Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2024-01-09
Abstract： Video game addiction manifests as an escalating enthusiasm and uncontrolled use of digital games, yet there are no objective indicators for gaming addiction. This study employed mass spectrometry proteomics to analyze the proteomic differences in the urine of adolescents addicted to gaming compared to those who do not play video games. The study included 10 adolescents addicted to gaming and 9 non-gaming adolescents as a control group. The results showed that there were 125 significantly different proteins between the two groups. Among these, 11 proteins have been reported to change in the body after the intake of psychotropic drugs and are associated with addiction: Calmodulin, ATP synthase subunit alpha, ATP synthase subunit beta, Acid ceramidase, Tomoregulin-2, Calcitonin, Apolipoprotein E, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Heat shock protein beta-1, CD63 antigen, Ephrin type-B receptor 4, Tomoregulin-2. Additionally, several proteins were found to interact with pathways related to addiction: Dickkopf-related protein 3, Nicastrin, Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 4, Cerebellin-4. Enriched biological pathways discovered include those related to nitric oxide synthase, amphetamine addiction, and numerous calcium ion pathways, all of which are associated with addiction. Moreover, through the analysis of differentially expressed proteins, we speculated about some proteins not yet fully studied, which might play a significant role in the mechanisms of addiction: Protein kinase C and casein kinase substrate in neurons protein, Cysteine-rich motor neuron 1 protein, Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2, Immunoglobulin superfamily member 8. In the analysis of urinary proteins in adolescents addicted to online gaming, we identified several proteins that have previously been reported in studies of drug addiction.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2023-12-19
Abstract： Homotopic positions are defined as the two areas with opposite but equal horizonal coordinates in the standard symmetric brain space. Characterizing similarity between two homotopic areas, brain homotopy represents a typical feature of the brain’s two hemispheres for both structure and function. Functional homotopy provides important perspectives for understanding neural correlates of cognition and behavior. Despite the decisive role of spatial geometric constraints and homophilic attachment on the human connectome, traditional practices in mapping functional homotopy only considered the temporal correlations of functional timeseries between homotopic areas, but ignored the homophily factors in generative connectivity models. Here, we proposed a novel method for functional homotopy analysis, namely Homotopic Functional Affinity (HFA). This method quantifies the homotopic affinity as the Cosine distance of the full-brain functional connectivity profiles or fingerprints between the homotopic areas. HFA captures both geometric constraints (homotopic location) and homophily (affinity) simultaneously. By leveraging the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the Chinese HCP (CHCP), we mapped the 700ms-2mm high spatiotemporal resolution HFA and evaluated its test-retest reliability with linear mixed models, exhibiting generally fair-to-substantial reliable measurements of individual differences in HFA. The lowest HFA observed in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) inspired to perform an edge-detection algorithm on its surface render and derived three clearly differentiable and adjacent TPJ subregions: the anterior TPJ (TPJa), the central TPJ (TPJc), and the posterior TPJ (TPJp). We further validated the HFA for the three TPJ regions through a set of comprehensive analyses, including the delineation of their functional connectivity fingerprints, the meta-analysis of their cognitive functions, and the their task-activation correlation. Finally, we linked the cortical HFA map to those multimodal brain maps of gene expression, evolution, myelination, functional hierarchy, and cognitive association. The systematic subregion analysis revealed the complex hemispheric specialization of TPJ in attention, social cognition, and language functions. In general, functional specialization of the TPJ areas was stronger in the left hemisphere. The findings from the task activation correlation were highly consistent with those of the meta-analysis. Notably, there were significant differences in social cognition relevant to the three TPJ areas between HCP and CHCP datasets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of multimodal brain maps illustrated a close relationship between the HFA map and multimodal brain maps. The consistency of maps derived in distinct analyses demonstrated the feasibility of HFA in further understanding psychological and behavioral mechanisms on neural lateralization from the perspective of hemispheric functional integration and specialization. We believe that HFA will create a new arena for brain mapping in population neuroscience studies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2020-03-23
Guo,Zhiyong
Sun,Chengjun
Xu,Guixing
Yin,Meixian
Zhu,Caihui
Zheng,Donghua
Zhang,Yixi
Wang,Linhe
Xie,Rongxing
Zhang,Zhiheng
Gao,Ningxin
Huang,Shanzhou
Yu,Ping
He,Shujiao
Zhao,Qiang
He,Xiaoshun
Abstract： In clinical practice, a patient is declared dead after 30 minutes of unsuccessful resuscitation post-cardiac arrest, as the brain is considered irreversibly damaged within minutes after cardiac arrest. A recent report showed that cellular function of the brain can be restored hours post-mortem in pigs. However, whether consciousness can be regained ex vivo is unknown. Herein, we developed normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) technology for ex vivo brain resuscitation after circulatory death. We found that perfusion of the brain alone was able to preserve circulation, cytoarchitecture, metabolic activity and brainstem function, but failed to regain consciousness. With supports of a functioning liver, global electrocorticographic activity and consciousness were restored. Brain function could be maintained for at least 22 hours. The technology was able to resuscitate consciousness of the brain suffering 50-min normothermic ischemia. These findings demonstrate that liver-assisting brain NMP can restore and maintain consciousness ex vivo after a prolonged interval post-mortem. " " " " " " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2018-04-02
Abstract： Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disease with unknown etiology but high incidence. The objective biomarkers of ASD are urgently awaited to be developed using neuroimaging method including resting-state fMRI (R-fMRI). However, the majority of current R-fMRI studies only examined the static features of brain activity in ASD patients, but neglected the dynamic aspects especially for regional metrics. Furthermore, the concordance of the dynamic regional indices was reported imbedded in human intrinsic brain activity, while it’s abnormality in ASD is largely unknown. Methods In this study, we analyzed R-fMRI data of 480 ASD male patients and 539 healthy male controls (HC) gathered from ASD public database (ABIDE/ABIDE II). We used sliding window method to calculate the dynamics of mainstream regional indices of R-fMRI (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC), degree centrality (DC) and the correlation with global signal (GSCorr)) and generated the SD statistic maps of these six dynamic regional indices. We performed z-standardization and smoothing on the SD statistic maps. After that, two-sample t-test between the SD statistic maps of ASD group and HC group was performed. We also calculated the concordance of dynamic regional indices for each time point, which is the Kendall's coefficient of the ALFF, ReHo, DC, GSCorr and VMHC maps across voxels. Two-sample t-test between the SD and mean of concordance time series of ASD group and HC group was performed. Results We found a significant increase in the dynamics of ALFF and DC in the lateral frontal cortices in ASD patients as compared to HCs. Dorsal lateral frontal cortex (dlPFC) is a critical brain area for cognitive control and execution network. The abnormal activities in dlPFC indicate the disruption of control execution system and the impairment of relevant cognitive function. In the visual related brain areas, the dynamics of ALFF, DC and ReHo showed a decrease in fusiform gyrus, calcarine and lingual gyrus in ASD patients. Recent studies have indicated that the abnormal face processing in children with autism may be related with the impairment in social cognition of them. The deficits in face information processing of ASD patients may stem from the inflexible intrinsic brain activity in visual processing brain area (especially in fusiform gyrus). After further examining the concordance among these dynamic indices, the mean and SD of concordance of patients with ASD was found to be significantly lower than that of the HCs, demonstrating that the ASD patients’ inferior integration ability for different aspects of brain functions. Conclusion These findings suggest that there exists abnormality in dynamics of spontaneous brain activity and its integration in ASD patients. Dynamic R-fMRI regional indices and the concordance of them could be efficient neuroimaging biomarkers for ASD.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Engineering and technical science >> Biomedical Engineering submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract： Hypnosis is an effective psychological technology in respiratory motion control. In this study, functional magnetic imaging was applied to an intra-subject (n＝13) design hypnosis experiment guided by hypnotists to analyze the respiratory motion control and neural activity in hypnosis. As a result, increased brain activities were observed in visual cortex, sensorimotor cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and middle temporal gyrus, and decreased in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cerebellum posterior lobe and supramarginal gyrus. Moreover, compared with normal state, enhanced correlation of brain activities (normal state, r＝0.64; hypnosis state, r＝0.80) was observed within large-scale resting-state networks. Increased connectivity between sensorimotor cortex and visual cortex in hypnosis was also observed, which implies their critical roles in neural mechanisms of hypnosis for respiration control and involvement of cognitive and perceptual processing therein. This study provides new insights for hypnosis study in psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2017-07-24
Abstract：Although depression-induced altered pain perception has been described in several laboratory and clinical studies, its neurobiological mechanism in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal dorsal horn remains unclear. In this study, we therefore aimed to clarify whether nociceptive sensitivity of neuropathic pain is altered in the olfactory bulbectomy (OB) model of depression and whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is involved in the etio-pathologic mechanisms of both major depression and neuropathic pain, contributes to these processes in the spinal dorsal horn of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) were attenuated in OB-SNL rats with decreased spinal GR expression and nuclear translocation, while NOB (non-olfactory bulbectomy)-SNL rats showed an increased spinal GR nuclear translocation. Decreased GR nuclear translocation with normal mechanical nociception and hypoalgesia of thermal nociception were observed in OB-Sham rats, too. Intrathecal injection of GR agonist dexamethasone (4 µg / rat / day for 1 week) eliminated the attenuating effect of depression on the nociceptive hypersensitivity in OB-SNL rats and aggravated neuropathic pain in NOB-SNL rats, associating with the up-regulation of BDNF, TrkB and NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horn. The present study shows that depression attenuates the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain and suggests that altered spinal GR-BDNF-TrkB signaling may be one of the reasons for depression-induced hypoalgesia.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2017-03-31
Abstract：Although depression-induced altered pain perception has been described in several laboratory and clinical studies, its neurobiological mechanism in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal dorsal horn remains unclear. In this study, we therefore aimed to clarify whether nociceptive sensitivity of neuropathic pain is altered in the olfactory bulbectomy (OB) model of depression and whether glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is involved in the etio-pathologic mechanisms of both major depression and neuropathic pain, contributes to these processes in the spinal dorsal horn of male Sprague-Dawley rats. The results showed that mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia induced by spinal nerve ligation (SNL) were attenuated in OB-SNL rats with decreased spinal GR expression and nuclear translocation, while NOB (non-olfactory bulbectomy)-SNL rats showed an increased spinal GR nuclear translocation. Decreased GR nuclear translocation with normal mechanical nociception and hypoalgesia of thermal nociception were observed in OB-Sham rats, too. Intrathecal injection of GR agonist dexamethasone (4 µg / rat / day for 1 week) eliminated the attenuating effect of depression on the nociceptive hypersensitivity in OB-SNL rats and aggravated neuropathic pain in NOB-SNL rats, associating with the up-regulation of BDNF, TrkB and NR2B expression in the spinal dorsal horn. The present study shows that depression attenuates the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of neuropathic pain and suggests that altered spinal GR-BDNF-TrkB signaling may be one of the reasons for depression-induced hypoalgesia.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-02-13
Abstract：[目的] 评价经颅磁电脑病治疗仪（商品名：奥博阿尔茨海默治疗仪）治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆(Vascular dementia，VD)的有效性及安全性。 [方法] 对80例轻、中度AD[Hachinski缺血量表评分≥7分，痴呆程度（CDR=1.0）或（CDR=2.0）]患者进行了随机、安慰对照、多中心4周临床试验,其中治疗组和对照组各40例。所有入选病例均给予正规的内科基础治疗和规范化护理，治疗组使用经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行治疗，对照组使用模拟经颅磁电脑病治疗仪进行模拟治疗。 [结果] 治疗4周时,治疗组较对照组简易精神状态评价（MMSE）、临床痴呆程度量表( CDR) 和日常生活能力评价（ADL）分数显著改善（组间差异P依次<0.0001、0.05、0.05）。两组均无不良反应。 [结论] 经颅磁电脑病治疗仪治疗轻、中度血管性痴呆具有治疗效果，对患者的精神状态、认知行为和日常生活自理能力有较好的改善作用，且该治疗仪使用安全。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Molecular Biology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-02-04
Abstract：是一种基于经颅磁电刺激技术有效治疗帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病的新观点，可理解成电压门控钙离子通道物理激活最佳靶点假说，基本内容：帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等神经元退行性变疾病，与物理门控离子通道密切相关，可用物理手段来解决，激活递质能神经元是治疗的关键，电压门控钙离子通道则是物理手段激活的最佳靶点，目的是诱导钙离子内流触发神经元轴突终末突触囊泡释放神经递质。脑细胞激活论，指出了阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等神经元退行性变疾病的治疗原则、方法与目的，提示了试图通过药物化学手段来寻求神经元退行性变疾病的解决办法，可能会动摇我们应对疾病的信心，而物理手段的应用或物理化学手段的联合应用也许是我们今后应对一些重大脑病的主要科研方向。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Cell Biology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Biology >> Molecular Biology Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics submitted time 2017-01-20
Abstract：This is a new idea that based on effective treatment of Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease with transcranial magnetoelectric stimulation technology, it can understand a hypothesis about voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is the best target for activation by physical means, basic content：Parkinson's disease , Alzheimer's disease etc. neuronal degeneration diseases, that closely related to physical-gated ion channels, which can be treated with physical means, activating neurotransmitters-energic neurons plays key roles in the treatment, and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels is the best target for physical means, the purpose is to induce Ca2+ inflowing and triggers neuronal axon terminals synaptic vesicles releasing neurotransmitters. The theory of brain cell activation sets forth the principle, method and purpose of treatment of the physical gated ion channel diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neural degeneration diseases, and indicates that the attempt to treat these diseases using pharmaceutical and chemical approaches could shake our confidence in conquering the diseases, and the application of physical approaches or combined application of physical and chemical approaches in the treatment of some major encephalopathy may be our main research direction in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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