Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-12-09
Abstract： A comparison of pivotal studies for high-risk medical devices between China and the US including 40 approved products and some undergoing studies, covering coronary intervention, structural heart disease, left ventricular assistant device, neuromodulation, and electrophysiology, showed that pivotal studies in China were relatively simple-designed, with more quantitative endpoints, and relatively small sample size. Direct comparison of pivotal studies between different class medical devices is difficult, but achieving consensus between sponsors and regulation administration agency before conducting of the pivotal studies should be our future direction.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Retrieval Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-09-22
Abstract： Purpose/significance ChatGPT is a chatbot program developed by OpenAI in the United States. Conversations with ChatGPT can shed light on the scientific research in the age of AI. Method/process Currently, ChatGPT offers users 30 free query credits per day. By creating an outline for the conversation, Chen Yu engaged in a dialog with ChatGPT on various issues of the scientific research. Result/conclusion In the AI era, the AI technology represented by ChatGPT can become a "game-changer" in scientific research. Specifically, AI technology represented by ChatGPT can achieve faster data analysis, hypothesis generation, and decision making, trigger paradigm innovation in scientific research, promote interdisciplinary research, discover new research problems and research directions, lower the "barriers to entry" to scientific research, and promote scientific popularization and knowledge dissemination. At the same time, there are a number of potential risks associated with the use of AI technology represented by ChatGPT in scientific research, including privacy or data security issues, over-reliance on AI technology, rigidity of thinking, stereotyping or even prejudice against certain genders, races, cultures, languages and ideologies, intellectual property rights, workforce adaptation, academic misconduct, and digital hegemony or AI hegemony in the English-speaking world.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Retrieval Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-09-22
Abstract： Purpose/significance ChatGPT is a chatbot program developed by OpenAI in the United States. Conversations with ChatGPT can shed light on the scientific research in the age of AI. Method/process Currently, ChatGPT offers users 30 free query credits per day. By creating an outline for the conversation, Chen Yu engaged in a dialog with ChatGPT on various issues of the scientific research. Result/conclusion In the AI era, the AI technology represented by ChatGPT can become a "game-changer" in scientific research. Specifically, AI technology represented by ChatGPT can achieve faster data analysis, hypothesis generation, and decision making, trigger paradigm innovation in scientific research, promote interdisciplinary research, discover new research problems and research directions, lower the "barriers to entry" to scientific research, and promote scientific popularization and knowledge dissemination. At the same time, there are a number of potential risks associated with the use of AI technology represented by ChatGPT in scientific research, including privacy or data security issues, over-reliance on AI technology, rigidity of thinking, stereotyping or even prejudice against certain genders, races, cultures, languages and ideologies, intellectual property rights, workforce adaptation, academic misconduct, and digital hegemony or AI hegemony in the English-speaking world.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The generative large model GPT represented by ChatGPT is developing rapidly, which has aroused extensive discussion in academic circle and the industry and has an incalculable impact on foundational scientific research development. The study first sorts out the development of the GPT technological revolution, and discusses the new changes brought about by this technology in scientific research. Then, based on the three aspects of application status, core principles and innovation subjects, the impact of the GPT technological revolution on basic scientific research and its development suggestions for China are discussed. The study believes that GPT technology can certainly play a positive role in knowledge production, improve scientific research efficiency, and even promote scientific research paradigm changes, but it may also cause scientific research misconduct, weaken research credibility, and amplify the inherent bias of the Internet and other issues. Therefore, the study discusses how to develop Chinese foundational scientific research based on GPT technology. On the one hand, investing in the research and development of data and computing platforms that are independently controllable by the country and protected by intellectual property rights. On the other hand, emphasizing humancomputer collaboration and scientific research integrity supervision to create an open and transparent environment for Al development. In short, this study aims to provide policymakers and front-line researchers with an understanding perspective on the impact of GPT technology on fundamental science, promote the rational use of GPT technology, and provide a reference for the healthy development of the future academic ecology.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In September 2022, the President of the People’s Republic of China visited Uzbekistan for the first time after the epidemic. In the subsequent joint statement between China and Uzbekistan, China welcomed the adoption of the Aral Sea initiative proposed by Uzbekistan at the General Assembly of the United Nations. The two sides expressed their willingness to actively promote synergy between the Global Development Initiative and projects related to improving the ecological, economic, and social environment of the Aral Sea region under the framework of the United Nations. In this context, this paper describes the current situation of the Aral Sea crisis with a quantitative method and summarizes the necessity and significance of China’s participation in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea using the literature analysis method. The author believes that China has favorable conditions in terms of policies and mechanisms, funds, talents and cooperation foundation in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea, and suggests that under the principle of win-win cooperation, overall coordination, and doing something and leaving something undone, starting from exploring scientific issues and improving people’s livelihood, taking desertification combating, water and soil conservation, modern agricultural technology, and the promotion and utilization of new energy as the starting point, and using China’s wisdom, experience and strength in participating in the ecological governance of the Aral Sea, promoting the development of the green Aral Sea, effectively deepening China’s scientific and technological cooperation with Central Asia, and providing scientific and technological support for the construction of a community with a shared future for China-Central Asia and even high-quality development of the Belt and Road.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the context of major-power interactions, science and technology has increasingly become the main battleground and the inevitable place of competition among major powers. The new scientific and technological revolution will reshape the growth and decline of the economic competitiveness of countries and the global competition pattern. In order to compete for the increasingly competitive scientific and technological commanding heights, the United States clones the successful Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), which has been active and achieved many scientific and technological innovation achievements. Now, the United States plans to promote the establishment of agencies, such as the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Health (ARPA-H), the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Climate (ARPA-C), and the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Infrastructure (ARPA-I). The United States adopts task-oriented research and a highly flexible management model to accelerate the development of emerging and cutting-edge technologies to achieve major breakthroughs, and strives to grasp the initiative of global science and technology competition. We briefly describe the three DARPAlike agencies mentioned above, and take ARPA-H as an example. Then, we introduce its establishment background, mission, organizational framework, operation mechanism, and financing. We analyze the risks and challenges faced by ARPA-H as a new DARPA-like agency, and summarize the management enlightenment. Finally, we provide several policy suggestions for China's management innovation of disruptive technological projects.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Disruptive technologies have key impact on the path, direction, and international competition pattern of future industrial development, so the forward-looking layout of future industries driven by disruptive technologies is an inevitable choice for China to seize the commanding heights of science and technology and accelerate the construction of a new development pattern. Based on the in-depth analysis of the whole process and whole chain of the United States’ Electronics Resurgence Initiative layout of disruptive technologies and the technology identification mechanism, organization management mechanism, evaluation mechanism, and demonstration application mechanism of cultivating future industries, this study extracts the scientific connotation and key elements of disruptive technologies and future industries, and constructs the research framework of “disruptive technology-driven future industry cultivation model” from the links of “disruptive technology supply-technology industry transformation-technology industry application”. Relevant research findings have key reference significance for China’s cultivation of future industries driven by disruptive technologies. This study proposes that China should establish a long-term and dynamic disruptive technology identification and support mechanism for future industries, further strengthen the marketoriented and multi participation management model and policy design, establish a dynamic comparison and competitive exit mechanism of disruptive technologies with multiple technical routes in parallel, tolerate failures caused by objective factors such as technology research and development and technical routes, form an assessment and evaluation mechanism differentiated from the key core technology research, improve the demonstration and application of disruptive technologies for future industrial application scenarios, and promote pilot demonstrations and application scenarios such as future industry pilot demonstration zones.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The innovation ecosystem of future industry faces great challenge in multiple dimensions such as systematic structure, function, and path for the continuous emergence and breakthrough of cutting-edge basic knowledge. Based on the theories of natural ecosystem and innovation system, this study builds a future industrial innovation ecosystem structure framework consisting of frontier knowledge creation community, application scenario transformation community, and industrial value realization community with consideration of the characteristics and evolution laws of future industry. In such innovation ecosystem, promising government and entrepreneurial spirit are important entity and key element, and policies for incubating and developing future industry should focus on innovation element identification, innovation entity collaboration, innovation environment optimization, etc.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Energy is the blood vessel of an economy. The outbreak of the Ukraine crisis has triggered a regional energy supply crisis and a global energy market turmoil. As a result, the global energy landscape and energy science and technology development trends have undergone profound changes, with far-reaching impact on China’s science and technology strategies in the energy sector. Based on the study of energy strategy shift of the world’s major economies, this study focuses on research and analysis on the strategic trends of energy science and technology from the perspectives of international energy trade, global low-carbon transition and national energy security. This study believes that: (1) localization of energy supply has become a development direction of global energy science and technology strategies; (2) the cost attribute of energy technology is increasingly prominent in the era of clean energy; (3) the world is accelerating its pace in research and development of clean energy technology; and (4) international science and technology cooperation in the field of clean energy is facing new challenges. In addition, this study also proposes policy recommendations from the perspectives of strategic deployment, R&D platform, R&D orientation, innovation system and international cooperation, taking into account the current situation of China’s energy structure. The findings of this study will offer references and insights for China’s new energy system structure and new energy science and technology strategies.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Open science has risen to the global strategic level. The open science policy will provide an accelerator for achieving global sustainable development goals. China’s formulation and support of open access policies and open science infrastructure policies are still insufficient. The practical demand for China’s open science policy comes from the emerging open innovation research scenario, while the longterm demand comes from the construction of an open innovation ecosystem. This study proposes an open science policy system that conforms to the framework of China’s science and technology innovation policy system, and proposes policy action suggestions that adapt to the UNESCO Open Science Recommendation.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-07-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Open science is thriving and driving a global paradigm shift in scientific research. Open science governance is designated to gradually increase the transparency and global participation in the process of scientific and technological progress, ensure low-cost openness around the world, accelerate the global dissemination and sharing of results, and improve the scientific and humanistic literacy of the people. With the development trend of open science becoming more and more powerful, a series of challenges emerge gradually. By analyzing and studying the open science governance framework model, it helps to further sort out the governance logic, clarify the governance subjects and governance mechanisms, which will effectively promote the construction of open science governance system, accelerate the development of science and technology, help China become one of the leaders of the global knowledge community in 2040–2050, and promote the realization of the strategic goal of becoming a world power in science and technology.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：加强基础研究，是实现高水平科技自立自强的迫切要求，是建设世界科技强国的必由之路。文章从基础研究与高水平科技自立自强出发，梳理了一线科学家和管理者对战略性基础研究和有组织的基础研究在面向重大基础社会发展问题和突破关键核心技术重要性的思考，提出：基础研究需要一个包容的生态，没有基础研究就没有思想源泉去发明创造，同时基础研究一些好的研究源头应该来源于应用甚至生产生活实际。战略性基础研究是在基础研究的框架下，注重经济社会发展问题中总结出的重大科学问题，并对现实问题解决有直接的作用。有组织的基础研究是在有相应资源保障支持下围绕相对明确的目标有组织地开展，使国家能够在尖端科技领域保持发展与领先。构建以基础研究为根基的创新驱动需要多元主体共同发挥作用，引导企业加强基础研究投入、推动企业与高校、科研院所联合开展基础研究、加强政府政策制定推行等方面，从而建成一个以基础研究为根基的高效创新体系。
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The construction of the rule of law in science popularization is of great importance to guarantee the implementation of the “Two- Wing theory” and the Broad Science Popularization Strategy. This study systematically reviews the development, status quo, effectiveness and problems of the legal and institutional construction of science popularization in China, and examines the situation, problems and challenges faced by the construction of the rule of law in China’s science popularization in the light of current development situation. Finally, this study puts forward proposals to strengthen the construction of the rule of law in science popularization under the direction of the “Two-Wing theory”, and to guarantee the implementation of the Broad Science Popularization Strategy and the construction of national science popularization capacity.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The national science popularization capacity of the New Era is reflected in the comprehensive strength of one country, which contains the capacity to continuously provide science popularization products and services to the public, improve the scientific literacy of the whole people, cultivate social culture, promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, then support the national innovative development. Based on the theoretical research and construction practice of China’s science popularization capacity , this study analyzes the deficiencies in the current construction of China’s science popularization capacity and the development direction of national science popularization capacity to serve the national development strategy in the new era, and tries to put forward useful suggestions for strengthening the national popular science ability, serving the innovation-driven development and the realization of Chinese path to modernization.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： As one of the two wings of innovation and development, science popularization has become one of the most fundamental factors determining the level of material culture development and national creativity. Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Academicians of Chinese Academy of Engineering (Academicians for short), as outstanding role models of China’s scientific and technological community, have actively borne social responsibility for science popularization and played an important role in different development periods. Entering a high-quality development stage, promoting the transformation of science popularization concepts, achieving high-quality science popularization supply, constructing a large-scale science popularization pattern, and planning a large-scale science popularization strategy to address the many challenges brought about by the knowledge explosion and the digital era and promte the process of Chinese modernization, have become an important task. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of academic popularization and the experience of popular science practice among academicians, this article reinterprets the role and significance of academic popularization from a new historical perspective. It also puts forward suggestions for better playing the role of academicians and promoting the prosperity and development of science popularization.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study starts with the new requirements for the popularization of science put forward at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, and proposes the development ideas for modernizing the popularization of science. It is deeply analyzed the dialectical relationship between the popularization of science and modernization with Chinese characteristics, sorted out how the popularization of science has strongly supported and promoted modernization with Chinese characteristics in history, studied the new situation and problems facing scientific innovation and popularization in the current process of modernization, and put forward the direction for innovative development of the popularization of science in the new era under the guidance of the goal of modernization with Chinese characteristics. The connotation and scope of modernizing the popularization of science are systematically expounded, and five essential characteristics are proposed: modernizing goals, systems, coordination, mechanisms, and means. Furthermore, from three aspects: the vigorous development of undertakings for the popularization of science, the full satisfaction of public demand, the complete and efficient system for the popularization of science, the smooth transformation of innovation achievements, the deeply rooted scientific culture, and the continuous optimization of innovation environment, the vision and goal for modernizing the popularization of science are put forward. Based on this, the construction ideas and implementation paths for modernizing the popularization of science are proposed.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Science is a great cause for human beings to pursue truth. Popularization of science is an important basic work for achieving innovative development. Throughout the history of scientific development, human beings have realized the opening and sharing of knowledge system, the application and promotion of production technology, the inheritance and development of scientific culture, and the enlightenment and education of civilization and rationality through scientific popularization. This study analyzes the role and value of science popularization, and points out that science popularization is conducive to promoting the benign interaction between science and technology and society, improving the efficiency of science and technology governance, improving citizens’ scientific literacy, ensuring citizens’ exercise of scientific and cultural rights, and strengthening the construction of innovation system and innovation culture. Then, focusing on the background that China will vigorously promote Chinese path to modernization in the future, it points out that scientific popularization will make great achievements in talent training, innovative development, social governance, opening up and other aspects. Integrating science and culture into national culture and the spirit of the times through science popularization will help to achieve self-reliance in high level science and technology. Finally, it highlights the responsibility and mission of scientific and technological workers in popularizing science for the benefit of the people, strengthening the platforms for science communication, adhering to the value orientation of science and technology for good, advancing the development of open science, and enhancing international exchange and cooperation in science popularization.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The coordinated development of education-S&T-talent integration (ESTTI) has pointed out the direction for promoting China’s construction of a world science center, a world higher education center, and a world talent center. The study proposes the concept of “stateorganized research” (SOR) based on the trend of “100-year change of centers” of the world’s three major centers and the strengths and weaknesses of China in building the world’s three major centers. The study suggests that the implementation of SOR is the way to transfer the world’s three major centers into China, and puts forward relevant suggestions to build the national innovation eco-systems for the implementation of SOR in China.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, it is emphasized that upholding the principles that science and technology constitute the primary productive force, talent is the primary resource, and innovation is the primary driving force is of utmost importance. The deep implementation of strategies such as the strategy for invigorating the country through science and education, the strategy for strengthening the nation through talent development, and the strategy for driving development through innovation is emphasized. Furthermore, the need to explore new domains and pathways for development, and continuously shape new dynamics and advantages for progress is underscored. Given the urgent needs of these development strategies, establish and develop “innovative research-oriented universities” that center on the integration of “education, science and technology, and human resources” has become a new break-through point for China’s higher education to tackle the “bottlenecks” of scientific research and technology and to support major national strategic needs. Established in 2013, ShanghaiTech University, as an educational reform pilot entity, has made a series of explorations and innovations in promoting interdisciplinary research and integration of science and education in the past ten years, to serve China’s national innovation-driven development strategy. This study, based on the practical experience of ShanghaiTech University over the past decade, explores how innovative research-oriented universities can promote scientific knowledge innovation, cultivate high-level talents, promote high-quality regional development, and help transform China's higher education.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The new era has put forward new and higher requirements for innovative talents in terms of their moral qualities, knowledge structure, and professional abilities. In this context, the practice to cultivate innovative talents in science and technology world-wide has presented new trends, including multidisciplinary collaborations, coherent processes, open coordination among education, research and industry sectors, and empowerment through digital transformation. Relying on the advantages of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) in scientific and technological innovation, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) is exploring educational laws to cultivate high-quality innovative and entrepreneurial talents, especially leading talents in science and technology, actively searching for a new path and mode of talent cultivation through the integration of research and education, in respect to creating organizational models, reforming curriculum and teaching systems, and improving ideological and political work, and faculty development to achieve its educational goals.
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