Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2023-12-11
Abstract： Growth mindset, the belief that one’s abilities can be improved through effort and learning, has attracted much attention from researchers in personality, social and developmental psychology. Thanks to large-scale surveys and randomized controlled field experiments around the world, growth mindset research has entered a new era of interdisciplinary, international and generalizable intervention research. However, as more evidence emerges, researchers have also noticed that the effects of growth mindsets vary across different situations. To address the issues of replicability and generalizability, mindsets × context theory proposes that growth mindsets are more beneficial when individuals face challenges or threats (vulnerability) and when the environment supports their learning and growth (psychological affordance). These insights offer new directions for designing and implementing growth mindset interventions. Future research should further investigate the mechanisms of psychological affordance and vulnerability, and develop tailored intervention programs for different groups, so that growth mindset interventions can effectively promote individual development and solve educational problems.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《知识管理论坛》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] By analyzing the research status of the academic life cycle, this paper analyzes problems and omissions in the current research, and puts forward the improvement direction and research points. [Method/process] After analyzing the feature and influence factors of the academic life cycle, this paper referred to the characteristics of the current research. [Result/conclusion] There are existing problems. First, the current research takes the qualitative analysis, lacking enough quantitative analysis. Second, it only takes the long term and single factor into consideration. Third, the current research ignores the difference among subjects. Last, there are bias and limitations during the sample selecting. This paper offers advice for the country, institutes and researchers by getting the law of researchers’ career, which comes from the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods with data analyses with the consideration of the difference of disciplines and the scientific research group.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-09-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Palliative care is one of the effective means to protect the rights of good death and improve the quality of life in end-stage patients. Palliative care in Singapore is developing rapidly and a comprehensive palliative service system has been gradually established，ranking in the top of Asia in the latest national quality of death ranking. This paper proposes that the social awareness，education and training of palliative care should be strengthened，the power of charities and NGOs should be utilized，the existing palliative care carrying capacity should be improved，palliative care related system and legal protection should be established in China，by sorting out the current situation of hospice care，the practical experience in public education，personnel training，charitable support，related policies and legal protection in Singapore，in order to achieve the hospice needs of end-stage patients.
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-06-15
Abstract： Awe is an emotional response to vast stimuli that challenge the current frames of reference and require a new schema to accommodate. A large body of empirical studies have highlighted that awe engenders various forms of prosocial behavior. Regarding the psychological mechanisms implicated, the small-self hypothesis posits that the vastness of stimuli that evokes awe elicits feelings of self-smallness, which diverts the individual's attention away from the self and towards others, thus promoting prosocial behavior; the authentic-self hypothesis suggests that awe helps to facilitate a shift in the individual's attention from regular mundane concerns to a larger spiritual presence, which stimulates the individual's pursuit of his or her authentic self, thus promoting prosocial behavior. These research hypotheses can be integrated within the 'Big Two' framework, which suggests that awe promotes prosocial behavior through two parallel paths in the dimension of agency (authentic self) and communion (small self). Future research needs to further explore the psychological mechanisms underlying the prosocial effects of awe and, on this basis, develop efficacious interventions to promote prosocial behavior, such as donations, in order to provide psychological strategies for the effective implementation of the third distribution strategy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Under the background of increasingly fierce competition in the field of digital governance around the world, it is very urgent and important to make scientific research and judgment on the pattern of digital governance. The article first explains how to understand the concept of digital governance and the pattern of digital governance. After reviewing the existing two perspectives of studies on the pattern of digital governance, this article provides a digital ecological perspective for studying the pattern of digital governance. It is found that the ecological perspective pays more attention to relevance, stratification, holism, aggregation, and dynamics. Thus, it extends the scope of research questions related to grasping the pattern of digital governance, and better captures the general characteristics of the digital era: more highly interconnected and more complexly interactive.This article also introduces the main methods and specific technical routes for studying the pattern of digital governance from the digital ecological perspective.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对哺乳仔猪血浆生化参数、粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠第85天的健康大白猪40头，随机分为2组，每组20头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。从母猪妊娠第85天开始饲喂至产后第21天结束。分别于仔猪7和21日龄，每组选取8窝仔猪，每窝选1头体重接近的仔猪，前腔静脉采血，测定血浆生化参数；采集新鲜粪便样品，测定其中微生物数量及短链脂肪酸、生物胺含量。结果表明：与对照组相比，试验组7日龄仔猪粪便中乙酸和色胺含量显著增加（P＜0.05），粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P＜0.05），粪便中亚精胺（P=0.068）和精胺（P=0.074）含量以及乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌（P=0.053）呈增加趋势；试验组21日龄仔猪血浆尿素氮和甘油三酯含量以及粪便中亚精胺和精胺含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，母猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可调控哺乳仔猪脂代谢和氮代谢相关血浆生化参数，减少肠道中大肠杆菌数量，增加肠道部分生物胺和乙酸含量，从而改善哺乳仔猪的肠道健康和生长发育。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对哺乳仔猪血浆生化参数、粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠第85天的健康大白猪40头，随机分为2组，每组20头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。从母猪妊娠第85天开始饲喂至产后第21天结束。分别于仔猪7和21日龄，每组选取8窝仔猪，每窝选1头体重接近的仔猪，前腔静脉采血，测定血浆生化参数；采集新鲜粪便样品，测定其中微生物数量及短链脂肪酸、生物胺含量。结果表明：与对照组相比，试验组7日龄仔猪粪便中乙酸和色胺含量显著增加（P＜0.05），粪便中大肠杆菌数量显著降低（P＜0.05），粪便中亚精胺（P=0.068）和精胺（P=0.074）含量以及乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌（P=0.053）呈增加趋势；试验组21日龄仔猪血浆尿素氮和甘油三酯含量以及粪便中亚精胺和精胺含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上所述，母猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可调控哺乳仔猪脂代谢和氮代谢相关血浆生化参数，减少肠道中大肠杆菌数量，增加肠道部分生物胺和乙酸含量，从而改善哺乳仔猪的肠道健康和生长发育。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同氮能比饲粮对妊娠环江香猪羊水和尿囊液生化参数的影响。选用首次妊娠环江香猪48头，随机分为2组，每组8个栏（重复），每个栏3头。配种后2组母猪分别饲喂高氮能比饲粮（消化能为14.73 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质含量为13.11%，氮能比为0.89）和低氮能比饲粮（消化能为12.24 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质含量为9.77%，氮能比为0.80），于妊娠第45、75和110天每栏取1头母猪屠宰，收集每窝中最大体重、中间体重和最小体重胎猪对应的羊水和尿囊液，测定生化参数。结果表明：在相同妊娠时间和相同标准体重条件下，与低氮能比饲粮组相比，高氮能比饲粮组尿囊液中妊娠75 d最小体重胎猪碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加（P<0.05），妊娠75 d中间、最小体重胎猪和妊娠110 d最小体重胎猪谷草转氨酶活性，妊娠45、75 d最大体重胎猪尿酸含量，妊娠45 d中间、最小体重胎猪和妊娠75 d最大体重胎猪肌酸激酶活性均显著降低（P<0.05）。与最小体重胎猪相比，高氮能比饲粮组妊娠45和75 d与低氮能比饲粮组妊娠45和110 d时最大体重胎猪羊水中白蛋白含量显著增加（P<0.05）。随着妊娠时间的延长，2个饲粮组胎猪羊水中尿素和尿酸含量以及尿囊液中尿酸含量逐渐增加。由上可见，高氮能比饲粮可通过调节羊水和尿囊液生化参数促进胎猪的生长发育；与中间、最小体重胎猪相比，最大体重胎猪对蛋白质的利用效率更高
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同氮能比饲粮对妊娠环江香猪羊水和尿囊液生化参数的影响。选用首次妊娠环江香猪48头，随机分为2组，每组8个栏（重复），每个栏3头。配种后2组母猪分别饲喂高氮能比饲粮（消化能为14.73 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质含量为13.11%，氮能比为0.89）和低氮能比饲粮（消化能为12.24 MJ/kg，粗蛋白质含量为9.77%，氮能比为0.80），于妊娠第45、75和110天每栏取1头母猪屠宰，收集每窝中最大体重、中间体重和最小体重胎猪对应的羊水和尿囊液，测定生化参数。结果表明：在相同妊娠时间和相同标准体重条件下，与低氮能比饲粮组相比，高氮能比饲粮组尿囊液中妊娠75 d最小体重胎猪碱性磷酸酶活性显著增加（P<0.05），妊娠75 d中间、最小体重胎猪和妊娠110 d最小体重胎猪谷草转氨酶活性，妊娠45、75 d最大体重胎猪尿酸含量，妊娠45 d中间、最小体重胎猪和妊娠75 d最大体重胎猪肌酸激酶活性均显著降低（P<0.05）。与最小体重胎猪相比，高氮能比饲粮组妊娠45和75 d与低氮能比饲粮组妊娠45和110 d时最大体重胎猪羊水中白蛋白含量显著增加（P<0.05）。随着妊娠时间的延长，2个饲粮组胎猪羊水中尿素和尿酸含量以及尿囊液中尿酸含量逐渐增加。由上可见，高氮能比饲粮可通过调节羊水和尿囊液生化参数促进胎猪的生长发育；与中间、最小体重胎猪相比，最大体重胎猪对蛋白质的利用效率更高
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪粪便微生物及其代谢产物的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近、妊娠第85天的健康大白猪40头，随机分为2个组，每组20头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。从母猪妊娠第85天开始饲喂至产后第21天结束。分别于母猪妊娠第100和112天以及产后第7、14和21天每组采集8头母猪的新鲜粪便样品，测定其粪便中微生物数量、短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和生物胺含量。结果表明：与对照组相比，1）饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加产后第7天母猪粪便中乳酸杆菌数量、乳酸杆菌/大肠杆菌和产后第21天粪便中厚壁菌数量（P<0.05）。2）饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加妊娠第100天母猪粪便中乙酸、异丁酸、支链脂肪酸和总SCFA含量（P<0.05），产后第7天粪便中戊酸、直链脂肪酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、支链脂肪酸和总SCFA含量（P<0.05），产后第21天粪便中丙酸、丁酸和直链脂肪酸含量（P<0.05）；显著降低产后第14天粪便中异戊酸含量（P<0.05）。3）饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌显著增加妊娠第100天母猪粪便中尸胺含量（P<0.05），妊娠第112天粪便中亚精胺和精胺含量（P<0.05），产后第14天粪便中尸胺、酪胺、亚精胺和精胺含量（P<0.05）。综上所述，围产期母猪饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可增加肠道中有益菌数量、部分生物胺和SCFA含量，对改善母猪的肠道健康和营养状况具有有益作用。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌对围产期母猪繁殖性能和子代生长的影响。试验选用2~4胎次、预产期相近的妊娠85 d的健康大白猪40头，随机分为2组，每组20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中添加250 g/t的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期为妊娠85 d至产后21 d。分别于母猪妊娠85、112 d和产后21 d测量母猪背膘厚并计算背膘损失。于产后1和21 d耳缘静脉采血，肝素抗凝，离心分离血浆，测定血浆生化指标。于产后1 d记录母猪的产仔数和产活仔数，并称取仔猪出生窝重。于产后21 d称取仔猪断奶窝重并计算断奶窝日增重；每天观察并记录每窝仔猪腹泻情况，计算腹泻率。结果表明：与对照组相比，饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对母猪繁殖性能无显著影响（P＞0.05），但显著降低了仔猪1~7 d和1~21 d腹泻率（P<0.05），显著增加了产后21 d母猪血浆免疫球蛋白M（IgM）含量（P<0.05），且产后1 d母猪血浆白蛋白（P=0.087）和IgM（P=0.096）含量以及产后21 d背膘厚（P=0.096）均呈增加趋势。综上所述，饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌制剂虽然不影响母猪繁殖性能，但可增强机体对蛋白质的利用和免疫力，降低仔猪腹泻率。
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