Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：融媒体时代的到来使数据新闻成为现实,大数据的不断发展使新闻逐渐成为一种潮流。5G技术的发展使新闻行业具有更广阔的发展前景,5G技术可以承载更高速、更庞大的数据流,推动着融媒体的改革。然而,5G时代不仅带来了机遇,也使我们面对更多挑战,对内容、人才等不同方面都提出了要求,我们要把握5G带来的机遇,基于可视化数据改革融媒体,让融媒体焕发不一样的生机。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-04-16 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：生态移民是西部乡村振兴及区域生态保护与修复的有效途径之一，探究生态移民空间迁移 特征与生态影响，有助于区域减贫和生态文明建设以典型的西北干旱生态移民搬迁区域为例， 从县域空间视角出发，通过计算土地利用转移矩阵、动态度、利用归一化植被指数（Normalized dif⁃ ference vegetation index，NDVI）和植被恢复度（Vegetation restoration degree，VRD）等方法，系统分析 20102018年古浪县生态移民空间迁移和植被恢复的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）20102018 年生态移民空间迁移特征表现为地势由高到低、坡度由陡到缓，交通导向和空间聚集，共计移民 6.24104人，占全县常住人口的20.20%。（2）20102018年研究区NDVI在时空上呈现南部迁出地持续增长,北部迁入地先降后升的V型趋势。整体移民区 NDVI 最小值从 0.10 增至 0.15，增加50.00%、NDVI最大值从0.52增至0.72，增加38.46%；移民安置区NDVI最小值从0.10减至0.09，减 少10.00%、NDVI最大值从0.66增至0.72，增加9.09%。（3）研究区NDVI平均值和VRD呈现持续快 速上升趋势，生态移民对生态环境保护效果显著。其中，南部整体移民区保护效果最为明显，其 NDVI平均值从0.19增至0.42，增加121.05%，VRD从0.26增至0.75，增加188.46%。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-08-14 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的/意义] 独立性是智库的核心价值之一，本身具有复杂性和相对性，难以进行量化。目前国内对智库独立性的研究较少，需要进一步讨论。 [方法/过程] 本文通过对美国、英国、日本3国智库独立性及保持独立性方面的举措进行比较分析，阐述我国现阶段智库独立性建设存在的问题，并提出相应建议。［结果/结论］我国在建设中国特色新型智库过程中需要推动各类智库协调发展，完善智库登记管理的相关法律法规，引导企业和个人向智库捐款，加强对各类智库的监督管理。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-11-29 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： The existing routing protection schemes do not consider the importance of nodes in the network; however, the importance of different nodes in the network is not the same in real networks. To solve this problem, this paper proposed an intra-domain routing protection algorithm based on node diversity (RPBND) . Firstly, the computing node constructed a shortest path tree rooted at the destination node, which ensured the compatibility between the RPBND and the current deployment intra-domain routing algorithm. Then, it builded a directed acyclic graph on the basis of the shortest path tree, which maximized the Internet routing availability. The experiment results show that RPBND greatly improves the Internet routing availability and reduces the network disruption time caused by the faults, which provides the sufficient basis for ISPs to deploy the intra-domain routing protection scheme.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： The signal interference problem in this high-density deployment of Wi-Fi like banks, offices, mall, it is the pain point restricts user experience and network quality. Firstly, studied the interference detection technology, and proposing an interference level evaluation model to recognize and measure the interference of Wi-Fi nodes. Then, put forward the strategy of "tolerance & avoidance" and the tolerance policy bases on the capture effect theory and wireless resource management technology. It improved the quality of data communication under interference condition. The collision avoidance strategy adopted the local channel self-coordination algorithm and the decentralized distributed architecture to solve the conflict problem in the homogeneous interference. Finally, it implemented the mechanism WifiAAS. Test results show it can improve the performance of 10% and not too expenses.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] In the study of user profile based on social network, aiming at the problems that traditional user modeling is difficult to deal with the complex network relationship, group construction is mostly based on content, and the group is low similarity or poor tightness, a construction method of group profile based on network structure and text content is proposed.[Method/process] Firstly, using the convolutional neural network method, the network structure and the text content are combined to represent the network user as a space vector. Secondly, based on the k-means algorithm, the modularity calculation method is combined to cluster the space vector. In the crawled Chinese and English datasets, a comparative study is conducted. Finally, 1000 important users are selected from the Chinese dataset for instance analysis.[Result/conclusion] The experimental results show that the density value of this method is increased by 0.105 compared with the content-based method, and the entropy value decreases by 0.955 on average compared with the structure-based (including structure-based and content-based) method. The instance analysis further illustrates the feasibility of the proposed method.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Most previous research has adopted the angle from the ostracized employees and studied the impact of workplace ostracism on them. However, at least two more parties are involved in workplace ostracism. They are the ostracizers and third parties. These parties should have significant influence on the emergence and development of workplace ostracism. Unfortunately, these two parties are seldom included in extant literature. This leads to a restricted theoretical understanding of the whole picture of workplace ostracism. Based on social balance theory, we argue that workplace ostracism is the result of interactions among the ostracized employees, the ostracizers and third parties. Thus, it is essential to explore how the characteristics of the ostracizers, moral judgments of third parties, and the specific interactions among the three parties can impact the emergence and development of workplace ostracism. By presenting such a comprehensive picture with multiple players and their interactions, we can provide a theoretical framework that reflects more accurately the reality and thus suggest better practical implications concerning how workplace ostracism in organizations can be reduced and managed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： The event-related potential (ERP) technique was used to investigate whether there are different neural responses to musical emotion when the same melodies are presented in the voice and instrumental timbre such as the violin. With a crossmodal affective priming paradigm, target faces were primed by affectively congruent or incongruent vocal and instrumental music. Participants were asked to judge whether the prime-target pair was affectively congruent or incongruent. The results revealed a larger late positive component (LPC) at the time window of 473~677 ms in response to affectively incongruent versus congruent trials in the vocal version, whereas a larger N400 effect at the time window of 281~471 ms was observed in the instrumental version. These results indicate differential patterns of neurophysiological responses to emotion processing of vocal and instrumental music.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2020-03-01
Abstract： The event-related potential (ERP) technique was used to investigate whether there are different neural responses to musical emotion when the same melodies are presented in the voice and instrumental timbre such as the violin. With a crossmodal affective priming paradigm, target faces were primed by affectively congruent or incongruent vocal and instrumental music. Participants were asked to judge whether the prime-target pair was affectively congruent or incongruent. The results revealed a larger late positive component (LPC) at the time window of 473~677 ms in response to affectively incongruent versus congruent trials in the vocal version, whereas a larger N400 effect at the time window of 281~471 ms was observed in the instrumental version. These results indicate differential patterns of neurophysiological responses to emotion processing of vocal and instrumental music.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics Subjects: Energy Science >> Energy Science （General） submitted time 2017-03-22 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：为了深入分析淹没水射流流动特征，综合采用数值模拟和流场测量进行研究。数值模拟应用基于S-A模型的DES方法，并通过圆柱绕流验证数值方法的有效性；流场测量采用粒子图像测速技术。研究表明：采用的数值模拟方案可以准确预测圆柱的升力系数、阻力系数和尾流中旋涡脱落的斯特劳哈数；模拟和实验获得的射流速度沿轴向和径向的衰减规律吻合；模拟获得的射流半值宽度线的斜率小于实验结果，主要是由于对剪切层厚度的预测不足所致；在垂直于射流束横截面上，涡量呈现双峰分布；射流的涡量随着射流发展呈总体衰减趋势。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Space Physics submitted time 2016-04-22
Abstract： In the measurement of space particle， the interference caused by the particles is an important factor of the measure accuracy decline in the space particle detection， Anti-coincidence cup technology is an important means to eliminate particle interference. The paper introduces the origin of spatial interference particles and theory of anti-coincidence cup measuring system.An output pulse readout circuit based on A225F is designed， achieving in reshaping the quasi-Gaussian waveform at a high counting rate.The details of the application of A225F is described in the paper.The simulation and experimental results prove the reasonableness of the design.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Chinese sacrificial culture has a long history, which can be traced back to the pre-Qin era, and sacrificial vessels are responsible for the beliefs of the sacrificial participants. Based on the Imperial Assembly Graph of Qing Dynasty and the Ritual Vessel Schema of the Imperial Dynasty, this paper builds a knowledge graph of sacrificial vessels of the Qing Dynasty which promotes the digital development process of archival documents in Qing Dynasty and solves the situation of dispersing and difficultly utilizing of archival documents related to sacrificing in the Qing Dynasty. [Method/process] In this paper, the knowledge graph related method was adopted to construct the ontology model of sacrificial vessels of the Qing Dynasty through knowledge modeling. The entities, attributes and relationships in the Imperial Assembly Graph of Qing Dynasty and the Ritual Vessel Schema of the Imperial Dynasty were sorted out and extracted by knowledge acquisition. RDF triples were used for knowledge representation of sacrificial vessel knowledge in Qing Dynasty and knowledge fusion of sacrificial vessel knowledge from different sources in Qing Dynasty was carried out. Finally, knowledge of sacrificial rituals in Qing Dynasty was stored by RDF data model, and the knowledge graph of Qing Dynasty sacrificial vessels was constructed and this paper discovered knowledge by retrieving the knowledge graph. [Result/conclusion] It is found that the knowledge association of sacrificial vessels in Qing Dynasty can be clearly presented through the visualization of knowledge graph. Query with SPARQL can find that the color of sacrificial vessels in Qing Dynasty had a specific meaning, which indirectly related to the sacrificial places.
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2017-07-24 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》
Abstract：对香豆酸（p-coumaric acid）作为苯丙素类物质、芪类物质以及黄酮类物质的重要前体化合物，在生物医药、化妆品以及食品工业中均有广泛的应用价值。以酿酒酵母作为底盘菌株，利用合成生物学原理构建一株高产对香豆酸的人工酵母细胞。通过对比不同拷贝数的酪氨酸解氨酶（Tyrosine ammonia lyase, TAL）合成的对香豆酸产量，发现随着基因拷贝数的增加对香豆酸的产量也相应提高，高拷贝数的TAL有利于对香豆酸的积累；同时对酪氨酸的负反馈调控基因进行氨基酸定点突变得到ARO4K229L和ARO7G141S，利用delta位点将突变后的基因整合至酵母基因组，并挑取24株构建成功的酵母细胞进行发酵验证，发现菌株最高产量与最低产量相差28.87 mg/L；为了进一步增加对香豆酸的代谢通量，本研究对生成芳香醇类物质的旁路基因ARO10和PDC5进行敲除，发现同时敲除两个基因的菌株对香豆酸的产量最高，是敲除前产量的2.05倍（从42.71 mg/L到87.56 mg/L）；此外，通过设计前体酪氨酸的梯度添加实验，发现当添加1 mM的酪氨酸时，对香豆酸产量达到峰值174.57±0.30 mg/L，相较于未添加时提高了将近一倍。本研究通过运用合成生物学原理在酿酒酵母中实现了对香豆酸的高产，为后续的芪类化合物和黄酮类化合物生物合成奠定了基础。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-05-10 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea（OSA）often coexist，posing challenges in the management of blood pressure in these patients. A reliable and objective predictor is needed to anticipate the occurrence of hypertension and assess the status of blood pressure control in OSA patients，which would facilitate their blood pressure management. Objective To explore the correlation between red blood cell distribution width（RDW） and hypertension in patients with OSA. Methods A retrospective study was conducted at the Sleep Center of Peking University International Hospital，involving 510 patients who were diagnosed with OSA using polysomnography between January 2019 and September 2022. The derivation cohort comprised of 370 enrolled patients between January 2019 and December 2021，while the validation cohort included the remaining 140 patients enrolled between January and September 2022. Within the derivation cohort，patients were categorized into two groups based on their adherence to the definition of hypertension：hypertension group（n=211） and non-hypertension group（n=159）. Subsequently，the hypertension group was further divided into two subgroups：blood pressure control subgroup（n=107）and blood pressure uncontrolled subgroup（n=104）. The clinical characteristics and laboratory examination results of patients in the hypertension group and non-hypertension group，as well as those in the blood pressure control subgroup and blood pressure uncontrolled subgroup，were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate the predictors of hypertension in OSA patients and the status of blood pressure control in OSA patients with combined hypertension. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was plotted to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of RDW in predicting the occurrence of hypertension among OSA patients，with its validity confirmed in the validation cohort. Results The multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased BMI（OR=1.087，95%CI=1.007-1.174，P=0.032），diabetes（OR=3.310，95%CI=1.484-7.380，P=0.003），and a decreased RDW（OR=0.598，95%CI=0.507-0.704，P<0.001）were independent predictors of hypertension in OSA patients. Furthermore，an increased hemoglobin level（OR=1.027，95%CI=1.005-1.050，P=0.016） and a decreased RDW（OR=0.804，95%CI=0.669-0.965，P=0.019） were identified as independent predictors of poor blood pressure control status in OSA patients with combined hypertension. The results of ROC curve analysis for RDW in predicting hypertension in OSA patients showed that the area under the ROC curve was 0.779（95%CI=0.732-0.826，P<0.001），with an optimal cut-off value identified at 39.9 fL. Considering the clinical usability，when using an RDW ≤ 40 fL as the threshold value，the sensitivity and specificity for predicting hypertension in OSA patients were 70.14% and 81.76%，respectively. The validation cohort， utilizing an RDW cutoff value of ≤ 40 fL，demonstrated that RDW predicted the hypertension in OSA patients with a sensitivity of 63.64% and a specificity of 80.95%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.757（95%CI=0.678-0.835， P<0.001）. Conclusion The reduction of RDW is associated with the occurrence of hypertension and poor blood pressure control status in patients with OSA. OSA patients exhibiting decreased RDW level are at an elevated risk for hypertension.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Carbon sequestration is among the main functions of terrestrial ecosystem services, and the carbonsequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems directly affects global carbon emissions and climate changeprocesses. Human activities directly influence land use and cover change, consequently affecting the carbonsequestration function of ecosystems. The terrestrial ecosystem services in dry and cold regions are morevulnerable and significantly impacted by human activities. Therefore, utilizing land use data from the Irtysh RiverBasin in the Altai Mountains from 2000 to 2020, the InVEST model was used to estimate and analyze the spatialdistribution of carbon stocks in the basin during different periods. Subsequently, the influence of human activitieson the spatial distribution of carbon stocks was discussed. The results show the following: (1) The main land usetypes in the basin are woodland, grassland, and unused land, and the land use pattern changed significantly from2000 to 2020. Cultivated land, urban and rural land, industrial and mining land, and residential land expandedcontinuously, increasing by 2619.35 km2 and 186.68 km2, respectively. Grassland and water areas initiallydecreased and then expanded, increasing by 4725.13 km2 and 33.47 km2, respectively. Meanwhile, forest land andunused land decreased continuously by 2328.88 km2 and 5237.76 km2, respectively. (2) During this period, thespatial distribution pattern of carbon stocks in the basin was similar and showed a zonal distribution. High-valueareas were distributed in high- altitude regions where grassland and woodland were clustered, while low- valueareas were distributed in low-altitude regions where unused land was clustered. In 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020the total carbon storage in the basin was 641.60 Tg, 645.78 Tg, 646.83 Tg, 650.28 Tg, and 665.91 Tg,respectively , with an annual growth rate of 0.95%, showing an upward trend. (3) The areas in the basin wherecarbon storage decreased or increased showed a spot- like distribution. Furthermore, carbon storage reductionmainly occurred through the conversion of grassland to unused land and cultivated land, with an average annualreduction of 58.81 Tg. The increase in carbon storage primarily resulted from the conversion of unused land intocultivated land and grassland, with an average annual increase of 64.82 Tg. From 2000 to 2020, the netsequestration of carbon storage exceeded the net release, indicating an increasing carbon sequestration capacity inthe Irtysh River Basin. Overall, the reclamation of land and grass due to human activities is the main reason forthe increase in carbon storage in the basin. However, it is necessary to coordinate the development and utilizationof water and soil resources, as this will guarantee not only an increased carbon sink but also the preservation ofthe carrying capacity of water and soil resources, ultimately achieving sustainable economic development in theIrtysh River Basin. The results of this study will help to promote the carbon cycle of the basin and the carbonsequestration capacity of the ecosystem, as well as provide a scientific basis for the establishment andmanagement of the basin carbon pool.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] General readers encounter barriers in reading Chinese ancient books (CABs) caused by problems of access restrictions, ancient Chinese comprehension, professional knowledge, specific culture background in which they were written, and insufficient motivations of reading CABs. This research aims to use Virtual Reality (VR) technology to resolve (or mitigate) these barriers in order to promote CAB reading and culture dissemination.[Method/process] This research firstly analyzed theories in the filed of cognitive science and education technology through literature review, and then proposed VR CAB design principles and theoretical model. The VR CAB prototype is based on one case study research was developed and tested by laboratory test. A filed experiment was undertaken to evaluated VR CAB to proof the usefulness of design principles and theoretical model.[Result/conclusion] The contributions of this research are:①the design principles for VR CAB system; ②a theoretical model for the VR CAB system; ③the first ever prototype of a VR CAB system; ④the theory of using the VR CAB design. These contributions are very helpful for both academic researchers wanting to enter this complex interdisciplinary field as well as industry and practitioners wanting to apply these models on commercial applications.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2022-06-06 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： The Aquila optimizer (AO) , although capable of robust global exploration, had problems with inadequate local development. In the study, a differential evolution mutation and tangent flight Aquila optimizer (DEtanAO) was proposed. Firstly, the mutation operation in the differential evolution algorithm can make the algorithm have strong development ability and make up for the shortcomings of the AO algorithm. Then, the tangent flight strategy in the tangent search algorithm has a strong ability to explore the search space and can make the algorithm jump out of the local optimal solution, which is used to replace the Levy flight in the AO algorithm. The combination of these two strategies effectively balanced the exploration and exploitation stage of the DEtanAO algorithm. Finally, in order to verify the optimization performance of the DEtanAO algorithm, the optimization ability of the improved algorithm was tested in 12 standard benchmark functions, high-dimensional functions, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and engineering optimization problems. The results showed that the optimization ability and convergence speed of the DEtanAO algorithm was better, compared with other newly proposed intelligent algorithms.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-07-23 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： As the limitations of the single classifier on traffic accident severity, an ensemble approach is proposed for improving the prediction performance. Using CNNs to extract the features from the spatial dimension, getting an ensemble approach with XGBoost and CNN by stacking (multi-level boosting algorithm) . The predicting precision of the approach is 91.51% on the validation set. In comparison with the single classification model, the result of the experiment shows a better performance. For providing useful information for reducing the number of traffic accidents and downgrading the severity of traffic accident, the paper gives out a correlation analysis by sorting the features based on the predictions.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-27 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) on the testicular gene expression profile in the testis of mice. Methods Twenty male C57BL/6j mice were randomly divided into normal control group (fed with maize oil) and 3 OCDD groups treated with OCDD by gavage for 30 days at low-, moderate-, and high doses of 1.25�0 -6 , 1.25 �0 -5 , and 1.25 �0 -4 g/mL, respectively (8 mL/kg daily). The testicular gene expression profiles of the mice were investigated using gene chip technique and compared between OCDD-exposed groups and the control group. Results Compared with the control group, the mice in low-dose OCDD group showed 1133 differentially expressed genes, including 659 up-regulated and 474 down-regulated ones; in the moderate-dose OCDD group, 978 genes were differentially expressed,including 487 up-regulated and 491 down-regulated ones; in the high-dose group, 895 genes were differentially expressed,including 424 up-regulated and 471 down-regulated ones. Conclusion The effect of sub-chronic exposure to OCDD on testicular gene expression profiles in male C57BL/6j mice indicates that the testis is probably the target organ of OCDD.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Music and language are unique to the human beings. It has been suggested that music and language have a common origin as an emotional protolanguage. The development of socialisation has resulted in the development of language into a symbolic communication system with explicit semantics. By contrast, music has become an important means of emotional expression. However, whether language with explicit semantics affects the emotional processing of music remains uncertain. Given that songs contain melody and lyrics, previous behavioural studies have focused on songs to analyse the influence of lyrics on the processing of musical emotion. However, several studies have also shown the influence of lyrics, although such findings are relatively contradictory.Thus, the current study used behavioural and electrophysiological measurements to investigate the impact of lyrics on the processing of musical emotion. Experiment 1 analysed whether the emotional connotations in music with and without lyrics could be perceived by listeners at the behavioural level. Experiment 2 further investigated whether there are different neural responses to emotions conveyed by melodies with and without lyrics.A cross-modal affective priming paradigm was used in Experiments 1 and 2, in which musical excerpts served as the prime and emotional faces as target. To avoid the impact of familiarity, 120 musical stimuli were selected from European opera. Each was sung by a vocalist with and without lyrics, thereby resulting in 240 musical stimuli in two versions as potential prime stimuli. A total of 160 facial expressions affectively congruent or incongruent with the preceding musical stimuli were selected as potential target stimuli. Three pre-tests were conducted to ensure the validity of the stimuli. Eventually, 60 musical stimuli for each music version were selected as the prime stimuli, whilst 120 images were used as the target stimuli, thereby resulting in 240 music-image pairs. To ensure that each stimulus appears only once for each participant, two lists were prepared using a Latin square design. Each prime and target was presented in either the congruent or incongruent condition within each list. Thus, each list comprised 120 trials, with 30 trials in each condition. During the experiment, the two lists were equally distributed across the participants. A total of 40 healthy adults participated in Experiment 1. They were asked to judge as quickly and accurately as possible whether the emotion of the target was happy or sad. The accuracy and reaction time were collected. Meanwhile, 20 healthy adults participated in Experiment 2. They were required to judge whether the emotion between music and image was congruent or incongruent whilst their EEG waveforms were recorded. ERPs were analysed and compared between conditions at the time windows of 250~450 ms and 500~700 ms after the onset of the target.The Experiment 1 results showed that when faces were primed by music either with or without lyrics, the participants responded faster and more accurately under affectively congruent condition compared with affectively incongruent condition. This finding indicated that the emotional connotations in music with and without lyrics could both be perceived. The ERP results in Experiment 2 showed that distinct neural mechanisms were activated by music with and without lyrics. Specifically, when faces were primed by music without lyrics, a larger N400 was elicited in response to affectively incongruent pairs than to affectively congruent pairs at the time window of 250~450 ms. However, when faces were primed by music with lyrics, a more positive LPC was observed in response to the affectively incongruent pairs than to the affectively congruent pairs at 500~700 ms. This finding confirms the results of Experiment 1, thereby suggesting that the emotion conveyed by music with and without lyrics could be perceived by the listeners. Moreover, the emotional processing between music with and without lyrics differs in the time course of neural processing. That is, the emotional processing of music with lyrics lagged behind that of music without lyrics.In conclusion, the present results suggest that the neural processing of emotional connotations in music without lyrics preceded that of music with lyrics, although the emotional connotations conveyed by music with and without lyrics could both be perceived. These findings also supported theory of musical philosophy, which suggests that music without lyrics can express emotion more immediately and more directly than music with lyrics owing to the lack of “translation” from the propositional system. On the other hand, considering that lyrics influenced the time course of emotional processing in music with lyrics, our results also provide evidence that the emotional processing of music and language may share neural resources to some extent.
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