Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the era of digital economy, open source innovation has become the stimulator of innovation vitality, and is becoming an important source of high-quality supply of digital public goods. This study focuses on the importance of promoting the open source of state-funded scientific research projects, and summarizes the practical experience and policy measures of major countries and regions in the world on the open source of state-funded scientific research projects. It is also emphasized that the challenges of promoting the open source of state-funded scientific research projects in China. Suggestions for promoting the establishment of an open source mechanism of scientific research achievements are presented in this paper.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper aims to explore user roles and behaviors in the learning groups' online knowledge collaboration and their collaborative features and distributions. This study will help people better understand behavioral features and distributions of collaborative user roles in the learning groups' collaboration. It will also help information service providers to provide more useful information to different users.[Method/process] By the methods of social network analysis (SNA) and cluster analysis, we collected 1096 collaborative log edits from an online course collaboration platform and analyzed them. [Result/conclusion] In learning groups' online knowledge collaboration, leaders play a significant leading role,substantial content providers focus on providing contentand have little communications with other users despite some micro-collaboration among themselves. Maintainer corrects the editing vulnerabilities and misbehavior of other roles in the collaboration, and also maintain close relationships with key users in the group. The contribution of social connectors is not quite obvious in learning groups.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-07-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background There is a high prevalence of polypharmacy among elderly patients with severe situation. There is an urgent need for more comprehensive and objective tools to assess the benefits and risks of medication use in patients to ensure maximum length of life and quality of life for patients. Objective To translate the Patient-reported Outcomes Measureof Pharmaceutical Therapy for Quality of Life（PROMPT-QoL） Scale into Chinese and evaluate its reliability and validity among elderly patients with polypharmacy. Methods With the authorization of the original author，Brislin's translation model of forward-back translation，cultural adaptation，and cognitive interviews were used to develop a test draft of the Chinese version of the PROMPT-QoL. Elderly patients with polypharmacy who visited outpatient clinics，received health checkups and took medicine at community health centers of Gongyuan street，Beishan street and Henan street，Yanji Hospital and Yanbian University Hospital from June to August in 2022 were selected as the survey respondents. Item analysis was conducted using the item-dimension correlation analysis and the critical ratio（CR）. The content validity of the scale was evaluated using the item-level content validity index（I-CVI），universal agreement scale-level CVI（S-CVI/UA） and average scale-level CVI（S-CVI/AVE）. Structural validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis （EFA） and confirmatory factor analysis（CFA）. Internal consistency tests（Cronbach's alpha coefficient） and the split-half coefficient were used to assess reliability. Results A total of 590 patients were investigated and 564 valid data were recovered，with a recovery rate of 95.8%. Among them，234 data were applied to the item analysis and EFA in the first stage，and 330 data were applied to the CFA in the second stage. The correlation coefficients between the scores of each item and the scores of each dimension ranged from 0.504~0.915（P<0.01），and the CR value of each item was >3.0（P<0.05）. The I-CVI ranged from 0.89 to 1.00，the S-CVI/UA was 0.91>0.80，and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.99>0.90. A total of 8 common factors were extracted from EFA，which were basically consistent with the results of the source questionnaire，among which item G34 had a loading of <0.40 on the common factor to which it belonged，so this item was deleted. CFA was performed on the remaining 41 items as follows：χ2/df=2.160，goodness of fit index（GFI）=0.791，normed fit index（NFI）=0.848，incremental fit index（IFI）=0.912，comparative fit idex（CFI）=0.911，Tucker#2;Lewis index（TLI）=0.902，root mean square error of approximation（RMSEA）=0.059. In the reliability test，Cronbach's （ coefficient for the scale was 0.839，Cronbach's（coefficient for each dimension ranged from 0.823 to 0.955，and the split-half coefficient of each dimension ranged from 0.815 to 0.957. Conclusion The Chinese version of the PROMPT-QoL scale has good reliability and validity，and can be applied to evaluate the pharmaceutical therapy-related quality of life of elderly patients with polypharmacy in China.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Recent studies on face processing have shown our sensitivity to changes in facial configural and featural information. However, to our knowledge, the integration of the two types of facial information is poorly understood. To this end, this study explored the integration of facial information cross configural and featural dimensions within specific facial regions (i.e., eyes and mouth). The theoretical hypothesis includes (1) If participants can integrate facial information in both facial configural and featural dimensions, they should be more sensitive to changes in dual-dimension information as opposed to those in a single-dimension, that is a cross-dimension covariation enhancement effect; (2) The “cross-dimension covariation enhancement effect” should be face region-selective: It is expected to be stronger in the eyes region than the mouth region; (3) Face inversion should impair the “cross-dimension covariation enhancement effect”. To test these predictions, we designed two 3 (facial information type: configural change, featural change, both change) × 2 (face orientation: upright, inversion) experiments for eye region and mouth region information change respectively. Participants' sensitivity to information change was measured in a 2-face discrimination task. Results revealed that (1) participants were more sensitive to “dual” change in eye region as compared to changes in either single configural or featural information; (2) this effect is both orientation-specific (i.e., no effect was found in eye region when faces were inverted) and region-specific (i.e., no effect was found in mouth region regardless of face orientation), suggesting that this effect cannot be simply explained by the extra facial information changes in the “dual” condition; (3) When single facial information was altered, face inversion reduced the detection of facial information changes in the mouth region, but not those changes in the eyes region. In sum, our findings showed that face cross-dimension (i.e., configural and featural) information integration occurred in the eye region of upright faces, but not in the mouth region or inverted faces. The face orientation-specificity and facial region-specificity suggested that the integration happens at facial-region level, possibly involving face holistic processing. The traditional face holistic processing hypothesis emphasized integrating facial information across whole face region. The current findings suggest that face region might act as a key component in the framework of holistic face processing theory. Finally, by revisiting the “perceptual field” hypothesis, the “expertise area” hypothesis, and the “region-selective holistic processing” hypothesis, we discussed an eye region-centered, hierarchical, multi-dimensional information integration hypothesis.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： People recognize familiar faces more quickly and accurately than unfamiliar faces. Previous studies found that both holistic processing and part-based processing play a role in recognizing familiar faces efficiently. However, familiarization with faces may not happen and be accomplished in a short period of time for both types of processing. Few research has focused on the progress of familiarization with individuals' faces in real life: Did it reach a ceiling-level of recognition in a short period of time (sudden change) or over a long period of time (gradual change)? And what role did part-based processing and holistic processing play in the recognition improvement during face familiarization? In the current study, we recruited 57 undergraduate students, 30 from one class (Group 1: 20 females, Mage = 18.4, SD = 0.8) and the remaining 27 from another class (Group 2: 18 females, Mage = 19.2, SD = 0.8). They got along with their classmates for 1 month (Group 1) and 13 months (Group 2) of daily interactions, respectively. Three delayed-matching tasks (Whole-face Learning, Regional-part Learning, and Regional-periphery Learning) were used to test the participants' face recognition performance in part-based processing and holistic processing. The “Regional-part” was an eye or the mouth, respectively. The “Regional-periphery” was a face with an eye masked or the mouth masked. In each trial, a fixation point (800 ms) was presented at the center of the screen, then the learning stimulus (500 ms) was presented with the specific part (eye or mouth) at the fixation point location. After that, four whole faces (5000 ms) were displayed on the screen after a blank (1000 ms). The participants were asked to choose the face with the same identity as the learning stimuli. Results showed: (1) The recognition performance of familiar faces improved with the increase in daily-interaction time. The familiarity effect (the difference between recognizing the classmates and strangers) of participants with 13 months of daily interaction was higher than that of participants with 1 month. (2) The recognition performance of familiar faces was higher than that of unfamiliar faces in the Part Learning task and in the Part-masking Learning task, which indicated that both the part-based processing and holistic processing were enhanced by familiarity. (3) With the increase in face familiarity, the performance of the eye region and mouth region showed regional asynchronization. Participants with 1 month of daily-interaction time showed no familiarity effect in recognizing the region of the eye, but a significant familiarity effect in recognizing the peripheral region of the eye; and they showed significant familiarity effects both in recognizing the region of the mouth and the peripheral region of the mouth. Participants with 13 months showed a familiarity effect in recognizing the region of the eye, and a stronger familiarity effect in recognizing the peripheral region of the eye; and they showed no familiarity effect in recognizing the region of the mouth but a familiarity effect in recognizing the peripheral region of the mouth. (4) For unfamiliar faces (r = 0.412, p = 0.024; r = 0.439, p = 0.022) and familiar faces with 1 month (r = 0.428, p = 0.018) and 13 months daily interaction (r = 0.609, p = 0.001), the performance of recognizing the peripheral region of the eye was positively correlated with the performance of recognizing the whole faces. For familiar faces with 13 months of daily interaction, the performance of recognizing the region of the eye was positively correlated with the performance of recognizing the whole face (r = 0.562, p = 0.002). The results implied that familiarization of face identity was gradual. Familiarization promoted part-based processing and holistic processing. The improvement of the holistic processing preceded that of the part-based processing. In addition, the improvement in recognizing the eye region and the mouth region showed regional asynchrony during familiarization. Familiar face recognition has eye region specificity. Holistic processing in the eye region plays a key role in the establishment of memory representations of familiar faces. These results suggest that Regional Asynchrony and Eye Region-specificity emerged during the familiarization. New knowledge for understanding the mechanism of face memory representation formation was provided.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-12-08
Abstract：
People recognize familiar faces more quickly and accurately than unfamiliar faces. Previous studies found that both holistic processing and part-based processing play a role in recognizing familiar faces efficiently. However, familiarization with faces may not happen and be accomplished in a short period of time. Little research has focused on the progress of familiarization with individuals' faces in real life: Did it reach a ceiling-level of recognition in a short period of time (sudden change) or over a long period of time (gradual change)? And what role did part-based processing and holistic processing play in the recognition improvement during face familiarization? In the current study, we recruited 57 undergraduate students, 30 from one class (Group 1: 20 females, age M = 18.4, SD = 0.8) and the remaining 27 from another class (Group 2: 18 females, age M = 19.2, SD = 0.8). They got along with their classmates for 1 month (Group 1) and 13 months (Group 2) of daily interactions, respectively. Three delayed-matching tasks (Whole-face Learning, Part Learning, and Part-masking Learning) were used to test the participants' face recognition performance, part-based processing level, and holistic processing level. The parts included eye and mouth, respectively. In each trial, a fixation point (800ms) was presented at the center of the screen, then the learning stimulus (500ms) was presented with the specific part (eye or mouth) at the fixation point location, and four whole faces (5000ms) were displayed on the screen after a blank (1000ms). The participants were asked to choose the face with the same identity as the learning stimuli. Results showed: (1) The recognition performance of familiar faces improved with the increase in daily-interaction time. The familiarity effect (the difference between recognizing the classmates and strangers) of participants with 13 months of daily interaction was higher than that of participants with 1 month. (2) The recognition performance of familiar faces was higher than that of unfamiliar faces in the Part Learning task and in the Part-masking Learning task, which indicated that both the part-based processing and holistic processing were enhanced by familiarity. (3) With the increase in face familiarity, the performance of the eye region and mouth region showed regional asynchronization. Participants with 1 month of daily-interaction time showed no familiarity effect in recognizing the region of the eye, but a significant familiarity effect in recognizing the peripheral region of the eye; and they showed significant familiarity effects both in recognizing the region of the mouth and the peripheral region of the mouth. Participants with 13 months showed a familiarity effect in recognizing the region of the eye, and a stronger familiarity effect in recognizing the peripheral region of the eye; and they showed no familiarity effect in recognizing the region of the mouth but a familiarity effect in recognizing the peripheral region of the mouth. (4) For unfamiliar faces (r= 0.412，p= 0.024; r= 0.439，p= 0.022) and familiar faces with 1 month (r= 0.428，p= 0.018) and 13 months daily interaction (r= 0.609，p= 0.001), the performance of recognizing the peripheral region of the eye was positively correlated with the performance of recognizing the whole faces. For familiar faces with 13 months of daily interaction, the performance of recognizing the region of the eye was positively correlated with the performance of recognizing the whole face (r= 0.562，p= 0.002). The results implied that the familiarization of face identity was a gradual process that lasts over one month. Familiarization promoted part-based processing and holistic processing, but the improvement of the holistic processing preceded that of the part-based processing. In addition, the improvement in recognizing the eye region and the mouth region showed regional asynchrony during the familiarization. Familiar face recognition has eye region specificity, and holistic processing in the eye region plays a key role in the establishment of memory representations of familiar faces. Results provide new knowledge for understanding the mechanism of face memory representation formation. These results suggest that Regional Asynchrony and Eye Region specificity emerged during the familiarization and provide new knowledge for the underlying mechanism of face representation.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Experimental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-11-23
Abstract：面孔知觉可能在区域尺度上发生多维信息整合，但迄今无特异性实验证据。本研究在两个实验中操纵面孔眼睛区域或嘴巴区域的单维构型或特征信息，测量人们觉察单维变化或跨维共变的敏感度，以此检测面孔区域尺度上的多维信息整合有何现象与规律，进而揭示面孔知觉的多维信息整合机制。实验获得三个发现：（1）正立面孔眼睛区域的信息变化觉察呈现出“跨维共变增益效应”，跨维信息共变觉察的敏感度显著高于任意一种单维信息变化觉察的敏感度；（2）“跨维共变增益效应”只在正立面孔的眼睛区域出现，在倒置面孔的眼睛区域、正立面孔的嘴巴区域或倒置面孔的嘴巴区域都没有出现，因此具有面孔区域特异性和面孔朝向特异性；（3）就单维信息变化觉察而言，眼睛区域的敏感度不会受到面孔倒置的损伤，但是嘴巴区域的敏感度会受到面孔倒置的显著损伤。综合可知，面孔知觉确实会发生区域尺度上的信息整合，而且它不是普遍性的信息量效应，是特异性的（只发生在正立面孔的眼睛区域）将单维信息分辨和全脸多维整合联系起来的整合加工；提示我们对全脸多维信息知觉整合的理解需要从传统的面孔整体加工假设（face holistic processing hypothesis）扩展到以眼睛为中心的层级化（hierarchical）多维信息整合机制。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：奶牛酮病是围产期奶牛常见的营养代谢性疾病，给奶牛业造成了腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶信号转导通路在奶牛酮病发生和发展过程中的调控机制 巨大的损失。奶牛酮病发生时，相关的能量代谢激素也发生了明显的变化，主要是胰高血糖素和胰岛素。腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶被认为是机体的能量感受器，一些能量代谢激素可以引起其活性的变化。本文就胰高血糖素和胰岛素对腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶信号转导通路发生作用机制做一论述，旨在为下一步研究奶牛酮病提供理论支持。
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Plant ecology, plant geography submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract： Aims Monitoring and quantifying the biomass and its distribution in urban trees and forests are crucial to understanding the role of vegetation in an urban environment.In this paper, an estimation method for biomass of urban forests was developed for the Shanghai metropolis, China, based on spatial analysis and a wide variety of data from field inventory and remote sensing. Methods An optimal regression model between forest biomass and auxiliary variables was established by stepwise regression analysis. The residual value of regression model was computed for each of the sites sampled and interpolated by Inverse-distance weighting (IDW) to predict residual errors of other sites not subjected to sampling. Forest biomass in the study area was estimated by combining the regression model based on remote sensing image data and residual errors of spatial distribution map.According to the distribution of plantations and management practices, a total of 93 sample plots were established between June 2011 and June 2012 in the Shanghai metropolis. To determine a suitable model, several spectral vegetation indices relating to forest biomass and structure such as normalized difference vegetation Index (NDVI), ratio vegetation index(RVI),difference vegetation index(DVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index(SAVI), and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index(MSAVI), and new images synthesized through band combinations such as the sum of TM2 , TM3 and TM4 (denoted Band234), and the sum of TM3, TM4 and TM5(denoted Band345) were used as alternative auxiliary parameters . Important findings The biomass density in urban forests of the Shanghai metropolis varied from 15 to 120 t*hm–2. The higher densities of forest biomass concentrated mostly in the urban areas, e.g. in districts of Jing’an and Huangpu, mostly ranging from 35 to 70 t*hm–2. Suburban localities such as the districts of Jiading and Qingpu had lower biomass densities at around 15 to 50 t*hm–2.The biomass density of Cinnamomum camphora trees across the Shanghai metropolis varied between20 and 110 t*hm–2.The spatial biomass distribution of urban forests displayed a tendency of higher densities in northeastern areas and lower densities in southwestern areas. The total biomass was 3.57 million tons(Tg) for urban forests and 1.33 Tg for Cinnamomum camphora trees. The overall forest biomass was also found to be distributed mostly in the suburban areas with a fraction of 93.9 %, whereas the urban areas shared a fraction of only 6.1%. In terms of the areas, the suburban and urban forests accounted for 95.44% and 4.56%, respectively, of the total areas in the Shanghai metropolis. Among all the administrative districts, the Chongming county and the new district of Pudong had the highest and the second highest biomass, accounting for 20.1% and 19.18% of the total forest biomass, respectively. In contrast, the Jing’an district accounted for only 0.11% of the total forest biomass. The root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error(MAE) and mean relative error (MRE) of the model for estimating urban forest biomass in this study were8.39, 6.86 and 24.22%, respectively, decreasing by 57.69%, 55.43% and 64% compared to the original simple regression model and by 62.21%, 58.5%, 65.4% compared to the spatial analysis method.Our results indicated that a more efficient way to estimate urban forest biomass in the Shanghai metropolis might be achieved by combining spatial analysis with regression analysis. In fact, the estimated results based on the proposed model are also more comparable to the up-scaled forest inventory data at a city scale than the results obtained using regression analysis or spatial analysis alone.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment