分类： 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间： 2024-07-29 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要： 全科医生的定位是社区的健康守门人，对签约及辖区内居民的健康情况有全面和持续的了解。全科医生不但需要有处理常见疾病的能力，也需要有识别和管理非常见疾病的能力。对于非常见疾病，全科医生面临两种挑战：一是部分非常见疾病的临床症状无特异性，当同时伴随基础疾病时，容易被社区全科医师漏诊。二是，罹患非常见疾病患者在上级医院诊治后回到社区时，全科医生对此类疾病知之甚少，缺乏综合管理的能力。作为全科医生，应该学会从生物、心理、社会、家庭等多种层面综合评估患者，促进疾病诊治及管理更加完善和全面。本文通过一例罕见的原发中枢神经系统淋巴瘤病例，该患者起病隐匿，通过全科医学科主导的多科室联合诊疗，经过手术、术后康复、疼痛管理和营养评定等逐渐好转，并制定家庭管理和后续治疗策略后离院，分享全科医学科通过“全专结合”管理非常见疾病的经验，以提升全科医生综合管理能力。
分类： 心理学 >> 认知心理学 提交时间： 2024-07-22
摘要： 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴是攻击行为产生发展的关键生理基础，其功能与攻击呈非线性关系模式，该非线性模式可能受环境调控并通过行为控制系统间接发挥作用。本研究对530名成年早期被试(初次测评Mage = 19.35 ± 1.59岁, 53.4%女生)进行间隔一年的追踪研究，采用多基因累加风险得分范式考察HPA轴基因与攻击间的非线性关系，并探索亲子关系的调节作用与冲动性的中介作用。结果发现：(1)亲子冲突而非亲子亲合能够调节HPA轴基因与攻击的非线性关系，当亲子冲突较多时，HPA轴基因与攻击呈U型关系，携带较多和较少高HPA轴活性相关等位基因的个体均具有更高的攻击行为；(2)冲动性在基因—环境交互与攻击行为间发挥中介作用，在亲子冲突较多时，HPA轴基因与冲动性之间亦呈现U型模式。本研究为发展精神病理学的“多因一果”现象提供了支持，并且为揭示神经生理应激系统影响攻击的复杂作用机制提供了新的研究视角。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 预防医学与公共卫生学 提交时间： 2024-07-29 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要： 背景我国经济与卫生事业协同作用随着发展逐渐凸显。基层卫生健康工作是保障人民群众健康的最前线，而提升基层医疗卫生服务能力是我国十四五时期乃至今后卫生事业的主要任务。2015—2020 年宁夏农村经济保持快速增长态势，对基层医疗卫生机构的投入力度不断加大。目的 研究宁夏基层医疗服务能力与区域经济发展的耦合协调及空间分布，并探索其驱动力。方法 通过构建宁夏基层医疗服务能力和区域经济发展评价指标体系，采用熵值法、耦合协调模型、地理探测器等对 2015—2020 年宁夏 22 个县（区）203 个乡镇卫生院服务能力与区域经济发展之间的协调性进行研究。结果宁夏区域经济综合评价指数高于基层医疗服务能力综合评价指数；两子系统的耦合协调度在时间序列上呈现上升态势，在空间布局上呈由南向北逐渐下降的分布格局；卫生资源、医疗服务量等因子成为驱动两系统协调发展的重要因子，区域经济因子逐渐弱化。结论宁夏基层医疗服务能力与区域经济的耦合协调度有较大的提升空间，区域间差异显著，需从加大卫生投入、强化医防融合等方面持续提升基层医疗服务能力；以区域经济高质量发展为着力点，逐步强化基层医疗服务水平，推动两系统协同发展。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 临床医学 提交时间： 2024-07-29 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要： 背景根据中医藏象学说中“肺与大肠相表里”理论，前期研究发现自拟中药清肺化瘀通腑方对脓毒症相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）具有积极治疗作用，但目前关于清肺化瘀通腑方治疗时机对脓毒症相关 ARDS患者临床疗效及预后影响的研究较少。目的 探索中药方剂清肺化瘀通腑方治疗脓毒症相关 ARDS 的最佳切入时机及其对治疗效果和预后的影响。方法 回顾性选择 2021—2023 年江苏省中医院重症医学科诊断为脓毒症相关 ARDS 且治疗过程中联合中药汤剂清肺化瘀通腑方治疗的 208 例患者。按照中药首次使用时间，确诊脓毒症相关 ARDS 48 h 内（包括 48 h）开始服用清肺化瘀通腑方患者为早期干预组；48 h 后开始服用清肺化瘀通腑方患者为晚期干预组。最终早期干预组 109 例，晚期干预组 85 例，失访患者 14 例。比较两组患者的临床疗效及预后。结果 早期干预组 28 d 全因病死率为 13.8%，低于晚期干预组的 29.4%（P=0.0014），且晚期干预组死亡风险为早期干预组的 2.11 倍（HR=2.11，95%CI=1.13~3.91，P=0.019）。早期干预组机械通气天数中位数为 12（8，23）d，少于晚期干预组的 27（13，35）d（P=0.035）。两组组内对比，治疗后氧合指数均较治疗前有所改善（P<0.001），C 反应蛋白、降钙素原、白细胞与本组治疗前比较均下降（P<0.05）。两组治疗后早期干预组氧合指数均数为（319.87±95.32），大于晚期干预组的（259.55±99.72）（P<0.001）。两组治疗后早期干预组 C 反应蛋白中位数为 19.39（8.16，44.47） mg/L，低于晚期干预组的 38.01（17.53，86.05） mg/L（P<0.001）。两组治疗后早期干预组降钙素原中位数为 0.175（0.089，0.75） ng/mL，低于晚期干预组的0.46（0.143，1.85） ng/mL（P=0.004）。结论 早期（确诊后 48 h 内）合理给予中药治疗脓毒症相关 ARDS 可减少患者 28 d 全因病死率及机械通气天数，改善患者氧合指数，减轻炎性反应。
分类： 医学、药学 >> 基础医学 提交时间： 2024-07-29 合作期刊: 《中国全科医学》
摘要： 背景 《国际疾病分类第十一次修订本（ICD-11）》的审议通过，首次将包括中医药在内的传统医学章节纳入其中。伤残权重（DW）是量化非致死性疾病和伤害对健康损失的权重系数，是衡量疾病负担的重要参数。目的 基于 ICD-11 传统医学章节，调查消渴病伤残权重，为中医疾病负担测算提供参考，为建立与国际标准相衔接并体现中医药卫生服务信息的统计网络奠定基础。方法 于2020-06-01—2021-06-01，运用视觉模拟法（VAS）在临床中医师、健康人群中进行消渴病各下位类伤残权重调查。运用带有VAS标尺的欧洲生命质量量表（EQ-5D-3L）在患者中进行伤残权重调查。并对调查结果进行专家意向论证。结果 对中医师调查的 VAS 权重显示，上消 0.300（0.185，0.380），中消 0.430（0.368，0.568），下消 0.585（0.510，0.738），消渴厥 0.725（0.660，0.908）。对患者调查的消渴病伤残权重显示，患者 VAS 转换权重为上消 0.310（0.225，0.373），中消 0.395（0.335，0.453），下消 0.445（0.360，0.513），消渴厥 0.590（0.550，0.698）；调查员赋值权重为上消 0.152（0.000，0.311），中消 0.240（0.000，0.275），下消 0.380（0.186，0.622），消渴厥 0.484（0.311，0.814）。对健康人调查的 VAS 权重显示上消 0.210（0.150，0.390），中消 0.345（0.260，0.510），下消 0.425（0.313，0.748），消渴厥 0.640（0.380，0.898）。各调查方式得到的上消、中消、下消、消渴厥伤残权重不同，差异有统计学意义（H=153.883、76.561、34.575、74.014，P<0.001）。上消、中消、下消、消渴厥的对中医师调查的 VAS 权重、患者 VAS 转换权重、调查员赋值权重、对健康人群调查的 VAS 权重比较，差异有统计学意义（H=10.543、35.692、19.924、16.327，P<0.05）。通过专家意向论证，认同了消渴病在标准化框架下按照上消、中消、下消、消渴厥的分类进行伤残权重测算的方法；定性认同了上消、中消、下消、消渴厥伤残权重逐渐加重；基本认同了对中医师调查的伤残权重。结论 初步探索了基于 ICD-11 传统医学章节以及中医国家标准，运用 VAS 法以及欧洲生命质量量表进行消渴病伤残权重调查的方法，为中医疾病负担测算提供了参考。研究结果通过了专家意向论证。广州市消渴病伤残权重较重，应重视因伤残导致的消渴病健康寿命年的损失，提升患者的生命质量。
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Polarization vectors of light traveling in a coiled optical fiber rotate around its propagating axis even in the absence of birefringence. This rotation was usually explained due to the Pancharatnam-Berry phase of spin-1 photons. Here, we use a purely geometric method to understand this rotation. We show that similar geometric rotations also exist for twisted light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM). The corresponding geometric phase can be applied in photonic OAM-state-based quantum computation and quantum sensing.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： How migratory birds can find the right way in navigating over thousand miles is an intriguing question, which much interested researchers in both fields of biology and physics for centuries. There several putative proposals that sound intuitively plausible all remain contested so far because those hypothesis-models of magnetoreceptor to sense geomagnetic field need either extremely high sensitivity or humankind-like intelligence to guide. Here we explore theoretically that the birds can navigate to their destination through an entirely new scenario to sense the geomagnetic field. Our proposal is based on separate peaks of the resonance-fluorescence spectrum of a four-level system derived from the ferric sulfide cluster which exists in a protein complex (Drosophila CG8198) of migratory birds. As the separation of spectral peaks contains information about geomagnetic field at both current location and birthland, the change of such separation cues the bird to choose a right direction to move and double-resonance emerges once arrived the destination. Our theoretical mechanism can explain previous experiments on the disorientation of migratory birds caused by oscillating magnetic field naturally and more precisely. This work provides insight to explain migratory navigation and motivates possible manmade practical devices.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We show that the time-averaged Poynting vector in parity-time (PT ) symmetric coupled waveguides is always positive and cannot explain the stopped light at exceptional points (EPs). In order to solve this paradox, we must accept the fact that the fields E and H and the Poynting vector in non-Hermitian systems are in general complex. Based on the original definition of the instantaneous Poynting vector, a formula on the group velocity is proposed, which agrees perfectly well with that calculated directly from the dispersion curves. It explains not only the stopped light at EPs, but also the fast-light effect near it. This investigation bridges a gap between the classic electrodynamics and the non-Hermitian physics, and highlights the novelty of non-Hermitian optics.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Traditional lasers function using resonant cavities, in which the round-trip optical path is exactly equal to an integer multiple of the intracavity wavelengths to constructively enhance the spontaneous emission rate. By taking advantage of the enhancement from the resonant cavity, the narrowest sub-10-mHz-linewidth laser and a $10^{-16}$-fractional-frequency-stability superradiant active optical clock (AOC) have been achieved. However, a laser with atomic spontaneous radiation being destructively inhibited in an anti-resonant cavity, where the atomic resonance is exactly between two adjacent cavity resonances, has not been reported. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate inhibited stimulated emission and termed it an inhibited laser. Compared with traditional superradiant AOCs, which exhibit superiority in terms of the high suppression of cavity noise, the suppression of the cavity-pulling effect of an inhibited laser can be further improved by a factor of $(2F/pi)^2$, i.e., 2.07 in this work, which was improved from 26 to 53 times. This study will guide further development of AOCs with better stability, and thus, it is significant for quantum metrology and may lead to new research in the laser physics and cavity quantum electrodynamics fields.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Resampling by interpolation is the traditional method to process sample in nonunform sampling Fourier transform spectrometer. Nonuniform discrete Fourier transform is an alternative to interpolation that has not been overlooked before. With the aid of experiment, we systematically compare the NUFFT method with resampling by interpolation FFT method in nonuniform sampling Fourier transform spectrometer. We found that NUFFT is comparable to interpolation in spectral profile and spectral noise levels and is better in spectral amplitudes. We also found that It has significant advantage in under-sampling and anti-aliasing property which is offered by the unique non-periodic nature of nonuniform sampling. It is faster and consumes less computer memory in our python implementation. Overall, we found that NUFFT is superior to traditional interpolation method with mostly better performances as well as additional capabilities.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Xiao Sun
Song Liang
Weiqing Cheng
Shengwei Ye
Yiming Sun
Yongguang Huang
Ruikang Zhang
Jichuan Xiong
Xuefeng Liu
John H. Marsh
Lianping Hou
摘要： We report an AlGaInAs multiple quantum well integrated source of polarization controlled light consisting of a polarization mode converter PMC, differential phase shifter(DPS), and a side wall grating distributed-feedback DFB laser. We demonstrate an asymmetrical stepped-height ridge waveguide PMC to realize TE to TM polarization conversion and a symmetrical straight waveguide DPS to enable polarization rotation from approximately counterclockwise circular polarization to linear polarization. Based on the identical epitaxial layer scheme, all of the PMC, DPS, and DFB laser can be integrated monolithically using only a single step of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy and two steps of III V material dry etching. For the DFB-PMC device, a high TE to TM polarization conversion efficiency 98% over a wide range of DFB injection currents is reported at 1555 nm wavelength. For the DFB-PMC-DPS device, a 60 degree rotation of the Stokes vector was obtained on the Poincar\'e sphere with a range of bias voltage from 0 V to -4.0 V at IDFB is 170 mA.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Light-matter coupling strength and optical loss are two key physical quantities in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED), and their interplay determines whether light-matter hybrid states can be formed or not in chemical systems. In this study, by using macroscopic quantum electrodynamics (mQED) combined with a pseudomode approach, we present a simple but accurate method which allows us to quickly estimate the light-matter coupling strength and optical loss without free parameters. Moreover, for a molecular emitter coupled with photonic modes (including cavity modes and plasmon polartion modes), we analytically and numerically prove that the dynamics derived from the mQED-based wavefunction approach is mathematically equivalent to the dynamics governed by the cQED-based Lindblad master equation when the Purcell factor behaves like Lorentzians.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： One of the fundamental challenges in nanophotonics is to gain full control over nanoscale optical elements. The precise spatiotemporal arrangement determines their interactions and collective behavior. To this end, DNA nanotechnology is employed as an unprecedented tool to create nanophotonic devices with excellent spatial addressability and temporal programmability. However, most of the current DNA-assembled nanophotonic devices can only reconfigure among random or very few defined states. Here, we demonstrate a DNA-assembled rotary plasmonic nanoclock. In this system, a rotor gold nanorod can carry out directional and reversible 360 degree rotation with respect to a stator gold nanorod, transitioning among 16 well-defined configurations powered by DNA fuels. The full-turn rotation process is monitored by optical spectroscopy in real time. We further demonstrate autonomous rotation of the plasmonic nanoclock powered by DNAzyme-RNA interactions. Such assembly approaches pave a viable route towards advanced nanophotonic systems entirely from the bottom-up.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) fluids are an exotic quantum matter dominated purely by quantum fluctuations. Recently, the three-dimensional LHY fluids were observed in ultracold atoms experiments, while their low-dimensional counterparts have not been well known. Herein, based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation of one-dimensional LHY quantum fluids in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates, we reveal analytically and numerically the formation, properties, and dynamics of matter-wave structures therein. Considering a harmonic trap, approximate analytical results are obtained based on variational approximation, and higher-order nonlinear localized modes with nonzero nodes are constructed numerically. Stability regions of all the LHY nonlinear localized modes are identified by linear-stability analysis and direct perturbed numerical simulations. Movements and oscillations of single localized mode, and collisions between two modes, under the influence of different initial kicks are also studied in dynamical evolutions. The predicted results are available to quantum-gas experiments, providing a new insight into LHY physics in low-dimensional settings.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： The key component of nanoplasmonics is metals. For a long time, gold and silver have been the metals of choice for constructing plasmonic nanodevices because of their excellent optical properties. However, these metals possess a common characteristic, i.e., their optical responses are static. The past decade has been witnessed tremendous interest in dynamic control of the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures. To enable dynamic functionality, several approaches have been proposed and implemented. For instance, plasmonic nanostructures can be fabricated on stretchable substrates or on programmable templates so that the interactions between the constituent metal nanoparticles and therefore the optical responses of the plasmonic systems can be dynamically changed. Also, plasmonic nanostructures can be embedded in tunable dielectric materials, taking advantage of the sensitive dependence of the localized surface plasmon resonances on the neighboring environment. Another approach, which is probably the most intriguing one, is to directly regulate the carrier densities and dielectric functions of the metals themselves.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We propose and study an efficient photonic CDE method using MZI-based coherent optical matrix multiplication. It improves the compensation performance by about 60% when the tap-length is limited, and only 50% taps of the theoretical value is needed for photonic CDE with 1-dB penalty.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
Mingming Feng
Baoqing Zhang
Haotian Ling
Zihao Zhang
Yiming Wang
Yilin Wang
Xijian Zhang
Pingrang Hua
Qingpu Wang
Aimin Song
Yifei Zhang
摘要： Plasma frequency is the spectral boundary for low-loss propagation and evanescent decay of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves, which corresponds to a high cut-off phenomenon and is typically utilized for identifying SPPs. At terahertz (THz) frequencies, a metal line with periodic metallic grooves can mimic the conventional optical SPPs, which is referred to as designer SPPs. Theoretically, the plasma frequency of THz SPPs decreases as the groove depth increases. Here, by replacing the metallic grooves with graphene sheets, dynamically sweeping SPP plasma frequency is demonstrated for the first time. The metal-graphene hybrid structure comprises a metal line with periodic graphene grooves, a thin-layer ion gel for gating graphene, and metallic tips for uniforming gate field. As the chemical potential changes, the average conductivity of graphene is modulated so that the effective depth of the graphene grooves changes, which sweeps the plasma frequency of THz SPPs consequently. Both simulated and experimental data demonstrate a red shift of plasma frequency from 195 to 180 GHz at a low bias from -0.5 to 0.5 V. The proposed structure reveals a novel approach to control the on/off status of SPP propagation in the THz range.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： Vortex beam carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) is disturbed by oceanic turbulence (OT) when propagating in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. Adaptive optics (AO) is used to compensate for distortion and improve the performance of the UWOC system. In this work, we propose a diffractive deep neural network (DDNN) based AO scheme to compensate for the distortion caused by OT, where the DDNN is trained to obtain the mapping between the distortion intensity distribution of the vortex beam and its corresponding phase screen representating OT. The intensity pattern of the distorted vortex beam obtained in the experiment is input to the DDNN model, and the predicted phase screen can be used to compensate the distortion in real time. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme can extract quickly the characteristics of the intensity pattern of the distorted vortex beam, and output accurately the predicted phase screen. The mode purity of the compensated vortex beam is significantly improved, even with a strong OT. Our scheme may provide a new avenue for AO techniques, and is expected to promote the communication quality of UWOC system.
分类： 光学 >> 量子光学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： An explanation for superluminal phenomena based on wave-particle duality of photons is suggested. A single photon may be regarded as a wave packet, whose spatial extension is its coherence volume. As a photon propagates as a wave train in vacuum, its velocity is just the speed of light. When it tunnels through a barrier as a particle, its wave function collapses and it will travel faster than light. Superluminal propagation can occur only within the coherence length and the time constrained by uncertainty principle. A massive particle cannot be superluminal during the tunneling process. So superluminality does not violate causality. As for the superluminal and negative group velocities in anomalously dispersive medium, they are merely reshaping effect of the pulse, and they will become subluminal at large distances. A couple of experiments are proposed to test the superluminal phenomena.
分类： 天文学 >> 天文学 提交时间： 2023-02-19
摘要： We present a novel simulation-based hybrid emulator approach that maximally derives cosmological and Halo Occupation Distribution (HOD) information from non-linear galaxy clustering, with sufficient precision for DESI Year 1 (Y1) analysis. Our hybrid approach first samples the HOD space on a fixed cosmological simulation grid to constrain the high-likelihood region of cosmology+HOD parameter space, and then constructs the emulator within this constrained region. This approach significantly reduces the parameter volume emulated over, thus achieving much smaller emulator errors with fixed number of training points. We demonstrate that this combined with state-of-the-art simulations result in tight emulator errors comparable to expected DESI Y1 LRG sample variance. We leverage the new AbacusSummit simulations and apply our hybrid approach to CMASS non-linear galaxy clustering data. We infer constraints on $\sigma_8 = 0.762\pm0.024$ and $f\sigma_8 (z_{eff} = 0.52) = 0.444\pm0.016$, the tightest among contemporary galaxy clustering studies. We also demonstrate that our $f\sigma_8$ constraint is robust against secondary biases and other HOD model choices, a critical first step towards showcasing the robust cosmology information accessible in non-linear scales. We speculate that the additional statistical power of DESI Y1 should tighten the growth rate constraints by at least another 50-60%, significantly elucidating any potential tension with Planck. We also address the "lensing is low" tension, where we find that the combined effect of a lower $f\sigma_8$ and environment-based bias lowers the predicted lensing signal by 15%, accounting for approximately 50% of the discrepancy between the lensing measurement and clustering-based predictions.
点击量
下载量
点击量
下载量
评论
待评议
