Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Body size perception refers to how an individual perceives the size, weight and proportions of his/her body. Distorted body size perception can be a mental health problems, and is associated with psychiatric disorders such as eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, depression, and certain psychotic disorders. This is an often-ignored research area, with largely inconsistent evidence. The extant literature concerning body size perception in patients with eating disorders generally supports four notions. First, anorexia nervosa (AN) patients and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients both overestimate their body size, but the magnitude of such distorted perception varies with different methods estimating one’s body size. Two commonly-used methods for body size estimation are the ‘depictive method’ and the ‘metric method’. The latter method usually generated a higher degree of overestimation in body size than the former method in patients with eating disorders. Second, the distorted body size perception in AN patients may be confounded by their extremely low body mass index (BMI). Yet, this previous finding is inconsistent due to the ecological validity of the ‘depictive’ and ‘metric’ methods. Third, AN and BN patients have different estimates of body size perception for ＂self＂ versus ＂others＂, and such discrepancy may be related to attitudes towards themselves. However, attitudinal factors and its effect on body size perception are seldom studied and thus remain unclear. Lastly, distorted body size perception in patients with eating disorder is correlated with symptom severity and could indicate prognosis of the illness. Body size perception is also one of the intervention targets for treating eating disorders. The literature remains inconclusive regarding whether healthy people have accurate body size perception, because previous findings vary with different designs in measuring body size perception, sample characteristics (demographics and geographical-cultural aspects). Yet in general, healthy people tend to perceive others’ body size consistently, with overestimation for others with low BMIs, and underestimation for others with high BMIs. Three cognitive mechanisms underlying distorted body size perception have been proposed, namely contraction bias, adaptive after-effect and serial dependence. These putative mechanisms operate in health people and patients with eating disorders. In view of the above-mentioned review of the literature, we recommended three useful approaches for research in body size perception. First, it is necessary to distinguish two different methods for estimating body size perception, namely the ‘recognition technique’ (which involves the use of a visual analogue as reference in measurements) and the ‘recall technique” (which does not involve any visual analogue). It is likely that the two methods will yield different estimates from subjects, and may partly account for the inconsistent finding in the literature. Second, the problems of unclear definition of “overestimation” in previous studies should be addressed, by developing operational criteria and a standardized definition across different paradigms. Third, male subjects should be included in future study, because this gender has been under-represented in previous research. Lastly, in view of the growing incidence of eating disorders, body size perception is a worthy topic for research in China.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2022-03-25
Abstract： <p>The accuracies of body size perception have been fount to be associated with level of mental health in the general population as well as the understanding, prevention and treatment of eating disorders. However, number of empirical studies in this field is limited and the findings are largely heterogeneous. First of all, patients with eating disorders overestimated their own body. The accuracies might be influenced by personal BMI as well as severity and prognosis of the disorders. Second, by comparing the estimation of one’s own body size with others among individuals with eating disorders, it was also found that the overestimation of one’s own body size was partly influenced by their attitudes towards own body. Third, studies on body size perception in the general population have not yet reached consistent conclusions, which may be influenced by the assessment methods. Finally, Three cognitive mechanisms underlying distorted body size perception have been proposed, namely contraction bias, adaptive aftereffect and serial dependence.</p>
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Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-04-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：通过对民勤绿洲外围4种不同立地类型黑果枸杞群落物种组成、生长特征、土壤因子等的调查，分析不同立地类型土壤因子对黑果枸杞生长的影响。结果表明：① 不同立地类型黑果枸杞群落物种结构简单，共出现12科24属28种，存在多个单属单科单种现象，多为适应干旱盐碱化的藜科、蒺藜科植物，无乔木和高大灌木，黑果枸杞在不同立地类型中优势地位明显。② 黑果枸杞群落丰富度指数砾石地高于盐碱地、覆沙地及固定或半固定沙丘地（P＜0.05）；多样性指数砾石地高于盐碱地，盐碱地高于覆沙地及固定或半固定沙丘地（P＜0.05）。③ 不同立地类型黑果枸杞密度表现为：盐碱地＞覆沙地＞固定或半固定沙丘地＞砾石地。株高表现为：固定或半固定沙丘地＞盐碱地＞覆沙地＞砾石地。冠幅表现为：固定或半固定沙丘地＞盐碱地＞砾石地＞覆沙地。④ 土壤速效钾、有效磷、全磷及有机质含量均为盐碱地显著高于其他3个立地类型（P＜0.05），全钾、全氮含量在4种不同立地类型之间差异性不显著（P＞0.05）。不同土层中土壤因子变化规律不同。⑤ 土壤水分随土层深度的增加变化趋势不同，砾石地和固定或半固定沙丘地中土壤含水率随土层深度的增加而增加，覆沙地随土层深度的增加呈现波动变化，盐碱地随土层深度的增加变化不大。⑥ 黑果枸杞的生长状况和形态学特征株高、冠幅等受土壤水分、土壤氮、磷、钾及有机质等土壤因子的影响和制约，且10~20 cm土层深度土壤因子影响最为密切。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in comparison with routine culture and enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy-based aprroaches. Methods Stool samples were collected from suspected CDI cases in General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLAbetween May and December in 2016. All the samples were examined with 3 methods, namely enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy for detecting Clostridium difficile toxinA/B (CDAB), detection of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and q-PCRfor amplification ofClostridiumdifficile-specificgenetpiandtoxingene(tcdA/tcdB),withtheresultsoffecalcultureasthereferenceforevaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 methods. Results Of the total of 70 fecal samples, 13 (18.57%) were found to be positive for Clostridium difficile, including toxin-producing strains in 6 (8.57%) samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rate of q-PCR for tpi were 92.31%, 91.23%, 70.59%, 98.11% and 91.43%, respectively,whichweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofGDHtest(84.62%,84.21%,55.00%,96.00%,and84.29%,respectively; χ2=24.881, P<0.001). The sensitivity of q-PCR for tcdA/cdB was significantly higher than that of enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy for CDAB in detecting CDI (66.67% vs 33.33%; χ2=35.918, P<0.001). Conclusion Both CDAB detection and q-PCR have a high specificity in detecting CDI, but GDH detection has a good sensitivity, and all these 3 methods have a high negative predictive value. Compared with other detection methods, amplification of tpi and tcdA/tcdB using q-PCR allows morerapid,sensitiveandspecificdetectionofCDI.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-07 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To prepare and characterize rabbit polyclonal antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii vacuolar proton pyrophosphatase type I (TgVP1). Methods and Results Two synthesized peptides TgVP1-1 and TgVP1-2 as the haptens were conjugated with KLH to immunize rabbits. Indirect ELISA showed that the titers of rabbit anti-TgVP1-1 polyclonal antibody and rabbit anti-TgVP1-2 polyclonal antibody reached 1∶128000. Western blotting results revealed that both purified polyclonal antibodies could specifically bind to a purified 85 kD T. gondii protein predicted as TgVP1. The protein detected by these two polyclonal antibodies was distributed in the cytoplasm of T. gondii tachyzoite, and this distribution pattern was consistent with that of acidocalcisome. Conclusion The peptide-based method of antibody generation is efficient and the obtained TgVP1 polyclonal antibodies possess a high specificity to facilitate further study of T. gondii acidocalcisome and the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in comparison with routine culture and enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy-based aprroaches. Methods Stool samples were collected from suspected CDI cases in General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA between May and December in 2016. All the samples were examined with 3 methods, namely enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy for detecting Clostridium difficile toxin A/B (CDAB), detection of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and q-PCR for amplification of Clostridium difficile-specific gene tpi and toxin gene (tcdA/tcdB), with the results of fecal culture as the reference for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 methods. Results Of the total of 70 fecal samples, 13 (18.57% ) were found to be positive for Clostridium difficile, including toxin-producing strains in 6 (8.57%) samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic coincidence rate of q-PCR for tpi were 92.31%, 91.23%, 70.59%, 98.11% and 91.43%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of GDH test (84.62%, 84.21%, 55.00%, 96.00%, and 84.29%, respectively; χ2=24.881, P<0.001). The sensitivity of q-PCR for tcdA/cdB was significantly higher than that of enzyme-linked fluorescent spectroscopy for CDAB in detecting CDI (66.67% vs 33.33%; χ2=35.918, P<0.001). Conclusion Both CDAB detection and q-PCR have a high specificity in detecting CDI, but GDH detection has a good sensitivity, and all these 3 methods have a high negative predictive value. Compared with other detection methods, amplification of tpi and tcdA/tcdB using q-PCR allows more rapid, sensitive and specific detection of CDI.
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