Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-11-03
Abstract： Peer influence is considered to be an important influential factor to eating disorders which are common among adolescents. Identifying the mechanism of adolescents’ eating disorders has great significance for the prevention and intervention. Peer influence which manifest as the mediating effects of the perceived peer behaviors, the actual peer behaviors and the body dissatisfaction, and as the peer quality has a negative impact on adolescents’ eating disorders. Researchers have explored and interpreted the mechanism of peer influence on adolescents’ eating disorders directly and indirectly. They should deepen the research content, such as increasing the studies on the long-term effects of peer influence, the division of peer attributes, the effect size of peer influence pathways, and the interactions between peer influence and other social factors of eating disorders in the future.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-01
Abstract： Body dissatisfaction is common among adolescents, and the use of social networking sites is a risk factor. Conducting a systematic review of the manifestations, pathways, and moderators of how social networking site use affects adolescents’ body dissatisfaction is crucial for preventing and addressing this issue. The use of social networking sites can impact adolescents’ body dissatisfaction in several ways. This influence occurs through three main pathways: comparison and internalization of the ideal body, self-objectification and body surveillance, and appearance self-schema and appearance self-discrepancy. Furthermore, this effect is moderated by personality factors, including the Big Five personality traits, narcissism and perfectionism; self-cognitive factors, such as self-compassion and self-concept clarity; and media-cognitive factors, including social media literacy and appearance-related social media consciousness. Future research should focus on exploring the relationship between social networking site use and body dissatisfaction in China, expanding the scope to include various aspects such as research subjects, methods, and content, and further validating and simplifying the theoretical framework. This will help develop more effective online intervention programs to address adolescents’ body dissatisfaction.
Nursing experience of treating a case of myopia in teenagers with auricular point pressure pill
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2023-10-10
Abstract：
This article summarizes the nursing experience of a patient with mild myopia treated with auricular acupressure pills. On the basis of improving nursing assessment, nursing staff used auricular acupoint pressure pills through dialectical acupoint selection of traditional Chinese medicine, and strengthened emotional nursing, diet nursing, health education and other aspects of patients, so as to improve the vision of patients with myopia and inhibit the development of myopia.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-07-26 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This paper analyzes the theory and practice of digital media education of YOUmedia in the United States, and provides reference for Chinese public libraries.[Method/process] This paper reviews the production process of digital media education theory of YOUmedia, sums up its content, analyzes the application mode of the theory and the management of education activities, investigates the effectiveness of education activities, and finally summarizes special experience of YOUmedia and its enlightenment to China.[Result/conclusion] Digital media has a profound impact on the growth of teenagers. Chinese public libraries can carry out the education of digital media under the guidance of relevant theories to guide teenagers to make rational use of digital media. During education activities, public libraries should cooperate extensively with other social education organizations, create a learning atmosphere of equality and mutual respect, and pay attention to take advantage of reciprocal behaviors among teenagers. The learning content of teenagers should be oriented to their studies and future careers.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The importance of science education lies not in delivering factual knowledge to learners, but in using knowledge as a way for them to know the world and cope with the uncertainty. The development of science education worldwide in the 21st century presents the following themes: the sustainable development of human beings as the main context, cultivating scientific literacy as the goal, paying attention to understanding the nature of science, building a “common foundation” for science learning through in-depth and coherent curriculum, using information technology to stimulate and integrate science education innovation, emphasizing the unity of science and humanities, giving full play to informal learning, and improving quality through international assessment programs. The advance in understanding science education and its importance is pushing forward the continuous innovation in science education worldwide. The strategic transformation of science education in China can get informed from these trends.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Negative body image is one of the most important problems affecting adolescents’ healthy growth. Understanding the harm of negative body image to adolescents and its influencing factors is of great significance to the physical and mental health of adolescents. The negative effects of negative body image on adolescents mainly include five aspects: self-concept, emotional experience, weight control strategies, eating disorder and social life; and the main influencing factors of adolescents' negative body image formation are biological factors (BMI), sociocultural factors (parents, peers and mass media) and psychological factors (personality factor and cognitive style). Future research is needed to further (1) develop the theoretical model of adolescent body image development from the perspective of biopsychosocial model; (2) examine the role of emerging factors such as social media; (3) elucidate the cognitive processing characteristics of adolescents in processing body-related information; (4) accelerate the localization speed of negative body image amongst Chinese adolescents.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Puberty is a unique period during which individuals experience rapid growth in social, emotional and cognitive aspects, yet remain immature. Compared with adults, adolescents are more inclined to engage in risky or reckless behaviors that are detrimental to their physical and mental health, such as smoking, alcohol abuse, and dangerous driving. At the same time, from childhood to adolescence, the influence of parents on adolescents gradually weakens, while the influence of peers gradually increases. Regarding the question of how adolescents’ adventurous behavior is affected by their peers, the results of previous empirical studies are mixed. In addition, the mechanism of this influence, which is a more crucial research question, remains unknown. From the perspectives of personal characteristics and social interaction, this paper reviews the results of previous studies and finds facilitating effect of peers on adolescents' risk-taking behaviors. Specifically, when adolescents complete a risk-taking task, being watched by a peer can increase the adolescent's risk-taking behavior, even when the peers and the participants are not at the same place. When the adolescent and the peer are in the same room, and the peer can communicate with them or even give advice during the task, peers can play an even stronger role in facilitating the adolescent's risk-taking behavior. Compared with the influence from adults, adolescents are particularly sensitive to the influence from their peers. In addition, personal traits (such as resistance to peer influence and gender) and situational factors (such as the certainty of situation: vague/explicit, and different forms of peer participation: cooperation/competition) play a moderate role. The influence of peers on adolescents' risk-taking behavior and its underlying mechanisms can be explained from multiple aspects, including psychology, neurology, gene, society and culture. From the psychological aspect, this influence stems from the needs of adolescents to seek peers’ recognition and belonging, as well as learn from peers (i.e., social learning). From the aspect of neural mechanism, this influence comes from the interaction between cognitive control network and stimulus processing system: when adolescents make decisions involving risks in the presence of a real or virtual companion, activation of the cognitive control network decreases, and that of the reward system increases. From the genetic perspective, the effect may be due to susceptibility of specific genes. For instance, 5-HTTLPR short allele carriers are more sensitive to peer influence. From the social and cultural aspect, while the influence of peers on risk-taking behavior has a certain generality, the degree of the influence differs in different cultural contexts. For example, compared with white adolescents, risk-taking behaviors of non-white adolescents are more likely to be influenced by peers. In collectivist culture, adolescents’ smoking behavior is more positively correlated with that of their peers. Future research should further explore the influence of peers on adolescents' risk-taking behavior from the perspectives of development, cultural psychology and construction of complex model network.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2021-01-19
Abstract： Adolescents are more likely to engage in risky or reckless behaviors and are more likely to be influenced by their peers. From the perspectives of personal characteristics and social interaction, the researches show the facilitating effect of peers on adolescents' risk-taking behavior, that is, when peers are present, adolescents' behaviors tend to be more risk. The influence of peers on adolescents' risk-taking behavior and its underlying mechanisms can be explained from multiple aspects such as psychology, neurology, gene, society and culture. On the psychological level, this influence stems from the needs of adolescents to seek peer recognition and belonging, as well as the effect of social learning; on the level of neural mechanism, it comes from the interaction between cognitive control network and stimulus processing system; on the genetic level, it is due to the susceptibility of specific genes; on the social and cultural level, peer influence brings about differences in degrees and performances due to differences in cultural contexts. Future research should further explore the influence of peers on adolescents' risk-taking behavior from the perspectives of development, cultural psychology and construction of complex model network.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2020-11-26
Abstract： From the perspective of life course, school transition is considered a key turning point in adolescent development and may alter individual developmental trajectories. Based on the deficit view, previous studies have suggested that most adolescents are at risk, beset by many challenges, and may experience a variety of negative developmental outcomes during that transition. Drawing on the positive youth development perspective, however, the transition period may be an important opportunity for adolescents to achieve adaptive and healthy development, and it is also the period in which developmental plasticity is most fully manifested. Along this line, if adolescents’ internal and external assets are well integrated, they may have a positive school transition." " "
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-03-10
Abstract： Currently, depression is increasingly prevalent among children and adolescents, thereby raising concerns about emotional dysregulation in this population. The pivotal role of emotional regulation ability in maintaining emotional stability and effectively managing one’s emotional state during adolescence is becoming more apparent. Understanding the dynamic nature of emotion regulation and its multi-stage processing is crucial for comprehensively elucidating the characteristics and causes of emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents. To capture the dynamic nature of emotion regulation, the extended process model divides the emotion regulation process into three stages: identification stage, selection stage, and implementation stage, highlighting their mutual influence. Building upon this model, our study examines the characteristics of depressed adolescents across these three stages of emotion regulation, revealing deficiencies within each stage. Given the interconnectedness and continuity between these stages, future research can systematically investigate which specific impairments or disruptions in emotional dysregulation affect subsequent stages among depressed adolescents; to what extent they do so; and whether directive interventions can mitigate such effects. To achieve this goal more comprehensively, we propose employing the following methods: 1) integrating EEG technology with drift diffusion models to reconstruct the dynamic process of emotion regulation; 2) conducting a comprehensive investigation on individuals with varying degrees of depressive symptoms during adolescence; 3) focusing on dual aspects of abnormal emotional reactivity to explore intervention pathways and measures targeting emotional dysregulation in depressed adolescents.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-02-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Cardiovascular disease（CVD）is the leading cause of death in China and the world as a whole，and lipid metabolism disorder is the key factor for this disease. A comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents can contribute to the early prevention of dyslipidemia in adulthood. Objective To systematically evaluate the status quo of the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Cross#2;sectional studies on the morbidity rate of dyslipidemia among Chinese children and adolescents and published from 2015 to July 2023 were retrieved from databases of CBM，CNKI，Wanfang，VIP，Embase，Web of Science and The Cochrane Library. Processes of literature screening，data extraction and risk bias analysis were performed by two researchers. A meta-analysis was performed by taking advantage of Stata 17.0. Results 34 cross-sectional studies were collected and a total of 134438 children and adolescents were involved. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that the overall morbidity rate of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents was 19%（95%CI=16%-21%），and the morbidity rates of high cholesterol（TC），high triacylglycerol（TG），high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C），low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） were 6%（95%CI=5%-7%），9%（95%CI=6%-12%），4%（95%CI=3%-5%）and 10%（95%CI=7%-13%）respectively. Regarding time distribution，the detection rate of dyslipidemia was fluctuant and showed a decreasing trend； the detection rate of high TC and high LDL-C showed an increasing trend in general，but it fell slightly in 2023； the detection rate of high TG and low HDL-C fluctuated greatly： the detection rate of high TG gradually decreased from 2018 to 2022 and rebounded slightly in 2023. The results of subgroup analysis showed that，concerning age，the overall morbidity rate of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents and that of high TC showed an ascending tendency with the increasing of age（10% and 2% for those aged from 3 to 6，17% and 10% for those aged from 7 to 11，and 27% and 14% for those aged from 12 to18），the morbidity rate of lowered HDL-C was higher among 12-to-18-year olds（21%）than among 7-to-11-year olds（9%），and the morbidity rate of high TC among 3-to-6-year olds（9%）was higher than that among 7-to-11-year olds and 12-to-18-year-olds（4% and 3%）. Concerning region，the morbidity rates of high TG and low HDL-C were higher in the West（15% and 5%）than those in the East（5% and 7%），and the morbidity rates of high TC and high LDL-C were higher in the East（7% and 6%）than in the West（3% and 2%）. Concerning BMI，the morbidity rates of dyslipidemia，high TG and high LDL-C were higher in obese children and adolescents （48%，18%，25%，and 7%）than in overweight（27%，6%，9%，and 4%）and normal children and adolescents（15%， 4%，3%，and 3%）. Conclusion The morbidity rate of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents is relatively high and varied across the age，region and BMI of children and adolescents. Due to the limitation of the number and quality of included studies，more high-quality studies are needed to be conducted to further validate these findings.
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：近年来,我国信息技术水平有了长足的进步,在这样的背景之下,互联网逐步成为了人们日常生活中不可或缺的交流互动平台,给人们带来了较大的便利,人们习惯了足不出户畅游在虚拟空间之中,因此,各类新媒体也应运而生。当前,新媒体中短视频APP较为火爆,抖音短视频无疑是其中的翘楚。抖音虽然让人们能够在茶余饭后等碎片时间进行相应的娱乐与求知,但总体来说,对于青少年的健康发展弊大于利。基于此,本文简要分析了当前抖音对于青少年发展的影响,以供参考。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Traditional Chinese Medicine and Chinese Materia Medica submitted time 2023-01-20
Abstract：
China is a region with high incidence of myopia. The incidence of myopia in adolescents is increasing year by year, and it is gradually developing towards a younger age. Moreover, the pressure of further education and the popularization of electronic products will also have a continuous impact on the prevalence of myopia. Myopia causes serious damage to the physical and mental health of adolescents, and adolescent myopia has become the focus of prevention and control of myopia. At present, western medicine treatment of myopia includes wearing glasses, atropine, and surgical treatment, but there are many side effects, and cannot fundamentally solve the pathological changes caused by myopia. Chinese medicine has a long history of treating myopia. At present, the treatment of myopia in traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, ear acupuncture, comprehensive therapy, etc. All of which can improve the myopia of patients to a certain extent, and have the advantages of simplicity, safety, and no side effects. This paper studies the understanding of the theory of myopia in TCM in recent years summarizes the treatment plan of myopia, and summarizes the current problems in the clinical treatment of myopia, to provide a more effective method for the treatment of myopia by TCM, and give full play to the advantages of TCM treatment of non-disease.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-07-19
Abstract： Although social emotional issues in children and adolescents have received increasing attention, there is currently a lack of specialized image libraries designed to elicit their social emotions. This study establishes a Chinese Social Emotional Image Library suitable for eliciting social emotions in Chinese children and adolescents through two studies. Study 1 employed semi-structured interviews to explore the sources of social emotions in children and adolescents, finding that their emotions primarily stem from social scenes involving interpersonal interactions. Based on Study 1, Study 2 collected emotional images corresponding to these social scenes and experimentally assessed the arousal, valence, and motivation of the collected social emotional images. Study 2 revealed that positive, neutral, and negative social emotional images not only differ significantly in their ratings across dimensions but also exhibit high internal consistency reliability within each dimension. These findings indicate that the library has good validity and reliability, serving as a reliable tool for eliciting social emotions in Chinese children and adolescents.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-11-26
Abstract： During the COVID-19 pandemic, all age groups’ mental health has substantially declined. Compared to other age groups, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health problems was more salient, particularly on depression and anxiety. Previous studies, which were primarily conducted during the phase of COVID-19 pandemic, have mainly covered the first and second phases of COVID-19-related prevention and containment in China, without adequate attention being paid to the third and fourth phases of COVID-19-related prevention and containment in China. The present study thus investigated the developmental trajectories of depression and anxiety among adolescents, as well as the potential antecedent (psychological resilience) and outcome (prosocial tendency) of such trajectories in the late phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. In this study, 1170 adolescents in Shandong province were assessed at three time points with a six-month interval (Time 1=May 2021; Time 2=November 2021; Time 3=May 2022) from the normalization period of the pandemic through self-report questionnaires. The adolescents completed Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale during the three measurements. Furthermore, all adolescents completed the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale at Time 1 and Prosocial Tendencies Measure at Time 3. According to the results of the latent growth curve models, adolescents’ depression and anxiety levels tended to decline. The higher the level of depression and anxiety at Time 1, the slower the decline over time. Furthermore, psychological resilience at Time 1 negatively predicted initial levels of depression and anxiety but positively predicted the decreasing speed of depression and anxiety trajectories. Concerning the outcomes, we found that the initial level and speed of depression trajectories significantly and negatively predicted the levels of prosocial tendency at Time 3. Regarding the anxiety trajectory, its intercept factor negatively predicted prosocial tendency at Time 3, but its slope factor’s predictive effect was non-significant. Finally, multi-group analyses revealed that both boys and girls showed declining trends in depression and anxiety over time, while girls scored significantly higher on depression and anxiety initially than boys. In conclusion, this research found that the changes in mental health (particularly depression and anxiety problems) among Chinese adolescents in the late phase of the COVID-19 pandemic were developing well, which provides empirical evidence for better construction of adolescent mental health service systems in China.
Subjects: Nursing >> Nursing submitted time 2022-11-06
Abstract： This paper summarized and analyzed the clinical efficacy of electric plum-blossom needle tapping and needling in the treatment of 1 case of juvenile mild myopia. Under the guidance of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation and nursing theory, electric plum-blossom needle tapping and needling was adopted. Interventions such as nutrition support and psychological care were carried out during the treatment, in order to improve the recovery of the patient with juvenile myopia.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-27
Abstract： Depression-induced suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents, and prolonged mobile phone usage has emerged as a significant public health concern with this demographic. However, the relationship between the duration of mobile phone usage and the manifestation of depressive symptoms in adolescents remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the characteristics, evolution patterns, and gender differences in depressive symptoms among adolescents based on varying durations of mobile phone usage, as well as to provide new strategies for the prevention and control of depression among them. A large-scale survey was conducted on 167,728 adolescents in Nanchong City using the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Mobile phone usage was categorized as follows: Non-use on rest days (T1), usage on rest days for ≤3 hours per day (T2), and usage on rest days for >3 hours per day (T3). The collected data were analyzed using R software (version 4.3.2) and its network analysis packages. The study compared the differences in the depressive symptom networks among adolescents with varying duration of mobile phone usage on rest days, as well as the differences between genders for the same mobile phone usage duration. Network analysis revealed that the longer the duration of mobile phone usage among adolescents, the more severe the symptoms of depression. Among the symptoms of depression in adolescents, ’sadness’, ’sense of failure’, ’lack of pleasure’, and ’lack of happiness’ have a higher degree of strength centrality. We performed a comparative analysis of the depression symptom network under different mobile phone usage durations on rest days. There were no significant differences in global strength and network edges between the T2 and T1 networks, but a significant difference in network structure, with the strength centrality of one symptom being significantly different. The T3 vs. T1 network showed significant differences in global strength, network structure, and network edges, with 32 edges showing significant differences and the strength centrality of 8 symptoms being significantly different. The T3 vs. T2 network also showed significant differences in global strength, network structure, and network edges, with 19 edges showing significant differences and the strength centrality of 10 symptoms being significantly different. Additionally, we also revealed the comparative analysis of the depression symptom network among different genders with the same mobile phone usage duration on rest days. Under the T1 condition, there were no significant differences in network structure and network edges between the female and male groups, but a significant difference in global strength, with the strength centrality of one symptom being significantly different. Under the T2 and T3 conditions, there were significant differences in global strength, network structure, and network edges between female and male groups. Under the T2 condition, there were significant differences in 25 edges and the strength centrality of 8 symptoms. Under the T3 condition, there were significant differences in 15 edges and the strength centrality of 5 symptoms. The current study indicated that the characteristics and evolution patterns of depressive symptoms in adolescents varied according to the duration of mobile phone usage, and notable gender differences. This study, based on the evolution patterns of various depressive symptoms, innovatively proposes four evolution patterns of depressive symptoms. This findings provide new strategies for the prevention and control of adolescent depression.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Motivation is the core of all behaviors. Motivation can be classified as the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The processing of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation involves the reward, value, and control systems that would interact with the hippocampal memory system to facilitate memory performance. During adolescence, the brain develops rapidly, making it a critical period for memory development. Meanwhile, the subsystems of motivation develop unbalanced during adolescence (i.e., the reward system is sensible and the control system is immature), making it a special period for the motivation development. However, so far, the investigation of how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation impact teenage memory is on the start stage. There is a lack of systematic exploration and comparison of the behavioral rules and neural mechanisms of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’s impact on memory during adolescence. It remains unclear whether the rules and mechanisms of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’s impact on memory are common or specific and how the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation interacts with each other to affect memory during adolescence. As the monetary reward is easy to operate and quantify, previous research always used monetary reward to manipulate extrinsic motivation. In addition, intrinsic motivation is a hotspot in recent neuroscience research. Autonomy is the core concept of intrinsic motivation, which is often induced by self-determined choice. The current research will focus on monetary reward (extrinsic motivation) and self-determined choice (intrinsic motivation). We will integrate psychological and neuroscience methods and conduct a series of experiments to systematically reveal the impact of the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on memory during adolescence on multiple levels (cognitive level, neural activity level and neural network level). Specifically, the current research will directly compare the mechanisms via which the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation affects memory and we will also examine how the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation interacts with each other to affect memory, so as to reveal the unique behavioral rules and neural mechanisms via which the two types of motivation (the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation) affect memory during adolescence. This research will greatly enrich the theory and improve the level of the field of motivation and memory. It has important theoretical significance for us to understand the nature of motivation, the underlying mechanisms of how motivation affects memory and the brain development during a very critical period in our life, the adolescence. It also has important practical significance for promoting adolescents’ motivation and learning.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The plasticity of executive function (EF) has been discussed as a core topic in the recent cognitive development research. However, inhibition training research remains inadequate. According to dimensional overlap theory, inhibition has two types: interference and response. The neural networks of the brain that respond to conflicts do not mature until early adulthood. By conducting a comparison of the plasticity of response inhibition between adolescents and adults, the applicable age group for response inhibition training is explored. Introducing online feedback as reinforcement improves the training effects and helps individuals to balance further accuracy and speed. Therefore, we added online feedback in the training groups but used the original Stop Signal task in the active control groups to investigate the training and transfer effects of this task with online feedback.This study included 194 participants (134 adults and 60 adolescents) that were divided into five groups: adult training group (N = 47), adult active control group (N = 45), adolescent training group (N = 30), adolescent active control group (N = 30), and passive control group (N = 42). The response inhibition training consisted of nine sessions, and it was held three times a week. In each training session of the adult and adolescent training groups, participants were guided to finish eight blocks (100 trials in each block) of the Stop Signal task with online feedback. In the adult and adolescent active control groups, participants completed the same amount of the Stop Signal task without online feedback. The passive control group received no training. The participants’ inhibition, working memory, and fluid intelligence were measured before and after training through six tasks (e.g., Inhibition: Stop Signal Task, Go/No-go Task, and Stroop Task; Working memory: 2-back Task and 3-back Task; and Fluid intelligence: Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices).A 9 (all training sessions) × 2 (training group, active control group) × 2 (adult, adolescent) repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the training effects. Both age groups exhibited improved performances with the continuation of the training sessions. However, the adults performed significantly faster and more accurate than the adolescents. Next, four 2 (pretest, posttest) × 5 (all five groups) repeated measure ANOVA were conducted to test the transfer effects. The transfer effect results revealed that (1) on the Go/No-go task, both training groups showed significant improvement; (2) on the Stroop task, only the adolescent training group showed significant improvement; (3) on the 2-back task, both training groups and the adult active control group improved significantly; (4) on the 3-back task, only the adolescent training group gained significant transfer effects; and (5) on the Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices, no group showed significant improvement.To sum up, the results suggest that the Stop Signal training task with online feedback has produced training effects on both age groups, and the transfer effects are influenced by the age difference of cognitive plasticity and the nature of the task. Thus, adding online feedback to computerized training can effectively improve the training and the transfer effects. Finally, inhibition training has a more formative effect on the pre-adult age.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-07-11
Abstract： Motivation is crucial to behavior. Motivation can be classified as extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. Adolescence is a critical period of memory and a special period of motivation development. However, the investigation of how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation impact memory is on the start stage. It remains unclear whether the rules and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’ impact on memory are common or specific and how the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation interacts with each other to impact memory. This proposed project will combine the cognitive paradigm and functional magnetic resonance imaging technology to investigate how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation separately influences and interacts with each other to influence adolescents’ memory. These evidences will comprehensively and significantly advance our understanding of the unique laws and mechanisms of how extrinsic and intrinsic motivation affect memory in adolescents, and provide scientific evidence for how to improve the motivation and memory in adolescents.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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