalizations provide the basis for language production, create optimal learning states for language learning, and promote socially contingent responses. The first mechanism emphasizes the foundations of speech-like vocalizations, i.e., they provide the phonological basis for early vocabulary and the functional flexibility for language. The second mechanism emphasizes the influence of speech-like vocalizations on children’s own language learning status, i.e., speech-like vocalizations indicate that the child is in an attentional state that facilitates learning, speech-like vocalizations help the child’s speech perception, and reflects the child’s motivation to actively participate in social interactions. The third mechanism emphasizes the social function of speech-like vocalizations, i.e., children elicit responses from social partners through speech-like vocalizations, which provide contingent, scaffolding support, and didactic information. All three mechanisms contribute to the transition of children’s speech-like vocalizations to language.Many studies have investigated the correlation between speech-like vocalizations and language ability, and future studies may consider exploring the causal relationship between speech-like vocalizations and language development. For example, a speech-like vocalization intervention for children with language disorders could be used to examine its causal relationship with language. The relationship between language ability and speech-like vocalizations may be influenced by factors such as cognition, age and degree of impairment in children with language disorders, and the moderating effects of these factors may be investigated in the future. Different criteria for speech-like vocalization indicators and language testing methods may also influence this prediction, and controlling for the role of these two factors is one of the directions for future research. Future research could also investigate individual differences among children with language disorders, and explore if specific speech-like vocalizations of children with different language disorders are uniquely predictive of future language in order to better implement interventions. How the dynamic interaction between children’s speech-like vocalizations and social responses promotes their transition to language is another question worthy of exploration, especially the longitudinal exploration of children’s vocal development and social responses during interaction.
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：当前,传统媒体正在积极开展融媒中心建设,有较成功的典型,也有举步维艰的案例。在互联网飞速发展的今天,在15秒短视频横行的年代,城市台融媒体建设遇到了怎样的瓶颈?融媒体中心建设应遵循怎样的原则?在具体的转型发展过程中,各城市台又该如何认清自我,选准定位,走出一条有特色的融媒发展路径呢?
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Previous empirical and theoretical studies hold different views on the stability and variability of well-being (or subjective well-being). Set-point theory holds that people can psychologically adapt to the ups and downs of objective environment, and the influence of objective environment on well-being can be neglected. The individual well-being usually maintains at a certain set-point level determined by genes or personality. Dynamic equilibrium theory (and its variant— subjective well-being homeostasis theory) further emphasizes that well-being usually keeps in equilibrium level based on stable personality traits or genes, and external stimulus such as life events will cause well-being to deviate from the equilibrium level for a short time. After a period of time, well-being will return to the set-point (range) and be in dynamic equilibrium. On the basis of dynamic equilibrium theory, hedonic adaptation theory considers from the perspective of emotional adaptation that the individual well-being usually keeps at a certain equilibrium level, and external stimulus or events may cause strong positive or negative emotions, but individuals will gradually adapt to this stimulus and their emotional response will gradually weaken, so that well-being will return to the initial equilibrium level. All three theories emphasize that well-being should be maintained at a certain equilibrium level. In contrast, sustainable well-being theory holds that the factors affecting well-being include genetic factors, environmental factors and intentional activities. It emphasizes that intentional activities can cause continuous changes in well-being, which can significantly improve well-being and maintain long-term effects. The essence of the difference between these theoretical perspectives lies in how the stability and variability of well-being are viewed. On the basis of the concepts of homeostasis and allostasis in biology and the concept of transition in physics, we firstly analyze the influencing factors, processes and mechanisms of the stability and variability of well-being from the perspective of homeostasis and transition. All four theories hold that genetic factors or emotional adaptation which are inherent in individuals, can explain the stability of well-being, environmental factors can cause short-term changes in well-being, and intentional activities can cause long-term changes in well-being. Set-point theory, dynamic equilibrium theory and hedonic adaptation theory hold that well-being usually maintains at a certain equilibrium level, the process of its stability and variability is similar to homeostasis, and the adjustment mechanism is negative feedback. Sustainable well-being theory emphasizes that intentional activities can make well-being form a new equilibrium state, and its process of stability and variability is similar to allostasis. Homeostasis occurs transition, causing well-being homeostasis to adjust. Its adjustment mechanism is positive feedback. Therefore, from the perspective of homeostasis, allostasis and transition, we believe that well-being is usually within a certain set-point range, and the external stimulus may make well-being temporary deviation from the equilibrium state, after a period of time, well-being will return to the original dynamic equilibrium state, but if it is affected by strong or continuous stimulation, well-being may deviate from the set-point range for a long time and form a new homeostasis. This integrated perspective provides a new explanation framework for well-being research and has enlightening implications for the continuous improvement of well-being.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： In this age of information, a variety of market information can be obtained and plenty of opportunities often appear. It is very important for investors to seize the opportunity, and it depends on whether they can hold the heuristic information, use and integrate the available information, then develop effective program to make decision timely. Successful investors can seize the heuristic information, distinguish between necessary and redundant information of market and integrate useful information becoming a profitable program which ordinary people are not easy to figure out. This process is creative. The study aims to explore this creative thinking mechanism of market information integration. The study tried to reveal the creative thinking mechanism in information integration of market by using the method of individual test and group test, supported by individual interviews, and carried out two experiments exploring how the quantity of information and the highlighting of key heuristic information affected decision-making results on business investment problem. The information used in experiments was from real market. In experiment Ⅰ, participants were divided into two groups, one group was asked to develop a program according to 6 necessary information, another group was asked to develop a program according to 6 necessary information and 14 redundant information. In experiment Ⅱ, participants were also divided into two groups, one group was asked to develop a program according to 6 necessary information and 6 dynamic redundant information, another group was asked to develop a program according to 6 necessary information and 6 static redundant information, and whether they had marked key heuristic information was randomly assigned to each group. The results of experiments showed that the more information provided to the participants, the larger the space of information integration problem, then the integration process was more difficult; when participants searched in the problem space, they needed to seize the key heuristic information to form an initial intention of thinking and make a clear direction for further search; after the formation of the initial intention was formed, participants needed to select necessary information, eliminate redundant information, and integrate all the information available, thus the initial intention was more refined, and eventually a profitable perfect investment program was formed. The study explored the creative thinking process of market information integration, and the findings of this study could try to apply for the training practice in human resource management. There is still much work to do for this study, including developing test materials, the discrimination of the materials, the effect of working memory capacity and perception.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-02-01
Abstract：
Speech-like vocalizations are sounds that resemble adult speech and are the precursor for subsequent language development. Studies have shown that the frequency of speech-like vocalizations, canonical syllable ratio, consonant diversity, and communicative vocalizations in young children predict expressive language, but factors that predict receptive language development remain unclear. Additionally, findings investigating whether babble onset predicts word onset are also mixed. To a certain extent, the predictive relationship between speech-like vocalizations and language development can be explained by three mechanisms: speech-like vocalizations provide the basis for language production, speech-like vocalizations create an optimal learning state for language learning, and speech-like vocalizations promote social behavior. Future research may consider exploring the causal relationship between speech-like vocalizations and language development, moderating effects of related factors on speech-like vocalizations in predicting language development, uniquely valuable speech-like vocalizations for children with language disorders, and the dynamic interaction between speech-like vocalizations and social responses.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology submitted time 2021-10-14
Abstract： Early identification and early intervention of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are critical to their developmental outcomes. Vocalizations are sounds produced by children before they learn to talk. Studies suggested that unusual nonspeech-like and speech-like vocalizations are potential early identification makers for children with ASD before the age of 2 years. The theoretical explanations for unusual vocalizations mainly include the motivation orientation theories, the neuromotor orientation theories, the perceptual orientation theory, and the social feedback orientation theory. Future research may consider in (1) exploring the possibility of unusual vocalizations as unique early identification markers for children with ASD, (2) strengthening the study of crying in early screening of children with ASD, (3) constructing an automatic learning classification model based on the strongest predictive acoustic parameters, (4) analyzing the influence of intrinsic and social motivation on speech-like vocalizations in children with ASD, and (5) investigating the neural mechanisms of unusual speech-like vocalizations. These evidence may be helpful for early identification and intervention of children with ASD."
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：水中可溶性离子的含量及各离子的比例关系是衡量水质的重要指标，但常用的方法不能同时反映这两种关系。Maucha图既可以反映8种主要阴、阳离子的总浓度，同时也可以指示各离子的相对浓度，兼顾了离子的绝对含量和相对含量，具有较强的实用性。但由于缺乏绘制Maucha图的专业软件，导致Maucha图在实际应用中受到很大限制。通过介绍Maucha图的演化过程，绘制Maucha图时建立坐标系及确定Maucha图各组成部分坐标值的方法，并阐述了基于Matlab语言实现Maucha图计算机输出的编程流程。最后以内蒙古浑善达克沙地东部地区为例，说明了Maucha图在天然水体水化学分析中的应用。该应用表明，Maucha图在反映样品矿化度、指示各离子的相对浓度和绝对浓度、判断水体水化学类型及水化学数据空间分析等方面均具有较强的优势，能显著提高水化学数据的可视化表达能力，丰富水化学图在水文地质中的应用，并为水化学数据更深层次的分析提供参考依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-10 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：浑善达克沙地东部地区位于内蒙古高原，其天然水体为淡水。利用原始型Durov三线图对其天然水体进行水化学分类，结果表明，地表水水化学类型属于碳酸氢盐组，而地下水属于碳酸氢盐组、混合组和硫酸盐组多种类型。天然水体样品在Gibbs图中的分布表明，岩性控制是形成该地区天然水体水化学组成的主要因素，这种情况不同于我国西部和中部沙漠由于蒸发强烈而受控于蒸发-结晶作用的天然水体。天然水体的离子比例关系表明，地下水中蒸发盐岩和硅酸盐岩的风化程度较高，而碳酸盐岩风化程度低，这可能是由于地下水的水-岩作用时间长、二氧化碳供给不充分引起的；相反，由于水-岩作用时间短、二氧化碳供给充分，地表水中蒸发盐岩和硅酸盐岩的风化程度较低，而碳酸盐岩风化程度高。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-01-03 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Degraded document images have various degradation factors, such as page stains, ink bleed-through, and background texture. We propose a novel document image binarization algorithm based on background estimation and U-Net. The algorithm first performs image contrast enhancement, and estimates the document background via morphological closing operations. We then adopt a fully convolutional network, namely the U-Net, to extract the foreground text from the document background. Finally, the global optimal thresholding method is used to obtain the resulting binary image. The proposed technique has been extensively evaluated over the recent DIBCO benchmark datasets. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms other state-of-the-art document image binarization algorithms in terms of F-measure, pseudo F-measure, PSNR and DRD, with 5.58%、2.47%、0.86dB and 1.19%.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-01-03 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Aiming at the problems of log detection accuracy and long delay of DDoS(Distributed Denial-of-Service) attacks in the software definition networks, This paper proposed a real time DDoS security system of software definition networks based on kernel functions. Firstly, it abstracted the packet header fields of software definition networks periodly, and formed the abstracted information as matrices; then, it adopted the Mahalanobis distance to analyze the significant change of continuous feature vectors, and it designed two kernel functions to evaluate the behavior flows of attacks; lastly, the attackers are identified by the spectral clustering technique and the covariance statistical information. Experimental results based on the real software definition networks show that the proposed security system realizes a good detection accuracy, and performs a reasonable processing time.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验主要研究了德氏乳酸菌（Lactobacillus delbrueckii）对黄河鲤（Cyprinus carpio Huanghe var.）皮肤黏液中免疫和抗氧化指标以及皮肤中抗菌肽基因表达的影响。将初重为(15.0±0.5） g的450尾黄河鲤随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复30尾。3组试验鱼分别投喂含德氏乳酸菌0（对照组）、1×105、1×106、1×107和1×108 CFU/g的饲料，饲养8周后，采集皮肤黏液和皮肤，测定皮肤黏液中免疫和抗氧化指标以及皮肤中抗菌肽基因[肝表达抗菌肽1(Leap-1)和肝表达抗菌肽2（Leap-2）]的相对表达量。结果显示：1×106和1×107 CFU/g德氏乳酸菌组皮肤黏液中溶菌酶（LYZ）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及补体3（C3）、补体4（C4）含量均显著高于对照组（P0.05）。皮肤黏液中酸性磷酸酶（ACP）活性各组之间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。1×106 CFU/g德氏乳酸菌组皮肤黏液中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05），1×105、1×106和1×107 CFU/g德氏乳酸菌组皮肤黏液中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。各试验组皮肤中抗菌肽基因Leap-1和Leap-2的相对表达量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05），其中以1×107 CFU/g德氏乳酸菌组最高。结果表明，饲料中添加1×106～1×107 CFU/g的德氏乳酸菌能够提高黄河鲤皮肤的免疫功能和抗氧化能力，并能上调抗菌肽基因的表达。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Hydrology submitted time 2018-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract： 水化学分类是实现水资源可持续开发利用的重要前提之一。Durov三线图作为主要的水化学分类图因绘制复杂而限制了其在现实中的应用，且一些常见的水化学软件也不具备绘制Durov三线图的功能。Durov三线图包括原始型Durov三线图及在其基础上演变而成的扩展型Durov三线图。本文详细介绍了两种Durov三线图的差异、组成特征和投影原理，提出了在Durov三线图中建立坐标系的方法，并推导了将水化学数据投影到Durov三线图的公式。在此基础上，本文阐述了基于Matlab语言编程实现原始型Durov三线图和扩展型Durov三线图的方法和流程，并以公开发表的数据绘制了两种Durov三线图。基于相同的数据比较发现，相关水化学软件绘制的原始型Durov三线图及一些公开发表的研究成果中的扩展型Durov三线图与本文所用Matlab语言绘制的Durov三线图相一致，表明该程序准确可行。本程序既可以实现原始型Durov三线图的绘制，也可以实现常见水化学软件不能完成的扩展型Durov三线图的绘制。该程序的应用，将有助于Durov三线图的高效应用，特别是扩展型Durov三线图的应用不但可以作为水化学分类的依据，同时还可以指示某些水化学过程。
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment
YES