Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-09-05 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract：目的 / 意义 近代文献中的图像作为重要的历史史料，日益受到人文学者的重视，大规模图像资源的深度标注也随 之成为图像数据基础设施建设的重要组成部分，利用深度学习对海量图像进行内容解析是图像研究的新方向。本文的研究目 的，是通过基于EfficientNet 的迁移学习在近代文献图像分类中的实证研究，解决大规模近代文献图像的自动分类问题，提 高其在实际应用中的准确率和效率。 方法 / 过程 本文的研究方法，是根据近代文献图像中的特征分析，采用 7 645 张近代 文献图像数据集，通过裁切、白平衡、色调分离、仿射变换等图像增强手段串行叠加，提高样本图像的多样性，并通过对深 度学习算法的研究，使用微调的简化 EfficientNet 深度卷积神经网络模型进行迁移学习，最终得到了在近代文献图像分类上 表现良好的模型。 结果 / 结论 本文的研究结论，是根据实验结果发现，该模型有效提高了图像分类效率和分类准确性，对 于解决近代文献中大规模图像的自动分类具有一定的推广价值。
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2023-06-12
Abstract： To explore the application and nursing cooperation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant biliary stricture. From January 2015 to December 2020, 208 patients with biliary stricture of unknown origin were treated with ERCP combined with IDUS. The operation was successfully completed in all 208 cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy, operation and follow-up. There were 87 cases of malignant stricture, including 50 cases of cholangiocarcinoma (21 cases in the lower segment, 19 cases in the middle segment, 10 cases in the upper segment / hilar), 15 cases of pancreatic cancer, 12 cases of ampullary cancer, 10 cases of other metastatic tumor invasion, and 121 cases of benign stricture. There were 92 cases of hyperamylasemia and 1 case of delayed bleeding, no perforation was reported. After fasting, anti-inflammatory, hemostasis, enzyme inhibition and rehydration, they were all improved and discharged. Psychological guidance and perfect preparation before operation, tacit cooperation during operation, prevention and observation of complications, and careful nursing after operation are key issues to ensure the successful completion of the examination.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-11-05 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： ［Purpose/significance］ The Belt and Road Plan initiative leads to the cooperation and exchanges between China and the countries along the Belt and Road. Taking science and technology as the platform, starting from the actual needs of countries along, the authors aim to unite all the scientific forces to implement the service of the Belt and Road initiative, establish the system of science and technology cooperation, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of the Belt and Road in water science and technology cooperation. [Method/process］In this paper, the current situation of the countries along the Belt and Road was analyzed. The challenges in water science and technology were clarified. In addition, the progress and some achievements in the cooperation between the countries along the Belt and Road with Center for Excellence of Water and Environment (CEWE), Chinese Academy of Sciences-Third World Academy Sciences (CAS-TWAS) were shared. [Result/conclusion] CAS-TWAS CEWE made the efforts to explore the mechanism of the cooperation among the government, the industry, the university and the institute. A trinity-based technical assistance mode “talent training-technical assistance-industry follow” is established. On the one hand, CEWE help the innovation and development of water science and technology in those countries along the Belt and Road. On the other hand, CEWE also provides the opportunities for the Chinese water enterprises to carry out the “stepping-out strategy”. Generally speaking, the good phase “technical assistance and economy return” is formed. These achievements improve the Chinese international image based on the green and sustainable foreign policy.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2017-07-13 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的 /意义]一带一路的倡议带动了我国与沿线国家多方位的合作与交流。针对沿线国家在水务科技方面的迫切需求,以我国近年来在相关领域积累的雄厚实力为基础,以科技为平台,探索政产学研合作机制,在帮助沿线国家应对水安全挑战的同时,带动我国水务科技产业走出去,建立双赢的合作模式。[方法 /过程]本文分析了一带一路沿线国家的基本情况,明确了其在水科技领域面临的挑战,分享了中国科学院—发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心(CAS-TWAS CEWE)在与一带一路国家交流合作中的相关进展成果。[结果 /结论 ]CAS-TWAS CEWE积极探索政产学研合作机制,创建了"人才培养—科技援助—企业跟进"三位一体的科...
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2017-04-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract：斯里兰卡位于印度洋东西交通的“十字路口”，是我国建设“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的重要伙伴国。近年来，在中斯两国政府的共同支持下，中科院所属机构和国内的大学以及医学研究机构联合斯里兰卡有关机构，围绕斯里兰卡中部旱区发生的不明原因慢性肾病及其发病机理这一世界难题开展合作研究。同时中方积极回应斯里兰卡朝野的共同关切，为解决斯长期面临的安全饮用水供给问题，以“政产学研”的合作模式，打造“惠民、暖心”的“洁水工程”，努力提升斯里兰卡饮用水安全保障能力，为促进中国与“一带一路”沿线国家的“民心相通”发挥了积极作用。
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2018-02-01 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract： Full cavitation model、mixture and standardκ-εmodel were used to investigate cavitation flow in a centrifugal pump with slope volute. Performance of model pump at cavitation and non-cavitation conditions were obtained, and cavitation bubbles distribution in blade surface and channel were discussed. The results show that: at high flow rate, cavitation easily occurs in model pump. When static pressure at pump inlet decreases, cavitation bubbles firstly appear in suction pressure side of blade inlet. With pressure reducing further, cavitation region expands to impeller outlet, and head of model pump is affected obviously. Then cavitation regions transforms to blade pressure side, and the whole impeller channel are filled with cavitation bubbles leading to pump performance dropping rapidly. At full cavitation condition, steady operating status of model pump is destroyed. Under different NPSH working conditions, pressure amplitude at blade passing frequency differs, and pressure amplitude almost reaches minimum value at critical NPSH.
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：本文以单级蜗壳式离心泵为研究对象，基于BANS进行了全流场的非定常数值计算，探讨了叶轮的非定常流动特征，重点分析了叶轮出口沿轴向变化的圆周面流域内各节点的压力分布特性。结果表明:在叶片压力面及叶片后缘尾迹区发生了剧烈的湍流脉动现象;不同工况下叶轮出口圆周方向的压力系数马均在隔舌附近产生极值;额定工况Q/QN =1时，叶轮出口圆周方向的压力系数马呈稳定周期性分布，随着工况的改变，压力系数马沿蜗壳周向分布不均匀性增加;小流量工况下叶轮流域内发生了明显的流动分离现象，流道内产生了较大尺度的分离涡，破坏了叶轮出口圆周方向压力系数马的周期性分布特性;叶轮出口圆周压力系数马沿中截面两侧的流域内几乎对称分布;在Q/QN=0.2小流量工况下，压力脉动频谱图低频段内出现了较多复杂的激励信号，认为这与流域内的分离涡结构具有一定关联。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-05-29 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index，LAI）高度综合了植被水平覆盖状况和垂直结构，以及枯枝落叶层厚薄和地下生物量多少，是植被影响土壤侵蚀的主要方面。区域尺度的时间序列叶面积指数揭示了区域土壤侵蚀的演化过程。因此，及时准确地掌握区域尺度上长时间序列的植被LAI，对研究土壤侵蚀动态变化与植被的关系至关重要。选择南京市1988-2013年10期遥感影像，基于反向传播（Back Propagation，BP）神经网络构建LAI反演模型，进行了长时间序列的叶面积指数反演。结合2009和2010年LAI实测值，验证与探讨了该模型的评价精度与适应性。结果表明：（1）该模型拟合度较高，2009和2010年平均相对误差、均方根误差、相关系数分别是0.2395和0.2174，0.2962和0.2581，0.7713和0.6844，各项精度评价指标均较好；（2）统计分析去除耕地后全市LAI变化，低植被覆盖（LAI3）面积先减少后增加，耕地面积不断减少，符合南京市的发展变化规律；（3）主城区LAI年际变化与其他学者得到的南京市植被盖度变化趋势一致，反演结果的时序性较高。本文提出的基于反向传播神经网络模型反演长时间序列LAI是可行的，为区域尺度土壤侵蚀定量遥感监测提供新途径。
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2018-01-02 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract： Pressure pulsations due to rotor-stator interaction are vital factors induced vibration and noise incentrifugal pumps, which have a great influence on the stable operating of the pumps. To have a comprehensiveunderstanding of pressure spectrum characteristics of a low specific speed centrifugal pump, twenty pressuretransduces are evenly mounted on the volute casing to obtain pressure pulsation signals. Results show that: pressurespectrum shows typical discrete characteristics, and evident peaks occur at blade passing frequency fBPF and itshigher harmonics. Components at shaft rotating frequency fR together with the non-linear peaks between fBPF and fRare not evident. At nominal and high flow rates, the maximum amplitude occurs at the point after the volute tongue,and at the point before the volute tongue, pressure amplitude is much smaller. This phenomenon is not observed atlow flow rates. With the angle increasing, pressure amplitude shows a decreasing tendency. Minimum amplitudeoccurs at 0.9Qd, and pressure amplitude increases rapidly when flow rate deviating from 0.9Qd.
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：离心泵内部由叶轮一隔舌动静干涉作用诱发的压力脉动是激励离心泵振动噪声的重要因素，对泵的稳定、安全运行有重要影响。为了全面获得离心泵压力脉动特性，本文采用试验手段对一台低比转速离心泵进行压力脉动试验，在蜗壳周向均布20个高频压力脉动传感器对压力信号进行提取。结果表明:离心泵压力频谱呈现典型的离散特征，峰值信号出现在叶频及其高次谐波处，压力频谱中没有出现明显的轴频及其和叶频非线性干涉诱发的峰值信号。不同测量点处压力脉动幅值差异显著，在设计点及大流量工况，叶频处压力脉动幅值极大值点出现在隔舌后端区域范围内，而在隔舌前部区域内，压力脉动幅值较小;且随着角度的增加，叶频处压力脉动幅值呈现递减的趋势，而在小流量工况叶频处压力脉动幅值并没有出现在隔舌后端区域内。流量对叶频处压力脉动幅值影响显著，压力脉动幅值极小值点出现在0.9岛附近，而在偏离该工况时，压力脉动幅值迅速上升。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究低聚木糖（XOS）对花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）幼鱼生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标及肠道菌群组成的影响。选用360尾规格一致[（19.37±0.196） g]的花鲈幼鱼，随机分为6组，每组3个重复，每个重复20尾鱼。各组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0（对照组）、200（D200组）、400（D400组）、600（D600组）、800 （D800组）和1 000 mg/kg低聚木糖（D1000组）的饲料。试验期45 d。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，D200、D400、D600组的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）提高（P>0.05），D800（P>0.05）和D1000组（P0.05）。4）与对照组相比，D200、D400、D600、D800和D1000组的肠道中沙门氏菌数量显著降低（P<0.05），D200、D400和D1000组的肠道中大肠杆菌数量均显著降低（P<0.05），D200、D400和D600组的肠道中双歧杆菌数量显著增加（P<0.05）。由此可见，综合各试验指标，饲料中添加350～560 mg/kg的低聚木糖对花鲈幼鱼生长性能、免疫功能及肠道健康影响效果最佳。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper makes a sorting and review on the existing experimental study of online health information seeking behavior, and makes some specific proposal on future experiment research's extended application, aiming to provide some references for the selection of follow-up study.[Method/process] This paper used qualitative data analysis software to analyze the content of the 41 research literatures on experimental study of online health information seeking behavior, and sorted out 4 aspects of behavior influence factor, behavior type, behavior situation and behavior group characteristics. Through the specific analysis, the experimental content and future extended application's research directions were discussed in detail.[Result/conclusion] On the basis of the totalization of behavior influence factor, the depth of behavior type, the diversification of behavior situation, the multi-dimensional and detail of behavior group characteristics, the future research directions of online health information seeking behavior experiment should focus on those aspects:the applying method of experimental research in real environment, the comparative study of mobile and cross-screen search of health information, the differentiation analysis of especial situation and group and so on.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： Salt solution immersion test was employed to examine the effect of four amounts of the coated antirust oil i.e. 0.4, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.7 g/m2 respectively on the corrosion performance of coldrolled steel. The results showed that after immersed in 5%NaCl solution for 4 h, the 1.7 g/m2 oilcoated steel exhibited the highest protective efficacy 52.13%, the 0.4 g/m2 oil-coated steel exhibited the lowest protective efficacy only 29.2%. After immersion for 20 h, only those coated with 1.2 and 1.7 g/m2 antirust oil can reach the B rusting grade. The data of EIS and Mott-Schottky tests for the same immersion time showed that the larger amount of the coated oil on the steel had, the smaller the charge transfer resistance and the bigger the carrier density are, which indicated a better corrosion resistance.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： One of the most pervasive challenges affecting human and planetary well-being is inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Problems with water are expected to become worse in the coming decades, with water scarcity occurring globally, in the face of ever-growing populations, intensive human activities, and climatic variation. Addressing the aforementioned water security has been achieved consensus and has been included into the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations’ Agenda 2030. Despite these ample opportunities, it remains challenging to create reliable, sustainable, and affordable solutions to providing universal access to clean water and sanitation. In this context, the emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technology can be an attractive solution to help with this challenge. We summarized the core of the SDGs-Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and the problems encountered during the progress to date. Building upon which, we conducted a literature review and provided a state-of-the-art analysis of leveraging AI to help achieving SDGs-Goal 6 alongside the resultant impacts. Afterwards, we highlighted the key issues necessary to be tackled in the coming years if AI is expected to be well applied with its maximum benefits. Plus, we put forward the prospects of future efforts on this revolution.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《金属学报》
Abstract： Hydrogen gas is usually included in coal gas environment, so hydrogen induced permeation would happen to pipeline, especially in welding heat affected zone (HAZ). Hydrogen permeation process in pipeline is the preconditions for the following hydrogen embrittlement failure. With the development of coal gas industry, the basic research to the hydrogen permeation behavior in pipeline under coal gas circumstance is still unfortunately lack and urgently needed to supplement. In this work, X80 pipeline steel was used, and the HAZ samples, including intercritical heat affected zone (ICHAZ), fine grained heat affected zone (FGHAZ) and coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ), were experimentally simulated using a Gleeble 3500 simulator. Next, hydrogen permeation tests were conducted on X80 pipeline steel and HAZs in coal gas environment. Calculated results indicated that the hydrogen diffusion coefficient increased with the rise of peak temperature in HAZs, but it was opposite to other parameters, such as sub-surface hydrogen concentration, hydrogen solubility and hydrogen trap density. The mechanism of the difference in HAZ hydrogen permeation parameters was analyzed combined with OM, EBSD and TEM analysis. It turned out that the content of large-angle grain boundaries, the grain boundary straightness and dislocation density were the main factors, where the large-angle grain boundaries and dislocations could dramatically arrest hydrogen atoms while the straight grain boundaries may act as hydrogen diffusion path. For FGHAZ, the straight grain boundary and low dislocation density compared with matrix played the predominant role in hydrogen diffusion process, and thus the hydrogen diffusion coefficient increased compared with steel substrate. For ICHAZ and CGHAZ, the decrease of large-angle grain boundaries and dislocation density acted as the main factor, especially for CGHAZ, the microstructures was mainly composed of tabular bainite ferrite (BF) with large grain size and straight grain boundaries because of the highest peak temperature, and the content of large-angle grain boundaries decreased obviously. In comparation with other regions, CGHAZ had the highest hydrogen diffusion coefficient and the lowest hydrogen trap density and hydrogen solubility.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the release of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), MMP-9, and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in cultured mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) in vitro. Methods Primarily cultured mouse BMMCs at 8 weeks were exposed PBS (control) or TNF-α at the concentrations of 2, 10, or 50 ng/mL for 12 or 24 h. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, and IL-17 in the exposed cells. Results A 12-hour exposure of the BMMCs to TNF-α caused significantly increased expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, and IL-17 in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Prolonged exposures of the cells to 2 and 10 TNF-α for 24 h further increased MMP-3, MMP-9, and IL-17 mRNA expressions, but exposure to 50 ng/mL TNF-α for 24 h increased only MMP-3 and MMP-9 expressions but not IL-17 mRNA expression. Conclusions TNF-α treatment of primarily cultured BMMCs can significantly increase the cellular expressions of MMP-3, MMP-9, and IL-17 mRNAin a time- and dose-dependent manner.
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-11-23 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：核主泵内的流动不稳定将会引起严重振动，不利于其安全稳定运行。因此本文基于大涡模拟(LES)数值计算方法对几个典型工况下核主泵内部非稳态流动结构及其压力脉动特性进行全面阐述与关联性分析。研究表明，随着流量的增加，动静干涉作用在导叶出口处逐渐增加；偏工况条件下，导叶出口处压力脉动频谱低频段中均出现复杂激励频率，尤其是靠近出液管附近的导叶出口处。核主泵在偏大流量工况下运行时壳体右侧内部非稳态流动结构相较于壳体左侧更加复杂；在偏小流量工况下运行时壳体底部压力脉动更加剧烈。本文进一步详细描述了核主泵球形壳体内强涡量区的流动结构及其成因，并且发现测点处的压力频谱与涡量频谱有相同的主要激励频率，因此证明核主泵内非定常旋涡流动结构是激励压力脉动的主因之一。
Subjects: Dynamic and Electric Engineering >> Engineering Thermophysics submitted time 2017-10-30 Cooperative journals: 《工程热物理学报》
Abstract：核主泵内的流动不稳定将会引起严重振动，不利于其安全稳定运行。因此本文基于大涡模拟(LES)数值计算方法对几个典型工况下核主泵内部非稳态流动结构及其压力脉动特性进行全面阐述与关联性分析。研究表明，随着流量的增加，动静干涉作用在导叶出口处逐渐增加；偏工况条件下，导叶出口处压力脉动频谱低频段中均出现复杂激励频率，尤其是靠近出液管附近的导叶出口处。核主泵在偏大流量工况下运行时壳体右侧内部非稳态流动结构相较于壳体左侧更加复杂；在偏小流量工况下运行时壳体底部压力脉动更加剧烈。本文进一步详细描述了核主泵球形壳体内强涡量区的流动结构及其成因，并且发现测点处的压力频谱与涡量频谱有相同的主要激励频率，因此证明核主泵内非定常旋涡流动结构是激励压力脉动的主因之一。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2022-09-13 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Breast cancer has become the most prevalent cancer worldwide and its treatment, and recovery process often causes severe psychological distress to patients. Numerous systematic reviews (SRs) have found Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to be effective in the psychological care of breast cancer patients. However, the quality of the original studies included in the SR, the level of evidence, and the observed indicators vary considerably, resulting in significant differences in outcome indicators. Objective To re-evaluate the SRs on the efficacy of MBSR in breast cancer patients and to provide decision-making references for the application of MBSR in the psychological care of breast cancer patients. Methods PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, JBI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data and China BioMedical Literature database (CBM) were systematically searched for SR/Meta-analysis of MBSR in breast cancer patients, searched up to July 2022. Two investigators screened the literature based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and extracted relevant information. The methodological quality, reporting norms and quality of evidence were assessed through A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2), Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE), respectively. Results A total of 14 SR were identified. AMSTAR 2 showed that only 1 SR was a high-quality study, and two essential items were missing. PRISMA statement showed that the reporting quality deficiencies were mainly in the study protocol registration, risk of inter-study bias assessment and funding sources. There were 15 outcome indicators with 73 bodies of evidence in 14 SR, and the GRADE showed that 2 were of high quality, 48 were of moderate quality, and 22 were of low quality. MBSR could improve breast cancer patients’ anxiety, depression, fatigue and stress in different degrees, and the short-term effect was significant, but the long-term effect was uncertain. Conclusion The quality of evidence for SR for MBSR interventions in breast cancer patients is not yet high, and the methodological quality and reporting standard of the studies need to be further improved. MBSR has shown promising improvements in psychological status and other indicators in breast cancer patients, but more high-quality, large sample studies are needed to validate further.
Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
YAO Jinglong
CHEN Haitao
ZHANG Changsheng
YANG Min
WANG Weiqiang
WEI Yuansong
PAN Gang
WANG Yawei
LUO Yao
ZHONG Hui
ZHANG Zhenqiu
Abstract： Under the guidance of the new development paradigm, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has started a series of pioneering international cooperation in the Belt and Road countries with scientific and technological innovation, especially along the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. CAS advanced the practical cooperation with the research institutions of the countries to improve their research and innovation capabilities. Taking the example of high-quality development, the China-Sri Lanka Joint Center for Education and Research (CSL-CER), satisfied the Sri Lanka’s demands for science and education. This paper describes the progress and significance of achieved results by promoting high-quality development, and suggests for the development of CSL-CER in the future.
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