Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-07-16 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Protecting female fertility stands as a central goal and vision in a fertility-friendly society，and fallopian tube recanalization offers the possibility of pregnancy for patients with tubal infertility. Objective This study aims to accurately identify the influencing factors affecting successful pregnancy after fallopian tube recanalization and explore the application of the random forest algorithm in screening and predicting pregnancy influencing factors in such patients. Methods The study collected and analyzed data from 170 patients who underwent laparoscopic combined with hysteroscopic fallopian tube recanalization at Beijing Shijitan Hospital between 2016 and 2018. Based on whether the patients achieved successful natural pregnancy within 2 years after the surgery，they were divided into the pregnancy and non-pregnancy groups. Using the R software，a random forest model for predicting pregnancy risk after tube recanalization was established on the training data set（108 cases，63.2% of cases，extracted via Bootstrap method），and its prediction accuracy，sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，negative predictive value，and area under the curve（AUC） were evaluated on the verification data set. Results The study comprised 82 cases in the pregnancy group and 88 in the non-pregnancy group，with a spontaneous pregnancy rate of 48.23% post-surgery. The random forest algorithm，trained on the training set，demonstrated robust predictive capability upon validation，with an accuracy of 87.1%，sensitivity of 93.1%，specificity of 81.8%，positive predictive value of 81.8%，negative predictive value of 93.1%，and an AUC of 0.921. The random forest algorithm was employed to rank the importance of factors influencing pregnancy following fallopian tube recanalization by using variable importance scores. The analysis identified the top three significant predictor variables：duration of infertility，history of previous pregnancies，and patient age. Conclusion The random forest algorithm emerges as a viable tool for predicting factors influencing pregnancy after fallopian tube recanalization. The predictive model，predicated on infertility duration，history of prior pregnancies，and age，exhibits notable discrimination and accuracy. Early identification of key factors post-recanalization allows for timely and effective interventions. We recommend that patients presenting risk factors consider utilizing assisted reproductive technology to improve pregnancy rates.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-15
Abstract： We live in a community where we must sometimes lend a helping hand to others and seek help ourselves when facing difficulties. However, most research in this area has focused on individual helpers, and there is relatively little discussion of situations where multiple helpers are involved. While we often form positive impressions of those who help us, it remains unclear whether we evaluate each helper equally when facing multiple helpers. This study proposed a new factor, the "help order", suggesting that the earlier a helper provides assistance, the more positive the help-seeker’ s evaluation and response toward the helper. This order effect is referred to as the "help-seeker’s preference for the first helper". To explore this effect and its mechanism, three studies were conducted. In Study 1, two sub-studies were conducted (Study 1a consisted 273 participants, and Study 1b consisted 160 participants.), which evaluated the emotional response, perceived warmth, and perceived competence of helpers using a work-help scenario. In Study 2(consisting of 58 participants), a within-subject design was used to evaluate the stability and universality of the results in a life-help scenario. The help-seeker’ s behavioral indicators, namely their willingness to seek help again and reciprocate, were used as dependent variables. Study 3(consisting of 199 participants) aimed to explore the mediating role of perceived empathy, perceived distress, and perceived sincerity between the help order and evaluations of the helper. The results showed that: (1) Help-seekers had higher emotional and overall impression evaluations for helpers who provided help earlier. (2) Help-seekers perceived helpers who provided help earlier as warmer and more capable, even when the help provided was the same. The results indicated that the requester was more willing to seek help again and reciprocate with helpers who provided help earlier. (3) The earlier a helper provided assistance, the more the help-seeker perceived him/her as having greater empathy, fewer distress and more sincerity, leading to better impressions and a greater willingness to seek help from them in the future. Moreover, "perceived empathy-perceived sincerity, perceived distress-perceived sincerity " played a parallel chain-mediated role in the relationship between the help order and the help-seeker’ s evaluation of the helper. In conclusion, this study confirmed the help-seeker’s preference for the first helper, demonstrating that earlier help leads to better impressions, and a greater willingness to seek help again and reciprocate. Perceived empathy, perceived distress, and perceived sincerity played an essential role in mediating the relationship between the help order, help-seeker’ s evaluation of the helper, and willingness to seek help again.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-07-14
Abstract： Memory consolidation has traditionally been perceived as a slow process, extending over years, even decades. However, new research indicates that memory can consolidate rapidly when new information is consistent with existing schemas or employs specific encoding methods. Moreover, the influence of sleep and retrieval on memory is believed to be linked to rapid consolidation. This paper reviews studies on rapid memory consolidation and summarizes two potential mechanisms driving this swift process: schema-based learning and repeated reactivation. Future investigations could delve into the role of hippocampus in cortical learning, the significance of interference suppression in memory consolidation, and, by adopting an adaptive perspective on the interplay between fast and slow memory consolidation processes, unravel the nature of rapid memory consolidation as a double-edged sword.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-12
Abstract： The fluency theory of aesthetic pleasure held that the ease with which stimuli were processed could induce positive emotions, and thus promoting positive evaluation. However, in the past 20 years of conceptual development and empirical research, the model has faced both theoretical and empirical challenges. By incorporating insights from predictive processing frameworks (PPF) and the epistemic motivation model (EMM), it is expected to revise and update the original hedonic fluency theory into a multi-model integrated fluency interpretation framework for aesthetic judgment. It highlights the role of four factors in shaping aesthetic judgment: expectation of stimuli, expectation of fluency itself, directional goals associated with specific beliefs, as well as non-directional goals associated with fluency and certainty. Four factors together determine how fluency is involved in aesthetic judgement and what specific effect it will have. The framework not only provides theoretical support to better explain the paradoxical and complex fluency effects in the process of aesthetic judgment, but also points out the direction for future empirical research in this field.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-07-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background General practice，as an emerging medical model，emphasizes community-based comprehensive medical services aimed at improving the accessibility and efficiency of healthcare. However，despite its key role in enhancing primary care services，research in general practice remains underdeveloped. There is a need to improve this situation through scientific research and social support，and to elevate its academic status. Objective To analyze the factors influencing the development of research capabilities in the field of general practice at three bottom-up levels：researchers，research institutions，and the discipline as a whole. Methods This paper employs a scoping review method，searching databases such as CNKI，Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform，PubMed，and Web of Science. It also manually browses the information release platforms of international general practice research and related societies，along with Google search engine，to collect literature published between 2000 and 2023 on factors affecting the development of research capabilities in general practice. This includes manually searching for grey literature. Through a two-phase screening，relevant literature was finally included，and data were organized in Excel，categorized into influencing factors，and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis method.The results were presented in the form of a coronet diagram. Results The study ultimately included 122 literatures，including 62 original research articles，2 systematic reviews，54 non-original papers and 4 gray literatures. Through these documents，21 factors affecting the development of research capabilities in general practice were identified. These factors were divided into individual（researchers），group（institution），and whole（discipline）levels. Individual-level factors involve researchers' knowledge and skills in research，ability to apply for funding，interest in and enthusiasm for research，opportunities for learning research knowledge and developing research cooperation，time available for research work，and the integration of research and clinical work. Group-level factors involve the research human resources，research resources，research environment，research management mechanisms，research training capabilities，external research cooperation resources，and the importance attached by institutional managers. Discipline-level factors involve the characteristics of the discipline's research，core research and coordination institutions，government，academic associations，academic journals，international collaborators，and research funding. Conclusion This review summarizes the literature on the development of research capabilities in general practice worldwide，identifying 21 key influencing factors. In the actual context of China，these factors may manifest as a series of interrelated issues such as fragmented disciplinary organization，limited overall resources，unclear disciplinary theory，and insufficient social recognition. This requires researchers in the field to be more proactive in orienting themselves towards the core concepts of the discipline，reasonably adjusting and reshaping the research performance orientation and management mechanisms of institutions，and individual research areas and paths. Additionally，there is a need to enhance the training of general practitioners in the unique research theories，methods，and capabilities of the general practice discipline to strengthen the foundation for forming a disciplinary synergy.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-07-12
Abstract： Venting at work is a common issue and management dilemma that leaders, at whom it is often targeted, confront daily. Studies have revealed that venting is a double-edged sword. Furthermore, existing research tends to focus on the ventor’s perspective, largely ignoring the ventee. To our knowledge, only one empirical study has looked at the issue from the ventee’s perspective, revealing negative emotions and destructive leadership behaviors as consequences of subordinates’ venting. Nevertheless, recent studies argue that receivers respond to intricate workplace messages both through “hot,” emotional responses and through “cold,” cognitive reactions, and the latter might be more explanatory. Unfortunately, research on subordinates’ venting has largely ignored the cognitive processes, suggesting instead that the solution may lie in recruiting leaders with certain characteristics. However, not only is the strategy extremely expensive, but it also presents leaders with navigational challenges. Therefore, based on the transactional theory of stress, this paper explored how leaders’ behaviors are affected by subordinates’ venting. By conceptualizing subordinates’ venting as a stressor for leaders, we proposed that the impact of subordinates’ venting on leaders’ ego depletion and subsequent abusive supervision may be alleviated if leaders can reframe such venting as a learning opportunity rather than a threat.
To capture within-person variability and test our model, we collected data using a time-lagged interval-based experience sampling method. The study participants included middle managers from an electronics manufacturing firm and a financial services company in eastern China. The survey was conducted in two stages. First, 196 managers completed a baseline survey of demographic data and managerial self-efficacy. Afterward, the participants completed three surveys per day over ten consecutive working days. Time 1 was a measure of daily receipt of subordinates’ venting and negative affect. Time 2 included appraisal of the learning opportunity provided by daily subordinates’ venting, appraisal of threat perceived in daily subordinates’ venting, and appraisal of daily ego depletion. Time 3 measured daily abusive supervision. After data matching, the final sample comprised 1,532 observations from 188 middle managers.
Multilevel path analyses showed that, at the within-person level, daily receipt of subordinates’ venting was positively related to leaders’ daily ego depletion, and that leaders’ daily ego depletion mediated the relationship between daily receipt of subordinates’ venting and daily abusive supervision. Moreover, learning opportunity appraisal weakened the positive relationship between daily receipt of subordinates’ venting and daily ego depletion, as a result of which this relationship was significant only when leaders’ learning opportunity appraisal was low. Further, learning opportunity appraisal moderated the indirect relationship between daily receipt of subordinates’ venting and daily abusive supervision through daily ego depletion.
There are three key respects in which the present study significantly advances the ventee’s perspective within the relevant literature. First, instead of treating leaders as passive recipients of venting, this paper applies the transactional theory of stress to argue for leaders’ active role in managing subordinates’ venting, particularly by employing learning opportunity appraisal. Second, it stresses the role of “cold” cognitive mechanisms over “hot” emotional mechanisms, delineating the mediating role of ego depletion as a key cognitive process underlying leaders’ negative reactions. Third, as opposed to suggestions of recruiting leaders with specific personal characteristics to combat the negative consequences of workplace venting, this paper shows that the strategy of learning opportunity appraisal is a cost-effective and practical approach for leaders to implement. This study also enriches the general understanding of situational antecedents of abusive supervision. Thus, this paper offers practical ways to effectively address subordinates’ venting and minimize the potential abusive supervision arising from unfavorable situations.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2024-07-12
Abstract：目的 本文总结了1例肝细胞癌肝内转移致右肋疼痛患者的中西医结合护理体会。方法 本研究通过对我院收治的1例肝细胞癌肝内转移引起的右肋疼痛患者进行口服强止痛药、中药膏摩联合砭石治疗的中西医结合护理，观察患者疼痛缓解程度和患者的整体满意度。结果 经过个体化的中西医结合护理干预后，患者的疼痛评分明显下降，癌性疼痛得到有效控制，心理状态明显改善，住院时间缩短，患者满意度提高。结论 对于肝细胞癌肝内转移致右肋疼痛的患者，中西医结合护理能够有效缓解疼痛，改善心理状态，缩短住院时间，提高患者满意度。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Chemistry >> Nuclear Chemistry submitted time 2024-07-11
Abstract： Background: Medical radioactive isotope 99mTc is widely used in SPECT imaging, primarily derived from the decay of its parent nucleus 99Mo. With 90% of the global 99Mo supply coming from five reactors that will be decommissioned, there is a pressing need for a stable supply. Using proton accelerators to irradiate 100Mo to produce 99Mo and 99mTc has become an important supplementary method. Some researchers have used Monte Carlo software FLUKA to simulate the yield of radioactive isotopes, discovering discrepancies between the simulation results and experimental measurements. Purpose: Verification of whether FLUKA can accurately simulate the production of 99Mo and 99mTc from proton irradiation of 100Mo. Method: This paper calculates the activation function used by FLUKA and compares the results with those from other databases and nuclear reaction programs such as TALYS. A combined method using FLUKA and other databases' activation function calculations is proposed to estimate the yield of 99Mo and 99mTc after proton irradiation and cooling. Results: FLUKA underestimates the yield of 99Mo by approximately 59%-67% and overestimates the yield of 99mTc by approximately 245%-260% when compared to TENDL2023 activation function calculations. Conclusions: The discrepancies arise from the significant differences between the proton-nucleus reaction cross-sections in FLUKA and those in other databases, and FLUKA's inability to accurately handle the production of different excited states of nuclides.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：通过测算2007—2020年新疆13个地州市的农业碳排放总量与强度，利用基尼系数分解法揭示新疆农业碳排放强度的区域差异，采用空间杜宾模型考察新疆农业碳排放强度的空间溢出效应与驱动因素。研究表明：（1）考察期内新疆农业碳排放总量的演变特征大致分为3个阶段：快速上升、持续下降和平稳上升。最大的碳源是秸秆燃烧，其次是禽畜养殖。考察期内农业碳排放强度表现出明显的下降趋势。（2）考察期初与期末农业碳排放强度表现较大空间差异，呈现出“北低南高”的特征。基于碳排放构成的差异可将新疆划分为5类不同地区。新疆整体、北疆和南疆地区农业碳排放强度的基尼系数均呈现波动下降趋势，区域间差异对总体差异的贡献最大。（3）考察期内新疆农业碳排放强度呈现显著的空间集聚现象，且各地州市间农业碳排放强度的空间联系程度随时间推移变得更加紧密。新疆农业碳排放主要受市场和政府的双重影响，从市场层面来说，产业聚集、农业产业结构、农业发展水平以及种植结构与农业碳排放强度呈现显著正相关，具有显著的区域间溢出效应。从政府层面分析，环境治理水平和地区灾害发生面积与农业碳排放强度具有显著的负相关关系。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：划定生态修复关键区是落实差异化生态修复策略的前提与基础。以延安市为例，采用形态学空间格局法构建景观格局，融合可能连通性指数识别生态源地。基于土地利用、归一化植被指数等影响因子，利用最小累积阻力模型计算最小累积阻力差值，提取生态廊道，构建生态网络，并通过成本连通性划分廊道等级，利用图论法分析网络结构特征，最后叠加生态廊道与景观格局，识别延安市生态修复关键区。结果表明：（1）延安市森林、草地等覆盖基数较大，但整体较分散，景观连通性较差。（2）延安市生态源地主要分布在西南和东南部，而东北部生境质量较差，不宜物种栖息。（3）延安市生态廊道以森林景观为主，其中重要廊道占10%，主要集中在西部和南部，生态网络空间分布极不均匀。（4）生态网络的闭合度、复杂度和连通度均较低，网络稳定性较差。（5）延安市生态孤岛主要分布在洛川县，生态修复关键区主要集中在富县和黄龙县，其中一级修复区占比21.93%。研究结果可为延安市及其他市域生态修复关键区识别及生态网络建设提供参考和依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：区域发展引发的环境胁迫已经成为制约黄河流域高质量发展的重要限制性因素。宁夏回族自治区位于黄河上游地区，生态地位十分重要。以宁夏回族自治区为研究区，构建环境胁迫评价指标体系，运用熵权法对2012—2020年宁夏各县域的环境胁迫指数进行测度，并系统分析环境胁迫指数的空间相关性，在此基础上，借助GWR模型对影响环境胁迫空间分异的因素进行识别。结果表明：（1）虽然宁夏各县域环境胁迫指数的平均值由0.56580降至0.49762，但是环境胁迫指数的最小值由0.056359增至0.091005，最大值也仅由0.948896降至0.911162，区域发展对环境造成的胁迫压力仍然较重，表现为整体环境质量有所改善，但局部环境胁迫压力依然趋紧的特点。（2）环境胁迫指数的空间分布差异明显，较高环境胁迫等级和高环境胁迫等级的县域主要分布在经济发展水平较高、资源相对较丰富的宁夏北部川区，而低环境胁迫等级和较低环境胁迫等级的县域主要分布在社会经济发展相对滞后的宁夏南部山区。Moran’s I 指数和Getis-Ord G*指数分析表明，环境胁迫指数的空间聚集性在逐渐增强，且其强度和冷热点区的分布与区域经济社会发展水平存在相关性。（3）人口因素、城镇化因素和能源消耗因素对环境胁迫具有正相关性，产业结构因素和土地利用因素对环境胁迫具有负相关性。为此，宁夏应该有序促进人口在空间合理分布，加快实施新型城镇化战略，对高耗能高污染产业进行改造升级，推进产业结构升级和土地利用结构优化。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：生态系统服务是支撑经济社会发展和人类生存条件的要素，其中水生态系统服务对于维持人类生产生活以及生态环境等都具有重要意义。然而，目前对流域水生态服务研究相对薄弱。基于InVEST（Integrated valuation of ecosystem services and trade offs）模型量化了山西黄河流域2000—2020年的产水量、水源涵养和水质净化服务的时空分布格局。探讨了气候条件和土地利用与产水量、水源涵养和水质净化服务之间的关系。结果表明：（1）近20 a，流域的产水量出现了波动上升的变化，且高峰值的出现在2020年，达152.37 mm。在空间上产水量分布差异明显，高值区范围扩大，低值区范围缩小。土地利用和气候变化共同影响山西黄河流域产水服务时空变化。气候变化对流域产水服务的贡献率远大于土地利用变化。（2）近20 a，流域水源涵养量与产水量变化趋势基本一致，整体呈波动上升趋势。高峰值的出现在2020年，达100.32 mm。空间上，林地水源涵养量增加最多，其次为草地，降水量大且蒸散相对较小的地区水源涵养能力显著高于其他地区。相比土地利用，气候因素对水源涵养量的影响更大。（3）在水质净化方面，同时期流域N、P输出量呈现逐年递减的态势，在2020年N、P输出量均达到最低值，分别为0.4739 kg·hm-2和0.0366 kg·hm-2。空间上，山区和丘陵地区的N、P输出量显著低于平原和盆地。人类农业活动特别是对农业用地中化肥的广泛投入是造成水环境污染的主要原因，同时伴随城市化发展的不透水地面的扩张也会对研究区水质净化造成一定的影响。研究结果可为山西黄河流域水生态系统保护及生态补偿与流域科学管理提供参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：基于融合发展的自组织过程视角，从内外双驱力层面构建了评价体系，以山西省11个乡村文化和旅游公共服务机构功能融合试点村落为研究样本，综合评估两者服务融合发展水平，并通过定性比较分析探讨了其驱动路径。研究表明：（1）内驱动力权重高于外驱力，资源融合、设施融合、机构融合是影响融合发展的关键因素。（2）案例地整体处于局部融合发展阶段，揭示出其在融合动力、融合保障、融合深度及融合过程等发展上存在明显不足。（3）内驱动力组合上，文旅公共服务平台被视为核心条件，反映出融合表现形式上具有“小而精”特征。外部驱动力上，文旅消费市场潜力是核心条件，反映出存在城乡社会服务融合发展短板。（4）驱动路径分析提炼出了自上而下方式的统筹管理路径、改革供给模式的功能创新路径、扩宽融合渠道的资源共享路径、优化要素协同的融合保障路径。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：民航运输是入境旅客来华通道的物质主体，是实现旅游产品价值的先决条件。收集中国31个省（市、自治区）2011—2022年的经济数据，按照入境旅游经济发展程度引入分区域测度法探究航空运输对入境旅游的异质性溢出。研究扩展单一时间序列数据为时间和空间面板数据，通过建立空间计量模型模拟实证。结论表明：（1）我国入境旅游业总体呈现聚集合作的态势。（2）民航运输对入境旅游的溢出存在空间差异。在入境旅游发达区域，空间溢出为正，在入境旅游不发达地区则为负。（3）不同地区，入境旅游的空间集聚特征不同。在入境旅游发达地区，存在明显的竞争和集聚效应；在入境旅游不发达地区，没有明显的集聚特征，旅游生产要素没有空间关联。研究结果为民航资源的合理配置提供理论依据，有助于推动我国区域入境旅游一体化的形成，实现入境旅游高质量发展。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：关中平原城市群是我国西部旅游资源的重要聚集地，其众多旅游资源开发与社会经济均衡发展亟需高速交通基础设施的支撑。以关中平原城市群为研究对象，基于高速交通和旅游经济评价指标体系，运用熵值法、耦合协调模型等方法，剖析高速交通与旅游经济的综合发展水平，并从时空维度分析两者耦合协调的演化态势，最后探究不同高速交通方式与旅游经济协调发展的差异特征。结果表明：（1）关中平原城市群高速交通与旅游经济综合水平整体呈上升态势，且城市群内部发展存在较大差异。（2）城市群高速交通和旅游经济尚未形成明显协调发展格局，其耦合协调度在时序上呈逐步上升趋势，在空间上逐步向“一圈一轴三带”格局演化。（3）不同的高速交通对系统协调程度和旅游经济边际效应存在明显差异，且与旅游经济的耦合协调度也不同。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：论文旨在快速提取新疆红枣种植区分布信息和种植面积，为预测产量、价格，巩固脱贫攻坚成果和助力乡村振兴提供数据支持。基于Google Earth Engine云平台，快速获取覆盖全疆的Sentinel-1雷达影像、Sentinel-2光学影像及SRTM地形数据，从中提取光谱、纹理、地形等44个特征并进行特征优选过程，在对随机森林分类器进行超参数调优后，得到新疆2021年10 m分辨率红枣种植区空间分布图，运用超像素聚类的方法对全疆主要红枣种植区域进行分类后处理及分区统计，最终得到全疆红枣种植面积。结果表明：（1）通过基于简单非迭代聚类算法进行分类处理，得到全疆红枣种植面积为4253 km2，其主要分布在南疆的阿克苏、喀什、和田地区、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州和东疆的吐鲁番市、哈密市等地。（2）对随机森林分类器进行超参数调优后，能够有效提高提取精度，基于混淆矩阵计算的平均总体分类精度为0.86，平均Kappa系数为0.82，红枣提取的生产者精度为0.87，用户精度为0.80。（3）Sentinel-1极化波段特征在红枣信息提取中占据重要地位，光谱特征和纹理特征次之。结合多源遥感数据能够快速提取新疆红枣种植区分布与面积信息，对推动该地区农业现代化、资源保护和经济发展具有重要意义。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：水分利用效率（Water use efficiency，WUE）是表征水碳过程的重要指标，对研究生态脆弱区水碳耦合规律及其响应因素具有重要意义。基于总初级生产力（GPP）、蒸散发（ET）、气温、降水量和土壤水分系统分析了2001—2021年内蒙古荒漠草原WUE的时空变化特征，讨论了影响WUE变化的因素。结果表明：（1）内蒙古荒漠草原2001—2021年WUE平均值0.877 g C·mm-1·m-2，空间变化范围在0.35~2.42 g C·mm-1·m-2。（2）预测其未来变化趋势发生转变的区域占比较大（约占69.00%），这些区域WUE未来变化趋势容易逆转。（3）空间上超过60.00%研究区的WUE与降水量、ET、土壤水分呈现正相关，其中降水量与WUE正相关最为明显（正相关区域占比约91.00%，通过显著性检验P<0.05区域占比约30.00%）。（4）WUE与气温总体呈现负相关，负相关区域占比超过60.00%。（5）气候变化在内蒙古荒漠草原WUE变化中起主要作用。内蒙古荒漠草原WUE受多种因素影响，研究结果可为气候变化背景下荒漠草原地区WUE研究提供参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：地表辐射收支变化影响区域乃至全球气候，利用阿克达拉大气本底站基准辐射观测系统的2021年11月1日至2022年10月31日地表辐射四分量数据，分析阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射与反照率的变化特征。结果表明：（1）太阳总辐射年曝辐量为5772.74 MJ·m-2。太阳总辐射曝辐量的季节变化表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季，不同月份太阳总辐射和反射短波辐射日峰值集中在11:00—12:00，地面长波辐射日峰值集中在12:00—13:00，大气逆辐射日峰值出现时间没有明显规律。（2）净收入辐射最大值主要出现在正午，净支出辐射最大值出现时间主要在日落时。（3）降雨对太阳总辐射、反射短波辐射、地面长波辐射、地表反照率具有削弱作用，降雪过程太阳总辐射受到削弱，降雪后地面积雪导致地表反照率增大，地面反射短波辐射增强，日间地面长波辐射和地面净辐射减弱，由于雪对地面的保温作用，夜间地面长波辐射较降雪前增强；降雨与降雪均对大气逆辐射具有增强作用。（4）雨天地表反照率最小值为0.16；当积雪深度达到5 cm时，地表反照率可达0.96，新雪地表反照率大于老雪，且稳定积雪的地表反照率日均值在0.72~0.88。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：利用西藏高原38个气象站1981—2020年逐日气象观测资料及1970—2000年30 s空间分辨率气候数据，对人体舒适度指数（ICHB）及高原人体舒适度指数（PICHB）时空变化特征进行分析。研究表明：（1）西藏高原近40 a ICHB呈显著上升趋势，整个西藏高原年ICHB升高率为0.76·(10a)-1，各气候区年ICHB升高率为(0.57~0.98)·(10a)-1。季ICHB升高率在时间上表现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。（2）年ICHB和季ICHB的升高率在空间上表现为西部>北部>东北部>东南部>中部、南部边缘。（3）PICHB空间上表现为寒冷特不舒适、重度高原反应的区域主要分布在北部、西部及东北部的高山上；冷不舒适、重度高原反应的区域主要分布在北部、中部及南部边缘的高山上；冷不舒适、中度高原反应的区域主要分布在北部、中部和南部边缘等区域的较低海拔地区；凉较不舒适、轻度高原反应的区域主要分布在东南部和南部边缘地区；不冷不热舒适、无高原反应的区域主要分布在错那县南部和墨脱县南部。随着西藏高原近40 a 和未来气候“暖湿化”的变化趋势，各地月ICHB、季ICHB、年ICHB明显提高，PICHB也发生相应的变化，均向着舒适度升高的方向发展。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：人类活动对全球温度升高的促进作用愈加明显，如何科学衡量人类活动强度并探究其与地表温度的时空关联性成为当前研究热题。以关中地区为例，整合人口密度、地区生产总值、夜间灯光强度、建设用地面积比例、电量消耗5个指标表征人类活动强度，分析关中地区人类活动强度与地表温度时空变化规律，探究人类活动强度与地表温度关联性及其驱动作用。结果表明：（1）2001—2020年关中地区平均地表高温、低温区域分别呈现总体增大、减少的趋势，地表高温区域范围不断扩大。（2）2000—2020年关中地区的人类活动强度逐渐增加，特别是在各地级市的市辖区和主要居民点，高强度区域范围不断扩大，而低强度区域主要位于秦岭山区。（3）2000—2020年关中地区人类活动强度与地表温度呈显著正相关性和空间上的集聚性，正相关区域面积呈现增大趋势，主要由不显著及负相关转化为正相关区域，高-高类型集聚区主要分布在各城市主城区，低-低类型集聚区主要分布在秦岭山区。（4）影响地表温度的人类活动强度指标中，夜间灯光强度、人口密度、建设用地面积比例对地表温度的驱动作用最为显著；且夜间灯光强度与建设用地面积比例、人口密度与建设用地面积比例交互作用对地表温度的解释力最强。
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