Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
XU Shaoqing
LIU Xinhua
ZHANG Huiping
LI Bo
TANG Xinfeng
QU Gaiping
BAO Yuqin
ZHAO Junping
FU Zhongfang
Abstract： Test anxiety directly impacts academic performance and can have extreme consequences, including school dropout, self-injury, and even suicide. Nevertheless, most current interventions for text anxiety focus on its individual components, which complicates achieving satisfactory results. Mindfulness, a method of consciousness training in Buddhist meditation, has been scientifically examined since being extracted from the Buddhist system and secularized. It has two core characteristics: (1) attention to and awareness of one’s inner experience of the present moment and (2) an open, accepting attitude toward one’s inner experience. In recent years, the academic community has applied mindfulness in interventions for test anxiety, which are collectively referred to as “Mindfulness Interventions for Test Anxiety” (MI-TA).The NIH stage model, originally proposed to promote the implementation and dissemination of psychological interventions, divides the development of interventions into six stages: basic research, intervention generation and refinement, efficacy testing, mixed efficacy-effectiveness testing, effectiveness testing, and implementation and dissemination. A closed-loop connection is formed between the stages, meaning that the development of any intervention following the model is an iterative, recursive process. Inspired by the model, we distinguished five attributes of intervention research: mechanism exploration, intervention model design, efficacy testing, effectiveness testing, and implementation and dissemination. By extension, we outlined three research orientations from past studies on MI-TA: initially testing efficacy, refining and optimizing the model, and promoting implementation and dissemination. The current status of each approach is presented and discussed in our review.First, using target analysis, we conceptualized the mechanisms by which mindfulness training affects test anxiety. For one, mindfulness training emphasizes the awareness and acceptance of bodily sensations, which helps to relax physiological indicators and tensions induced by test anxiety and promotes emotional regulation. For another, mindfulness training emphasizes the awareness and acceptance of thoughts and emotions, which helps both to reduce worrying thoughts and cognitive interference caused by test anxiety and to sustain cognitive efficacy. Last, mindfulness training can promote de-reification and self-compassion, which can help to resist the self-depreciation caused by test anxiety and safeguard self-worth.Second, by comparing the practical components and effects of single-session, short-duration mindfulness exercises with those of MI-TA of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), we found that such exercises mostly included only focused attention (FA) meditation and lacked open monitoring (OM) meditation. Whereas FA mainly acted on the physiological indications and tension-related components of test anxiety, OM acted on the components of worrying and cognitive interference. FA and OM are different components of complete mindfulness practice and cannot be biased or replaced by each other.Regarding the core principles of MBSR, the requirements of teaching methods, and teaching objectives, we analyzed two optimized MI-TA models that integrate Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) mindfulness skills and integrated self-leadership strategies. As a result, we found that both could be improved in by adhering core teaching intentions, valuing the practical experience, organically integrating the components of the intervention for test anxiety, and improving the ease of implementation. Future interventions should be designed to capture the pedagogical intention of mindfulness interventions, integrate components specific to test anxiety, and weigh the curricular structure for specific contexts of implementation.Next, based on a review of two types of studies that promote the implementation and dissemination of MI-TA by approaching real-world target groups relying on multimedia and digital self-help interventions, we propose that future real-world-based interventions should take into account the external environment (e.g., regional economic, social, and cultural factors), the internal environment (e.g., schools’ organizational characteristics, cultural climate, and communication characteristics), stakeholders (e.g., intervention providers, school administrators, parents, and students), and the implementation process, including planning, participation, implementation, evaluation, and reflection. Likewise, studies on such interventions should vigorously adhere to the framework of implementation science.Last, we propose three research perspectives in light of the original intention of the NIH stage model and the specificity of mindfulness interventions: (1) focusing on continuously testing and clarifying the efficacy mechanisms of MI-TA at each stage by following the basic guidelines for identifying efficacy mechanisms; (2) taking special consideration of the study design, intervention model, control measures, and selection and measurement of outcome indicators by using the PRagmatic Explanatory Continuum Indicator Summary(PRECIS) -2 tool; and (3) enhancing the accuracy and adequacy of the interpretation of effects in research on MI-TA by being sensitive to the basic tenets of mindfulness interventions (e.g., including open monitoring, collecting data on intervention adherence, emphasizing the learning of attitudes of mindfulness, and considering the influence of different understanding of self between Eastern and Western cultures).
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2023-07-13
XU Shaoqing
LIU Xinhua
ZHANG Huiping
LI Bo
TANG Xinfeng
QU Gaiping
BAO Yuqin
ZHAO Junping
FU Zhongfang
Abstract： Because interventions to reduce test anxiety’s detrimental consequences have remained ineffective, the academic community has begun to introduce the concept of mindfulness into such interventions following the concept’s repeated validation. The NIH stage model, aimed at promoting the implementation and dissemination of psychological interventions, divides the development of interventions into six stages: basic research, intervention generation and refinement, efficacy testing, mixed efficacy–effectiveness testing, effectiveness testing, and implementation and dissemination. In our study, we therefore organized past studies on mindfulness-based interventions for test anxiety according to the NIH’s model. First, we explored the potential mechanism underlying mindfulness when it comes to treating test anxiety. Second, we summarized three dominant approaches, labeled “initial evaluation of treatment,” “refinement of intervention,” and “promotion of implementation and dissemination,” all rooted in previous evidence. Last, considering the NIH’s model and the uniqueness of mindfulness as an intervetion, we encourage future research focused on exploring the mechanism of change and implementing pragmatic research while being sensitive to four aspects of recent studies on mindfulness: the inclusion of open monitoring, the proper assessment of treatment adherence, increasing attention to how mindful attitudes are learned, and the possible influence of different understandings of self between Western and Eastern cultures.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： The corrosion behavior of Q235 carbon steel for grounding grids in artificial soils was studied by EIS, polarization curve measurement, SEM, EDS and XRD. These artificial soils were admixture of typical soil from the Shanghai free trade zone with different amount of salt, aiming to simulate the corrosivity of various soils of the entire Shanghai area. It is shown that with the increasing time, the corrosion impedance of the buried Q235 carbon steel increases firstly and then tends to be stable in soils with different salinity, its corrosion rates increases with the increasing salt content. The Q235 carbon steel suffered mainly from uniform corrosion accompanied with microbial corrosion, its corrosion products consisted mainly of Fe2O3. According to the evaluation criteria for corrosion resistance, the corrosion resistance of Q235 carbon steel for grounding grids in Shanghai soils can be ranked as fine.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-12-13 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to make better use of low-resolution face images, a new face super-resolution reconstruction based on L1/2 regularization and local texture constraints is proposed. In the process of face reconstruction, this paper uses Nonnegative Matrix Factorization to amplify the face image to an appropriate medium resolution. In this process, local texture constraints are used to enhance texture feature extraction. Then, face image reconstruction uses local sparse prior, and adds reconstruction constraints and local texture constraints again. In order to make the obtained face image sparse coefficient more sparse, L1/2 regularization is used to solve the problem. The experimental results show that the reconstructed face image retains the original image structure, and it can achieve good reconstruction results, and has better robustness.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-12-13 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to solve the high transportation cost problem faced by the third party logistics (3PL) suppliers, from the fourth party logistics (4PL) supplier’s point of view, a multi 3PL Collaborative Routing Customization Problem is proposed. As the problem needs to consider the route and the 3PLs simultaneously, a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization based K-shortest path algorithm (K-PSO) is designed. In the experimental analysis, the results show the effectiveness of the K-PSO by comparing with the GA and enumeration algorithm with different nodes’ and 3PL suppliers’ number. Finally, through the changes of the 3PL suppliers’ transit cost, it shows the advantages of the 4PL coordinated transportation.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-08-13 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： In order to solve the phenomenon of the edges of the image produce light bands in the de-hazing process and the whole image’s color becomes dim after de-hazing, this paper proposed a novel algorithm based on improved transmission and semi-inverse algorithm. Aiming at the dark channel prior failure at the edge of the image, a transmission correction mechanism is proposed in this paper to eliminate the band phenomenon at the edge and improve the application of the dark channel prior. Secondly, based on the atmospheric scattering model, the atmospheric light is obtained by using the semi-inverse algorithm. Then for the situation that the color of the whole image become dim after de-hazing, the image contrast algorithm based on wavelet transform is used to enhance the stretching treatment and improve the visual effect of image. The experimental results show that the algorithm can remove fog more effectively, and the ability to de-haze is better than the original algorithm.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： With the global aging population increasing, the daily behavior regulation and care of the old people have become a challenging social problem. In order to deal with the growing demand of society, this paper proposes a method that is driven by data and knowledge, and uses PSL (probabilistic soft logic) and multi-level analysis for modeling the old people's daily activities to solve the problem of nursing activity recognition. Experiments show that the method has higher accuracy than HMM in the event identification and abnormal activity detection, and has faster response speed than the non-hierarchical recognition method.
Hits
YES
Hits
Downloads
Comment