Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-11-02 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（allo-HSCT） is an effective treatment for hematopoietic malignancies. Malnutrition is a common complication and negatively affects prognosis. Muscle mass has been shown to reflect the nutritional status of patients earlier than blood biochemical parameters such as albumin. However，the influence of pre-transplantation muscle mass on the complications associated with early transplantation remains unclear. Objective To investigate the effect of pre-transplant skeletal muscle mass on the early outcomes of allo-HSCT，provide a clinical basis for nutritional interventions and prognosis improvement. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted with 77 leukemia patients who underwent allo-HSCT at the Medical Center of Hematology，Xinqiao Hospital in Chongqing from January to October 2022. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to assess skeletal muscle mass. The patients were divided into the normal skeletal muscle mass（normal SMM） group of 36 cases and low skeletal muscle mass（low SMM） group of 41 cases according to their skeletal muscle mass. Baseline data，including personal and clinical details，were collected. Early post-transplant complications （within 30 days post-transplant） such as oral mucositis，gastrointestinal symptoms，infection and hematopoietic reconstitution time between the two groups were compared using SPSS 23.0 software. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of diarrhea，nausea，vomiting，and abdominal pain/gastritis incidence between the normal and low SMM groups（P>0.05）. The incidence of oral mucositis，hypoalbuminemia，overt gastrointestinal bleeding，and infection was lower in the normal SMM group than in the low SMM group（P<0.05）. The severity of oral mucositis in patients in the normal SMM group was lower than that in the low SMM group（P<0.001）. Neutrophil implantation time and platelet implantation time were longer in patients in the low SMM group than in the normal SMM group（P<0.01）. Conclusion The pre-transplant patients had a high incidence of low skeletal muscle mass. The low skeletal muscle mass before transplantation correlates with the occurrence of oral mucositis，hypoalbuminemia，overt gastrointestinal bleeding，and infections，as well as extended neutrophil and platelet engraftment time in the early transplantation period，and patients should be screened as early as possible prior to transplantation to boost skeletal muscle mass and improve early post-transplant outcomes.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： In the process of reading, readers mainly obtain information through the fovea region—in particular, the parafovea plays an important role in information acquisition. Readers can obtain certain information from the parafovea through previewing processing, thus promoting the improvement of reading efficiency, which is called the “previewing effect”. The effect of the processing load of the fovea on the previewing effect of parafovea has become a popular research focus of late. For example, studies based on alphabetic languages have found that the previewing effect of the parafovea is greater for high-frequency and short words than for low-frequency and the long words. While Tibetan is an analphabetic language, it also belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and has many similarities with Chinese. However, it is still largely unclear how to reflect the above role in the process of Tibetan reading. Will it only show the common characters of alphabetic languages or will it show some Chinese characteristics? The present study aimed to provide experimental evidence to respond to these research questions. Two experiments were carried out on 119 Tibetan undergraduate students. More specifically, participants were asked to read Tibetan sentences and their eye movements during reading were recorded using an SR Research EyeLink 1000Plus eye tracker (sampling rate = 1000 Hz). Experiment 1 manipulated the fovea word frequency (i.e., high vs. low frequency) to investigate the word frequency effect and word frequency delay effect of fovea words in Tibetan reading. The results showed a word frequency effect and a word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading. Experiment 2 manipulated both fovea word frequency and parafovea previewing word types with the aid of boundary paradigm to investigate the previewing effect of parafovea and the effect of fovea word frequency on the previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading. The results showed a previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading and that, when compared with low-frequency fovea words, high-frequency fovea words had a greater promoting effect on the previewing effect of parafovea.The primary findings can be summarized as follows: (1) significant word frequency effect exists in Tibetan reading, which is reflected in the whole process of vocabulary processing; (2) there is a significant word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading, which runs through the whole process of vocabulary processing; (3) there is a significant previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading, through which the reader can extract speech and font information; and (4) in Tibetan reading, fovea word frequency affects the size of the previewing effect of parafovea—moreover, word frequency only affects the extraction of shape previewing information in the early stage of lexical processing, that is, the previewing effect of high-frequency words is greater under the condition of shape previewing.In conclusion, the effect of the processing load of the fovea on the previewing effect of parafovea shows the common characteristics of alphabetic languages in Tibetan reading. In addition, this study found that reading Tibetan involves the word frequency delay effect and the previewing effect of parafovea; these findings support the theory of parafovea sequence processing in the E-Z reader model.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-05-25
Abstract： In the process of reading, readers mainly obtain information through the fovea region—in particular, the parafovea plays an important role in information acquisition. Readers can obtain certain information from the parafovea through previewing processing, thus promoting the improvement of reading efficiency, which is called the “previewing effect”. The effect of the processing load of the fovea on the previewing effect of parafovea has become a popular research focus of late. For example, studies based on alphabetic languages have found that the previewing effect of the parafovea is greater for high-frequency and short words than for low-frequency and the long words. While Tibetan is an analphabetic language, it also belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and has many similarities with Chinese. However, it is still largely unclear how to reflect the above role in the process of Tibetan reading. Will it only show the common characters of alphabetic languages or will it show some Chinese characteristics? The present study aimed to provide experimental evidence to respond to these research questions. Two experiments were carried out on 119 Tibetan undergraduate students. More specifically, participants were asked to read Tibetan sentences and their eye movements during reading were recorded using an SR Research EyeLink 1000Plus eye tracker (sampling rate = 1000 Hz). Experiment 1 manipulated the fovea word frequency (i.e., high vs. low frequency) to investigate the word frequency effect and word frequency delay effect of fovea words in Tibetan reading. The results showed a word frequency effect and a word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading. Experiment 2 manipulated both fovea word frequency and parafovea previewing word types with the aid of boundary paradigm to investigate the previewing effect of parafovea and the effect of fovea word frequency on the previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading. The results showed a previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading and that, when compared with low-frequency fovea words, high-frequency fovea words had a greater promoting effect on the previewing effect of parafovea. The primary findings can be summarized as follows: (1)significant word frequency effect exists in Tibetan reading, which is reflected in the whole process of vocabulary processing; (2)there is a significant word frequency delay effect in Tibetan reading, which runs through the whole process of vocabulary processing; (3)there is a significant previewing effect of parafovea in Tibetan reading, through which the reader can extract speech and font information; and(4)in Tibetan reading, fovea word frequency affects the size of the previewing effect of parafovea—moreover, word frequency only affects the extraction of shape previewing information in the early stage of lexical processing, that is, the previewing effect of high-frequency words is greater under the condition of shape previewing. In conclusion, the effect of the processing load of the fovea on the previewing effect of parafovea shows the common characteristics of alphabetic languages in Tibetan reading. In addition, this study found that reading Tibetan involves the word frequency delay effect and the previewing effect of parafovea; these findings support the theory of parafovea sequence processing in the E-Z reader model.
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