Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-03-03
Abstract：近年来，研究者开始将经颅交流电刺激技术应用于精神疾病领域中，其中，以 、 频率最受关注。tACS 作用于精神疾病的可能机制包括两个方面，直接调节异常的大脑神经活动和间接改善患者的认知功能。首先，使用特定频率的 tACS 作用目标脑区，可以调节对应频率的神经振荡和大脑功能连接，通过作用于疾病相关的异常大脑活动，直接改善患者的临床症状。其次，并不针对某种疾病特异受损的大脑活动，而是用 tACS 激活与认知功能相关的大脑环路，广泛地提高患者的注意、记忆等多种认知功能，进而整体上缓解不良症状。 目前，使用 tACS 治疗精神疾病这一领域还有一些尚未解决、值得探讨的问题。tACS 的作用机制研究、刺激参数和范式改进、技术升级，可以成为心理学、脑科学、以及临床医学的 重点研究方向。
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2021-12-20
Abstract： Severe stress is one of the major external triggers of emotion-related mental disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Stress-induced sustained hyperarousal state is not only a core symptom but also a contributor to other symptoms such as sleep disturbance and negative mood. Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter that regulates emotional response. In addition, the 5-HT system is the target for pharmacological treatment such as selective-serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for major depressive disorder, PTSD, and other emotional disorders. However, it remains unknown whether serotonin is involved in the hyperarousal state caused by severe stress, as well as the mechanism by which genetic polymorphism in serotonin regulation contributes to the vulnerability of stress-related psychiatric disorders. Tryptophan-hydroxylase-2 (Tph2) is a serotonin synthesizing enzyme that converts tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan in the brain. A genetic deficiency in the expression of Tph2 may lead to a lower level of serotonin in the brain. The present study focused on the role of serotonin in the development of stress-induced hyperarousal, investigating the behavioral effect of Tph2 gene-deficiency after severe stress in a mice model. Mice lacking Tph2 (Tph2-/-) in the brain have a vitally low level of serotonin and a bad health condition, so we used heterozygous Tph2-deficient mice (Tph2+/-) which have been shown to have a mild low level of serotonin in the brain. We measured the auditory startle reflex as an indicator of arousal level at different time points after predator-exposure stress or footshock stress in both male and female Tph2+/- and wild-type mice. The predator-exposure stress was to exposure a mouse to a cat for 5 minutes with a trained experimenter protecting the mouse from direct attack from the cat. The footshock stress was to exposure a mouse to a series of footshock (1.5 mA × 5s × 5, inter-shock interval 60 ~ 120 s) in a shock chamber. Then we measured the auditory startle reflex at 1-, 2-, 10-, and 18-day post-stress. For each startle test session, a total of 30 white noise stimuli were presented to the mice in a sound-isolated chamber (90 dB, 100 dB, 110 dB, ten stimuli for each level). The results showed that the Tph2+/- male mice had a higher level of startle than the non-stressed group at 1, 2, and 10 days after footshock stress, indicating a sustained hyperarousal. However, wild-type male mice only had an increased startle response on the day after the footshock stress. For mice with predator exposure stress, both Tph2+/- male mice and wild-type male mice showed an increased startle response on the first day after the predator stress, but then returned to the same level as the non-stressed mice. We also observed a sex difference in mice’s startle response that the female mice had a lower level of startle amplitude than that of male mice at baseline test before stress. In addition, female mice with different genotypes showed minor differences in their startle response at different time points after both types of stress. The results of the study indicate that the Tph2 genotype interacts with stress types in the regulation of long-term hyperarousal after severe stress events. Our results also provide preclinical evidence that individuals with Tph2 gene deficiency may be more vulnerable to stress-induced hyperarousal and highlight the potential of targeting the serotonin system for post-traumatic intervention.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2021-11-19
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2021-05-11
Abstract： " What is Chinese personality? This question has long attracted the interest of researchers. Joint factor analyses of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI), which was generated using a combined emic-etic approach, and the NEO-FFI, which measures western-derived Big Five personality factors, produced six factors. These correspond to the five factors from the Big Five Model plus an Interpersonal Relatedness factor (IR). These six factors constitute the “Big Six” personality structure that describes and explains Chinese personality or behavior. IR is a culturally specific personality dimension that is closely related to traditional Chinese culture. The existence of IR has been confirmed by a large number of studies, but its connotations need to be further explored and refined. This paper discussed the subtypes of the Chinese IR personality trait from a quantitative perspective and further explored which subtype of IR was more adaptive. The study adopted a “person-centered approach” to reveal the overall nature of IR in Chinese people. In Study 1, 1911 participants of the CPAI-2 normative sample were analyzed with latent profile analysis (LPA) in terms of six dimensions of IR – Ren Qing (Relationship Orientation), Harmony, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Discipline, Thrift vs. Extravagance, and Traditionalism vs. Modernity – to explore the potential subtypes of IR. In Study 2, 200 white people were investigated to explore the latent profile structure of Interpersonal Relatedness in non-Chinese people. In Study 3, 2580 juniors from a comprehensive university were investigated to verify the potential structure of IR obtained in Study 1. The LPA method with outcome variables (BCH method) was used to investigate the social adaptability of different subtypes of college students in the potential structure of IR in terms of academic performance, knowledge sharing behavior, and mental health. The results of study 1 showed that the fourfold classification model of IR had the best fitting index. The fourfold classification model was specifically composed of high and low scores of “round outside” (including three potential personality constructs of Ren Qing, Harmony, and Interpersonal Sensitivity) and “square inside” (including three potential personality constructs of Discipline, Thrift vs. Extravagance, and Traditionalism vs. Modernity). The four subtypes were “gentlemen” who were round outside and square inside, pedantic persons who were non-round outside and square inside, two-faced persons who were non-round outside and non-square inside, and hypocrites who were round outside and non-square inside. The fourfold classification model showed that the latent profile structure of the Chinese IR personality trait involved the dialectical unity of “round outside” and “square inside.” The results of study 2 showed that the latent profile structure of the four categories of "round outside and square inside" did not appear in the Western samples, which reflected the Chinese cultural specificity of the "round outside and square inside" latent profile of Interpersonal Relatedness. The results of study 3 verified the fourfold classification model of study 1. The results of BCH in study 3 found that among the four subgroups, the subgroup of “round outside and square inside” had better academic performance, higher levels of mental health, and more knowledge sharing behaviors, which indicated that this subgroup was the most adaptable in modern society. The results are discussed in relation to traditional Chinese culture, especially regarding the characteristics of the Confucian “gentleman personality.” The research provides a rich historical context and insight into the applicability to the contemporary life of the dialectical and unified “round outside and square inside” behavior mode of contemporary Chinese people.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Safety Science and Technology >> Safety Social Science submitted time 2019-01-21
Abstract： "The Microblog behavioral data of typical disaster-stricken areas under the Impact of Typhoon Mangosteen (Guangdong) and non-disaster areas (Anhui) were selected to test the psychological typhoon eye effect from two dimensions of time and space with the method of big data analysis. The results show that there are differences of attention degree in the time dimension, but there is no "high-low-high" psychological typhoon eye pattern in the affected areas. Specifically, the attention of the affected areas after the transit of typhoon is higher than that before the transit of typhoon, while there is no significant difference of the attention of typhoon between the time periods before, during and after the transit. There is no significant difference between the disaster-stricken areas and the non-disaster areas in the dimension of spatial. Limitations of the study are mainly analyzed in order to provide relevant thinking and reference for future research.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2018-12-17
Abstract： The intentional binding effect refers to subjective compression in time between a voluntary action and its delayed outcome. Sense of agency based on action and causation are two explanations for this effect. We first introduced the mechanisms underlying sense of agency related to action and sense of agency related to causation to interpret the intentional binding effect through providing corresponding evidence from both behavioral and neural perspectives. Meanwhile, we discussed the relationship between these two explanations for the intentional binding effect. We provide two perspectives regarding the relationship between the two factors to explain intentional binding effect.
Subjects: Biology >> Developmental Biology submitted time 2016-10-27
Abstract：摘 要：目的 初步探索母亲是主要喂养人和母亲不是主要喂养人在儿童体型认知和喂养行为上的比较研究，为今后在家庭喂养环境中干预儿童肥胖提供借鉴。方法 在北京、西安、江苏和深圳等四个城市进行方便抽样选取8所幼儿园对儿童母亲进行随机抽样，共收回有效问卷456份。整个问卷采用母亲自我报告的调查方法。调查内容包括人口社会学特征、体型图表认知和儿童喂养问卷。结果 体重正常儿童的母亲能够正确认知子女的体重水平是前者（83.83%）大于后者（76.67%），超重儿童的母亲低估了子女的体重水平是前者（91.89%）大于后者（65.22%），肥胖儿童的母亲低估了子女的体重水平是前者（68.75%）大于后者（62.86%）。前者在填鸭式喂养行为上表现出了显著的差异性（F=6.096，P＜0.001），多重比较发现，低体重和正常体重儿童（t=3.247,P=0.001）、正常体重和肥胖儿童（t=-3.292,P＜0.001）之间存在显著性差异。在填鸭式喂养行为上前者在正确认知和低估（t=-2.779,P＜0.01）、正确认知和高估（t=-2.780,P＜0.01）中分别存在显著性差异。后者的认知偏差在母亲每月税后收入高水平和低水平之间存在显著性差异（t=2.772,P＜0.01）。结论 二者均存在认知偏差现象，而母亲不是主要喂养人时更容易在母亲每月税后收入低水平时出现认知偏差现象。但在超重和肥胖儿童母亲中二者均更存在体型认知低估现象。母亲是主要喂养人时更倾向于在低体重和肥胖儿童中采取填鸭式喂养行为，而其体型认知可能会影响其喂养行为。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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