Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-09
Abstract： Psychological and brain science explore human behavior and the human brain by studying volunteers who participate in these studies. Given that the mind and behavior of participants are influenced by their own biological and social factors, the generalizability of findings in these fields largely depends on the representativeness of samples. However, the representativeness of samples in psychological and brain science has long been criticized as “WEIRD” (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). In recent years, several meta-researches have surveyed the representativeness of samples in published studies from different sub-fields, but an overall understanding of the representativeness of samples in psychological and brain science is lacking. In this review, we analyze these meta-researches to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current state of sample representativeness. Two common issues emerged across these meta-researches.
Firstly, the demographics of participants were incomplete in most of the published studies. Most psychological and brain science studies reported participants’ gender, age, and country, but participants’ race/ethnicity, education level, and socioeconomic status were far less reported. Other important demographics, such as rural/urban division, were not reported at all. Additionally, the reporting of these demographics has increased only slightly in recent years compared to decades ago. Thus, the under-reporting of demographic information in literature was largely unchanged.
Secondly, based on the reported demographics, we found that samples in the field are far from being representative of the world population: most participants are young, highly educated Caucasian females in Western countries; middle-aged and older, less educated, colored people in and outside Western countries are less likely to be studied. In terms of countries, Southeast Asian, African, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries appear fewer in psychological and brain science research.
These two issues may be due to the following reasons: convenience sampling dominates psychological and brain science; Western researchers dominate the field of psychology and brain science, with most of the editors-in-chief, editorial board members, and authors coming from Europe and America; psychology and brain science undervalued the effect of socioeconomic and cultural factors; and researchers mistakenly believe that findings from Western participants can be generalized to all human beings. Addressing the issue of sample representativeness in psychological and brain sciences requires a concerted effort by researchers, academic societies, journals, and funding agencies: Researchers should collect and report detailed demographic information about participants, state the limitations of generalizability, and use sampling methods that can increase representativeness whenever possible (e.g., probability sampling); academic societies should pay attention to the representativeness issues by organizing more academic symposium or workshops on this topic; journals should increase the representativeness of editorial board members and encourage more rigorous research with samples from underrepresented groups or studies that examine the generalizability of important findings; funding agencies can encourage researchers to pay more attention to study groups from underrepresented countries, and provide financial support for studying hard-to-research population. Improving sample representativeness will enhance the value of applying psychological and brain science knowledge in real-life settings and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-07-09
Abstract： Entrepreneurial passion has always been an important topic of research in the field of entrepreneurship. Such passion consists of entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings resulting from entrepreneurial experiences. Previous studies have reported that entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings may not change synchronously over time, which may lead to either a state of fit or a state of misfit. Such a state of misfit may influence entrepreneurial efforts in different directions. Although a great deal of research has reported that both entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings can enhance entrepreneurs’ engagement and persistence in entrepreneurial activities, scholars have highlighted the potential negative effects of excessive commitment in the context of entrepreneurship, such as entrepreneurial addiction. Thus, this study, which is based on identity control theory and involves response surface analysis, aimed to elucidate the impacts of a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings on both entrepreneurial efforts and entrepreneurial addiction. Additionally, this study proposes and tests the possibility that contentment and anxiety mediate the relationships between a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings and both entrepreneurial efforts and entrepreneurial addiction, thus extending our understanding of this topic.
Study 1 employed 8 consecutive measurements to investigate 364 entrepreneurs who were in the process of starting their own businesses; these entrepreneurs were recruited from four provinces, i.e., Jilin, Shandong, Henan, and Liaoning, and a total of 145 people ultimately completed all the surveys. After the participants completed the baseline survey (which included questions regarding their personal information and entrepreneurial status), a follow-up questionnaire was distributed to the participants to measure their entrepreneurial identity centrality, intense positive feelings, entrepreneurial effort, and entrepreneurial addiction over the past 6 weeks. The effects of a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings on both entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction were analysed via polynomial regression and response surface analysis, respectively. Study 2 focused on different sample of participants recruited from the four provinces (cities) of Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Beijing; like Study 1, this study featured eight consecutive measurements, although it included additional measures of contentment and anxiety. In Study 2, we collected data from a total of 157 participants. In both studies, we used the same well-established scales to measure each variable. Moreover, some variables, such as sex, were controlled for in this study to mitigate their potential influence on the results of the study.
On the basis of identity control theory, Study 1 first explored the effects of a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings on both entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction. The results of this study were consistent with our hypotheses, revealing that (1) entrepreneurial effort is higher and entrepreneurial addiction is lower in cases involving a fit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings than in cases involving a misfit between these factors. (2) In cases involving a fit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings, entrepreneurs who exhibit high identity centrality and high positive feelings report higher levels of entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction than do entrepreneurs who exhibit low identity centrality and low positive feelings. (3) In situations involving a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings, entrepreneurs who exhibit high identity centrality and low positive feelings report higher levels of entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction than do entrepreneurs who exhibit low identity centrality and high positive feelings. Study 2 investigated samples with different backgrounds and introduced two types of achievement emotions, i.e., contentment and anxiety, with the goal of exploring the underlying mechanisms in further detail while revalidating the results of Study 1. In addition, we tested a mediating hypothesis that proposes that a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings reduces entrepreneurial effort via contentment and enhances entrepreneurial addiction via anxiety.
Our study enhances our understanding of the complex relationships between two components of entrepreneurial passion (entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings) and two components of entrepreneurial behaviour (entrepreneurial effort and entrepreneurial addiction). First, this research not only responds to calls for an understanding of the fit between the two components of entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings but also integrates the fit perspective and identity control theory to highlight additional explanatory paths for changes in entrepreneurial effort. Second, this study focuses on the "dark side" of entrepreneurial behaviour and verifies that the centrality of entrepreneurial identity and the dislocation of strong positive emotions are important themes pertaining to entrepreneurial addiction. Finally, this investigation of outcome-oriented achievement emotions deepens our understanding of the relationships between a misfit between entrepreneurial identity centrality and intense positive feelings and both entrepreneurial efforts and entrepreneurial addiction.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2024-07-09
Abstract： We provide an efficient $ O(n^2) $ implementation for solving the all pairs minimax path problem or widest path problem in an undirected dense graph. It is a code implementation of the Algorithm 4 (MMJ distance by Calculation and Copy) in a previous paper. The distance matrix is also called the all points path distance (APPD). We conducted experiments to test the implementation and algorithm, compared it with several other algorithms for solving the APPD matrix. Result shows Algorithm 4 works good for solving the widest path or minimax path APPD matrix. It can drastically improve the efficiency for computing the APPD matrix. There are several theoretical outcomes which claim the APPD matrix can be solved accurately in $ O(n^2) $ . However, they are impractical because there is no code implementation of these algorithms. It seems Algorithm 4 is the first algorithm that has an actual code implementation for solving the APPD matrix of minimax path or widest path problem in $ O(n^2) $, in an undirected dense graph.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mine Engineering Technology >> Other Disciplines of Mining Engineering submitted time 2024-07-08
Abstract： Simulation of subsurface energy system involves multi-physical processes such as thermal, hydraulical, and
mechanical (THM) processes, and requires a so-called THM coupled modeling approach. THM coupled modeling
is commonly performed in geothermal energy production. However, for hydrocarbon extraction, we need to
consider multiphase flow additionally. In this paper, we describe a three-dimensional numerical model of non-
isothermal two-phase flow in the deformable porous medium by integrating governing equations of two-phase
mixture in the porous media flow in the reservoir. To account for inter-woven impacts in subsurface condi-
tions, we introduced a temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and a fluid density along with a strain-dependent
reservoir permeability. Subsequently, we performed numerical experiments of a ten-year water flooding pro-
cess employing the open-source parallelized code, OpenGeoSys. We considered different well patterns with colder
water injection in realistic scenarios. Our results demonstrate that our model can simulate complex interactions of
temperature, pore pressure, subsurface stress and water saturation simultaneously to evaluate the recovery per-
formance. High temperature can promote fluid flow while cold water injection under non-isothermal conditions
causes the normal stress reduction by significant thermal stress. Under different well patterns the displacement
efficiency will be changed by the relative location between injection and production wells. This finding has
provided the important reference for fluid flow and induced stress evolution during hydrocarbon exploitation
under the environment of large reservoir depth and high temperature.
Subjects: Mine Engineering Technology >> Other Disciplines of Mining Engineering submitted time 2024-07-08
Abstract： Rockburst is a phenomenon where sudden, catastrophic failure of the rock mass occurs in underground deep regions or areas with high tectonic stress during the excavation process. Rockburst disasters endanger the safety of people’s lives and property, national energy security, and social interests, so it is very important to accurately predict rockburst. Traditional rockburst prediction has not been able to find an effective prediction method, and the study of the rockburst mechanism is facing a dilemma. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in recent years, more and more experts and scholars have begun to introduce AI techniques into the study of the rockburst mechanism. In previous research, several scholars have attempted to summarize the application of AI techniques in rockburst prediction. However, these studies either are not specifically focused on reviews of the application of AI techniques in rockburst prediction, or they do not provide a comprehensive overview. Drawing on the advantages of extensive interdisciplinary research and a deep understanding of AI techniques, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of rockburst prediction methods leveraging AI techniques. Firstly, pertinent definitions of rockburst and its associated hazards are introduced. Subsequently, the applications of both traditional prediction methods and those rooted in AI techniques for rockburst prediction are summarized, with emphasis placed on the respective advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of prediction methods leveraging AI are summarized, alongside forecasting future research trends to address existing challenges, while simultaneously proposing directions for improvement to advance the field and meet emerging demands effectively.
Subjects: Mine Engineering Technology >> Other Disciplines of Mining Engineering submitted time 2024-07-08
Wenjie Xu
Yingtao Hu
Yunmin Chen
Liangtong Zhan
Ruiqi Chen
Jinlong Li
Duanyang Zhuang
Qingdong Li
Ke Li
Abstract： Hyper-gravity experiment enable the acceleration of the long-term transport of contaminants through fractured geological barriers. However, the hyper-gravity effect of the solute transport in fractures are not well understood. In this study, the sealed control apparatus and the 3D printed fracture models were used to carry out 1 g and N g hyper-gravity experiments. The results show that the breakthrough curves for the 1 g and N g experiments were almost the same. The differences in the flow velocity and the fitted hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient were 0.97-3.12% and 9.09-20.4%, indicating that the internal fractures of the 3D printed fracture models remained stable under hyper-gravity, and the differences in the flow and solute transport characteristics were acceptable. A method for evaluating the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured rocks was proposed based on the hyper-gravity experiment. The solute transport processes in the 1 g prototype, 1 g scaled model, and N g scaled model were simulated by the OpenGeoSys (OGS) software. The results show that the N g scaled model can reproduce the flow and solute transport processes in the 1 g prototype without considering the micro-scale heterogeneity if the Reynolds number (Re) � critical Reynolds number (Recr) and the Peclet number (Pe) � the critical Peclet number (Pecr). This insight is valuable for carrying out hyper-gravity experiments to evaluate the long-term barrier performance of low-permeability fractured porous rock.
Subjects: Mine Engineering Technology >> Other Disciplines of Mining Engineering submitted time 2024-07-08
Abstract： The key to achieving rockburst warning lies in the understanding of rockburst precursors. Considering the correlation characteristics of rockburst acoustic emission (AE) parameters, a self-organizing map neural network (SOMNN) based method for rockburst precursor inversion was proposed. The feature of this method lies in a cyclic data segmentation iteration process based on the thinking of "interference signal screening", "key signal extraction", and "precursor signal inversion". The rationality of this method has been verified in three groups of rockburst experiments. The results revealed that rockburst AE precursor signals consist of a series of signals characterized by long duration, high energy, low average frequency, high energy amplitude, and low peak frequency. Subsequently, potential value in long term rockburst warning of the precursor obtained in this study was shown via the comparison of conventional precursors. Finally, a preliminary interpretation for rockburst precursor was proposed under the framework of AE parameters physical significance, and it is revealed that AE precursor signals are likely linked to the creation of large-scale tensile cracks before rockburst
Subjects: Mine Engineering Technology >> Other Disciplines of Mining Engineering submitted time 2024-07-08
Abstract： Broken coal and rock (BCR) are an important component medium of the caving zone in the goaf (or gob), as well as the main filling material of fault fracture zone and collapse column. The compaction seepage characteristics of BCR directly affect the safe and efficient mining of coal mines. Thus, numerous laboratory studies have focused on the compaction seepage characteristics of BCR. This paper first outlines the engineering problems involved in the BCR during coal mining including the air leakage, the spontaneous combustion, the gas drainage, and the underground reservoirs in the goaf. Water inrush related to tectonics such as faults and collapse columns and surface subsidence related to coal gangue filling and mining also involve the compaction seepage characteristics of BCR. Based on the field problems of BCR, many attempts have been made to mimic field environments in laboratory tests. The experimental equipment (cavity size and shape, acoustic emission, CT, etc.) and experimental design for the BCR were firstly reviewed. The main objects of laboratory analysis can be divided into compression tests and seepage test. During the compaction test, the main research focuses on the bearing deformation characteristics (stress-strain curve), pore evolution characteristics, and re-crushing characteristics of BCR. The seepage test mainly uses gas or water as the main medium to study the evolution characteristics of permeability under different compaction stress conditions. In the laboratory tests, factors such as the type of coal and rock mass, particle size, particle shape, water pressure, temperature, and stress path are usually considered. The lateral compression test of BCR can be divided into three stages, including the self-adjustment stage, the broken stage, and the elastic stage or stable stage. At each stage, stress, deformation, porosity, energy, particle size and breakage rate all have their own characteristics. Seepage test regarding the water permeability experiment of BCR is actually belong to variable mass seepage. While the experimental test still focuses on the influence of stress on the pore structure of BCR in terms of gas permeability. Finally, future laboratory tests focus on the BCR related coal mining including scaling up, long term loading and water immersion, mining stress path matching were discussed.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-07-07
Abstract： [Objective] To develop the behavioral scale and test its validity.
[Methods] Literature review and expert consultation were used. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 63 designated hospitals in various provinces and cities to determine the reliability and validity of the scale.
[Results] The formal scale consists of 28 items in 6 dimensions. Total table Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.914, and Cronbach’s α coefficient of each dimension was 0.792 to 0.94-0.941; 6 factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.084%. The scale had good structural validity (χ 2 / df = 4.534, RMSEA = 0.050, GFI=0.93, CFI = 0.963), content validity was 0.96 and content validity index of each item was 0.8 to 1.
[Conclusion] The children’s drug use behavior scale has good reliability and validity, which can be used to evaluate the safety and standardization of children’s drug use behavior, and provide reference for the standard management of children’s drug use.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines submitted time 2024-07-06
Abstract：
This paper summarizes the nursing experience of intractable abdominal distension and constipation treated with acupoint massage. Based on the dialectical care of traditional Chinese medicine, combined with routine nursing measures such as diet, mood, daily life, and health knowledge education, the clinical treatment of severe abdominal distension and constipation, and improve the quality of life of patients.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-06
Abstract： Native Mandarin Chinese listeners usually perceive lexical tones categorically - that is, the identification of one tone category shift sharply to another tone category. On the other side, aging has negative effects on human listeners’ speech perception. In general, aging results in difficulties with speech perception. Although the categorical perception of Mandarin tones has been studied extensively for younger native Chinese listeners, little is known on how aging affects the categorical perception of Mandarin tones. Besides, music and speech share many acoustic commonalities and cognitive mechanisms. Previous studies have found that music experience can improve categorical perception of Mandarin tones in children and adult musicians. However, it remains to be established whether music experience can delay the age-related decline of the categorical perception of Mandarin tones in the older and which aspect of musical plasticity contributes to this compensation./t/nThe present study used a 2 (age: old vs young) x 2 (music experience: musicians vs non-musicians) between-subjects design to investigate the effects of aging and music experience on categorical perception of Mandarin lexical tones continuum（from Tone 1 to Tone 2). Two experiments of Mandarin tone perception were conducted for younger and older listeners with Mandarin Chinese as the native language. The 109 participants were assigned to four groups, young musicians group (n = 27), young non-musicians group (n = 27), old musicians group (n = 28), old non-musicians group (n = 27). The first experiment was the typical categorical perception paradigm: tone identification and discrimination for a series of stimuli, the F0 contour of which systematically varied from Tone 1 to Tone 2. In the second experiment, the individual features of participants were tested, including digital span test, Montreal cognitive assessment and pure-tone audiometry./t/nThis study investigated if age and music experience can influence participants’ boundary position, slope, peakedness, within-category and between-category discrimination accuracy in category perception of Mandarin Tone 1 and Tone 2 through 2 (age: old vs young) x 2 (music experience: musicians vs non-musicians) repeated measures ANOVA. Path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of age and music experience on categorical perception of Mandarin tones. The results showed that (1) Compared with young listeners, older listeners generally had lower degree of categorical perception of Mandarin tones, but music experience would delay the age-related decline in categorical perception of Mandarin tones. (2) Aging and music training duration had significantly opposite effects on the categorical perception of Mandarin tones on working memory./t/nIn conclusion, these results supported that music experience would improve the ability of speech perception of older listeners, and further explored the internal mechanism on this basis. In addition, this study had a positive effect on revealing that music experience would delay the the age-related decline in speech perception.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-07-06
Abstract： As the horror consumption industry expands, horror-related entertainment projects have become one of the most popular and profitable forms of entertainment. However, although horror films and horror challenge events appeal to some younger consumers, the majority of consumers show a reluctance to consume these products due to fear and dread. Therefore, from a practical standpoint, it is worth investigating which factors can increase or decrease consumers’ willingness to consume horror products. However, previous research mainly focused on examining the same-domain factors that drive consumers’ horror consumption preferences. Limited research studied the cross-domain factors that influence consumers’ preferences for horror consumption. To address this research gap, this paper examines how consumers’ horror consumption preferences are influenced by their experiences in a prior, unrelated context.
Specifically, this paper proposes that prior engagement in creative activities (versus non-creative activities) increases consumers’ preference for horror consumption, and self-efficacy mediates the cross-domain effect. Furthermore, this paper proposes that the cross-domain effect will be evident when consumers receive positive feedback regarding their creative performance, and when the creative activity is lowly difficult. Conversely, the effect will disappear when consumers receive negative feedback or when the creative activity is highly difficulty.
Across seven studies, we provide converging evidence for our propositions. Specifically, we find that engaging consumers in a creative activity can increase their preference for horror consumption (Studies 1~3) due to the increases in self-efficacy (Studies 4a~4b). Furthermore, the effect of engaging in creative activities on consumers’ preference for horror consumption disappears (is evident) when consumers receive negative (positive) feedback (Study 5) and when the creative activity is highly (lowly) difficult to complete (Study 6). Finally, the above results cannot be explained by alternative explanations such as mood (Study 2~3), motivation to seek new experiences (Study 4a), felt inspiration in creative activities and felt pleasure (Study 4b).
This paper makes several theoretical advances to prior research. First, it advances the literature on horror consumption by investigating the cross-domain factors that influence consumers’ preference for horror consumption. This exploration opens new avenues for studying consumers’ preferences for horror products. Second, this paper contributes to past creativity research by investigating how consumers’ behavior changes when they engage in a creative activity. The current research reveals a novel outcome of consumers’ engagement in creative activities: an increased preference for horror consumption. Finally, this paper contributes to self-efficacy research by establishing a linkage between engaging in creative activities and self-efficacy, and a linkage between self-efficacy and horror consumption. We contribute to prior literature by proposing that engaging in creative activities can boost self-efficacy. In addition, we show that increased self-efficacy can lead consumers to engage in horror consumption.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-07-05
Abstract： The causal relationship between attention and value is a core topic in decision-making research. With advancements in computational modeling, particularly the application of the attentional Drift Diffusion Model (aDDM), researchers have found that attention can amplify the value of options to guide decisions, known as "choose what I see." However, the limitations and conflicting results of this model in practical applications have called this perspective into question, suggesting an alternative causal relationship—"see what I choose," where consumers make choices based on the value of items, with attention merely reflecting this value passively. This review aims to explore the application value of aDDM and its conflicting findings in elucidating the relationship of attention and value. The results revealed that, although aDDM provides concrete evidence for the "choose what I see" hypothesis, the strength of this evidence is not sufficient to fully support the view. Moreover, the modeling results uncover a more complex interaction between attention and value, suggesting a potentially bidirectional dynamic relationship between the two. Future research should refine the time windows of attention and investigate this causal relationship within a more open theoretical framework, while also considering its implications for consumer decision-making.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-07-05
Abstract： Sensory cues, such as the color, flavor, and taste of food, play a crucial role in influencing individuals’ perceptions of food healthiness and their choices of healthy foods. However, traditional categorizations of sensory factors are insufficient for representing the diversity of food sensory perceptions in the context of new technology. Given this backdrop, food-related sensory factors can be divided into four types based on the distance of sensory organ detection and the nature of the sensory experience: proximal direct, proximal indirect, distal direct, and distal indirect sensory factors. The influence and mechanism of these sensory factors on food healthiness perception and healthy food choices vary. For distal senses, both direct and indirect sensory factors primarily operate through mental imagination, simulation, and cognitive mechanisms. In contrast, for proximal senses, direct sensory factors mainly impact through physiological arousal, brain reward, emotions, and memory, while indirect sensory factors still depend on mental imagination and simulation mechanisms. Additionally, sensory processing characteristics, exposure situations of sensory stimuli, and contexts for indirect experiences moderate the relationship between food sensory factors and psychological mechanisms. Furthermore, the type of food and individual characteristics can moderate the relationship between psychological mechanisms and perceptions of food healthiness and healthy food choices. Finally, future research directions are proposed based on this integrative framework.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-05
Abstract： The same location cost refers to the slower responses of the valid cues compared to the responses of the invalid cues when the features of the cues and the targets are inconsistent. One hypothesis explaining the same location cost is feature based suppression. It was found that the distractors with target features captured attention, while the irrelevant feature singletons led to the same location cost. This means that participants suppress feature singletons that do not match the target, causing delayed attentional allocation to this location. The other hypothesis is object updating. This suggests that the cues and the target with inconsistent features appearing in the same location are viewed as an object with changing features, the delayed response to the target reflects the time cost of updating information on the changing object. However, whether the same location cost can occur at the level of abstract conceptual meaning remains not to be studied. Here, we examined the conditions and factors for the occurrence of the same location cost contingent for meaning, in order to determine the mechanism of spatial attentional allocation./t/nA modified spatial cuing paradigm was employed in the current study. For each trial, the fixation display including central fixation and two peripheral boxes presented for 500ms, then the cue display presented for 100ms, after which the fixation display presented again for 100ms, and finally the target display presented for 500ms. In our researches, the semantic congruency between cues and targets, the semantic congruency between cues and non target items, and the locations of cues were manipulated. Cue effect which was the difference between the response of the target when it did not appear at the position of the cue and the response when it appeared at the position of the cue served as the indicator of the cue regulating the spatial attention./t/nExperiment 1 established the attentional inhibition setting for cues that were semantically consistent with non target features, and for the first time we discovered the same location cost contingent for meaning. Experiment 2 excluded the semantic contingency between cues and non target items on the basis of Experiment 1, and the same location cost disappeared, indicating that the same location cost required the attentional suppression based on non target features. Experiment 3 found that the attentional allocation was different when cues appeared at possible and impossible target positions, with only the same location cost occurring when cues appeared at possible target positions. Experiment 4 excluded the meaningful contingency between cues and non target items on the basis of Experiment 3, and the same location cost disappeared without being affected by the location of cues./t/nTo our knowledge, we have discovered for the first time the same location cost contingent for meaning and clarified its mechanism of occurrence. It is concluded that (1) the same location cost can occur at the level of abstract conceptual meaning, contingent on the current attentional control setting which is strong enough, (2) when participants hold a strong attentional control setting that suppresses a certain feature or concept, objects that are consistent with that feature or concept will be suppressed, (3) the same location cost contingent for meaning comes from suppressing non target features, but is limited to possible target locations and exhibits location-based specificity.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-05
Abstract： Individuals with high autistic traits exhibit characteristics like those with autism, including impairments in sociability and communication skills. The question of whether high autistic traits individuals exhibit less cooperation remains debated. This study employed the Prisone’s Dilemma game (PDG) to objectively measure the cooperation of individuals with high autistic traits using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyper-scanning technique. Cognitive and emotional empathy were also measured through laboratory experiments. A total of 112 participants were screened using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and divided into two paired groups: low-low autistic traits pairs (n = 29) and high-low autistic traits pairs (n = 27). This study revealed several key findings. First, individuals with high autistic traits had a lower unilateral cooperation rate compared to those with low autistic traits. Second, the high-low autistic traits pair group exhibited a lower mutual cooperation rate and reduced inter-brain synchronization (IBS) in the right inferior parietal lobule (r-IPL) and the right temporoparietal junction (r-TPJ) compared to the low-low autistic traits pair group. Third, individuals with high autistic traits had significantly lower cognitive empathy scores than those with low autistic traits. These cognitive empathy scores showed a marginally significant positive correlation with the unilateral cooperation rate and a marginally significant negative correlation with the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (r-IFG). While emotional empathy scores did not differ significantly, in individuals with high autistic traits, there was a significant positive correlation between emotional empathy scores and activation of the r-IFG. This study reveals abnormalities in the cooperation of individuals with high autistic traits. It also emphasizes the significant link between empathy and cooperation. This finding suggests that individuals with high autism traits can be regarded as a “simulated population” of autism. This approach allows for further validation and development of autism models by controlling for comorbidities, utilizing larger samples, and employing more complex task situations.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2024-07-04
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] This study explores the change process of interdisciplinary integration under different development stages from multiple dimensions, which helps to enrich the research methods of interdisciplinary characteristics, dig out the core technologies and potential methods to promote interdisciplinary integration, and provide references for the formulation of interdisciplinary related policies. [Methodology/Process] A combination of bibliometrics and natural language processing was adopted in this paper. Coarse-grained analysis of interdisciplinary characteristics was conducted by using indicators of diversity, persistence, stability, and affinity. Simultaneously, fine-grained analysis of interdisciplinary characteristics was conducted: based on technology/method trigger verbs, combined with dependency syntax analysis and domain technical reports, technology/method elements are automatically extracted and filtered, then the results are mapped to disciplines to identify research methods and technical elements related to disciplines. [Results/Conclusion] Taking the digital humanities as an example for empirical analysis, the results indicate that the proposed method can effectively reveal the interdisciplinary characteristics within the field.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-04 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP) is a crucial indicator for assessing the arbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems, and Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) is a key factor influencing regional differences in carbon uptake. Analyzing the trends of LUCC and NEP is essential for achieving regional carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the LUCC and MODIS remote sensing data from 2000 to 2020 in the Aksu River Basin, the annual average carbon sequestration rate of each land use/cover type in the region was estimated. The LUCC for the next 40 years was simulated by the PLUS model, and the spatial and temporal trend of NEP for the next 40 years in the river basin was predicted. The results show that: (1) the total NEP in the basin has shown an increasing trend in the past 20 years, with an uptake rate of 0.136 Mt C·(10a)-1, and the average carbon sequestration rate of forest area is the highest; (2) the total carbon uptake in the Aksu River Basin will continue to increase in the future 40 years. The increase in forest area is the main way of increasing carbon uptake in the Aksu River Basin, and the positive role of ecological protection projects plays a key role in this process.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-04 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Lakes, as integral components of terrestrial ecosystems, are vital for regional economic growth and ecological security. Previous studies have primarily focused on typical or large lakes in the Xinjiang region, with comparatively less attention given to smaller lakes. This study analyzed the areal dynamics of 74 small and medium-sized lakes in Xinjiang from 1991 to 2020, conducting a comprehensive analysis of lakes at varying altitudes and with diverse geographical characteristics. The research uncovered that during 1991-2020, the total area of lakes in Xinjiang expanded from 167.98 km² to 400.51 km², with the most significant growth observed in mountainous lakes. Monthly scale analysis revealed pronounced seasonal characteristics in the areal changes of these mountainous lakes. Statistical analysis indicated divergent responses of lakes at different altitudes to climatic changes. The substantial enlargement of lakes in Xinjiang’s mountainous regions is primarily attributed to climate change, particularly the rise in average annual temperatures. In the plains, human activities, especially irrigation, were identified as the primary drivers of lake area changes, while the impact of climatic factors was relatively minor.
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-07-04 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Soil nitrogen mineralization is a key process of soil nitrogen cycle, and temperature is one of the most important factors affecting soil nitrogen mineralization. Studying the effect of temperature on soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics in different successional stages is of great significance for understanding soil nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the communities in different successional stages of Xinglong Mountain in Gansu Province were taken as the research object. The indoor constant temperature aerobic culture method was used to study the soil nitrogen mineralization characteristics of five successional stages (grassland, shrub forest, Betula platyphylla forest, Picea wilsonii-Betula platyphylla forest and Picea wilsonii forest) under different temperatures (15 ℃, 25 ℃, 35 ℃). The results showed that: (1) Except for the 0~20 cm soil depth of grassland, the soil nitrogen mineralization rate of the other successional stages increased with the increase of temperature (15~35 ℃), and the cumulative mineralization of soil nitrogen in different successional stages increased with the increase of temperature. (2) With the positive advancement of succession, the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount of different successional stages showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The soil nitrogen mineralization rate of Betula platyphylla forest was the highest, which was 1.63 times, 1.61 times, 1.25 times and 1.47 times that of grassland, shrub forest, Picea wilsonii-Betula platyphylla forest and Picea wilsonii forest, respectively. The soil nitrogen mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization amount of Picea wilsonii-Betula platyphylla forest were the highest, which were 0.68 times, 0.72 times, 0.84 times and 0.97 times of those of grassland, shrub forest, Betula platyphylla forest and Picea wilsonii forest, respectively. (3) With the increase of soil depth, the soil nitrogen mineralization rate and cumulative mineralization showed a decreasing trend, with the maximum in the 0~20 cm soil depth. (4) There were significant differences in the temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10 at 15 ℃ and 25 ℃ in different successional stages (P<0.05). With the positive succession, the temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10 decreased first and then increased. There was no significant difference in the temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10 between the communities at different succession stages at 25 ℃ and 35 ℃ (P>0.05). The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the evolution of soil quality and the dynamic change of soil nitrogen supply capacity in the community.
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