Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-10-31
Abstract： Prosocial behaviors have a significant impact on social cohesion. Previous behavioral studies found that prosocial behaviors can be influenced by conformity tendency, including altruistic behavior, trusting behavior, fairness, generosity and charity. People tend to imitate others’ behaviors and adopt the deeper goals and motives of group in social context. Previous neuroimaging studies found that prosocial conformity are related to brain regions involved in reward processing, such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. Brain areas that were related to error processing also play a critical role in prosocial conformity. Prosocial conformity can be modulated by social value orientation, interpersonal trust and interpersonal sensitivity. Future studies can focus on the stability of prosocial conformity, prosocial conformity in children, individual differences, clinical research and cultural diversity.
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Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-30
Abstract： " " "
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Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-10-29
Abstract：文章基于资源保存理论，采用体验抽样法收集了一家商业银行114名员工及其配偶的数据。结果表明，在个体内层面，员工正念通过员工情感联结策略的中介作用影响其配偶家庭满意度及第二天早上工作投入；在个体间层面的配偶家庭负面情感表达调节了员工正念与员工情感联结策略的关系及员工情感联结策略的中介作用，即配偶家庭负面情感表达水平越高，员工正念对员工情感联结策略的影响及员工情感联结策略的中介作用相对更弱。
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Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-10-28
Abstract： " "
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Subjects: Traffic and Transportation Engineering >> Traffic and Transportation System Engineering submitted time 2020-10-28
Abstract： This paper introduces a unified hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for the transit bus and driver scheduling problems, such as the problem with fuel or electronic vehicles, the problem with single route or multiple routes, and the problem that arises from most transit companies in China where a driver should drive the same bus in the same day. The problems aim to minimize the fixed bus cost, the bus travel cost, the fixed driver cost and the allowance for drivers, while satisfying various operational rules on vehicles and drivers. The hybrid algorithm was implemented based on initial solution generation, local search improvement and the search strategies such as iterative local search (ILS), variable neighborhood decent (VND), and set partitioning. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on 62 single-route instances and 11 multi-route instances. There are three important findings for transit operations in China from the experimentation. First, electronic vehicles may replaces fuel buses by an increase of 0.8% and 1.6% vehicles for single-route instances and multi-route instances, respectively. Second, compared with the single-route scheduling, the multi-route scheduling has potentials to reduce 4.6% of vehicles and 2.4% of drivers. Third, if the drivers are allowed to change driving in their daily works, the number of vehicles required could be reduced significantly, especially for the single-route instances.
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Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2020-10-28
Abstract： Surveys are commonly used in psychological and educational research. Insufficient effort response (IER), as one source of invalid response data, is somewhat prevalent due to the low-stakes nature of the majority of surveys, which often leads to statistically significantly biased estimates and invalid inferences. The current literature shows: (a) IER is commonly believed to be caused by some inner causes, (e.g., low motivation), showing as specific patterns, (e.g., random responding); (b) The most common methods to prevent IER include reducing task difficulty and increasing respondents’ motivation; (c) Current detection methods fall into three main categories, which are proactive approaches/ direct screening methods, response patterns analysis, and response time analysis. Recommendations for future research directions and practitioners are (a) deepening the investigation on IER mechanism and improving the preventing methods, (b) examining the effectiveness of IER identification methods’ applicability of cross-situation and developing new approaches, and (c) delving into the identification and treatment of partial IER.
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Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-27
Abstract： Ample statistical learning (SL) studies have shown that individuals can perform word segmentation by tracking the likelihood of syllable co-occurrences in continuous speech. The classic “exposure-test” paradigm was widely used in this field, in which participants were first exposed to an artificial language and then tested in a forced choice task to assess learning effects. Recently, research has shown that participants’ linguistic background, including their phonological and lexical experience, may result in experience-dependent SL. After a systematic review, we also discuss the direction for future SL studies. Specifically, we suggest that for studies involving Mandarin native speakers, researchers should carefully examine the separate and combined effects of various linguistic experience in order to better understand statistical word segmentation.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-10-27
Abstract： Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior (UPB) defines the unethical behaviors of the organization's employees to protect the organization's interests. UPB is difficult to be identified in the organization, but it may bring negative effects to the organization. Due to the pro-organizational and immoral nature, the research of UPB has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the origin and definition of UPB. It is also necessary to learn from the interpretation path of "unethical behavior" to theoretically summarize the progress. This progress is made in the research on the cause of UPB from the explanatory mechanisms of rational decision and intuitive judgment to form a theoretical model. On such a basis, future research directions are proposed: the study of Unethical Pro-leader Behavior (UPLB) and Unethical Pro-group Behavior (UPGB); the moderating effect of corporate ownership on UPB in China; and the impact of role stress on UPB.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2020-10-27
Abstract： In the research of psychology, education, and organizational behavior, researchers often encounter multilevel data with hierarchical structures (e.g., participants may cluster within communities, classes, or clinics). Ignoring the hierarchical structures of data may lead to a violation of the independence assumption of some models, resulting in biased parameter estimates. Therefore, researchers often need to conduct multilevel modeling to solve the statistical problems caused by non-independent observations. However, due to the limitation of objective conditions, in real studies, the sample sizes of level 1 and/or level 2 are often small in hierarchical data. Traditional frequentist-based maximum likelihood (ML) approach, which relies on large-sample theory, might lead to problems in parameter estimation and model convergence in multilevel modeling with small samples. In contrast, Bayesian approach is often more advantageous in small samples, but it is also more susceptible to the subjective specification of priors. To investigate the potentially detrimental effects of inaccurate prior information on Bayesian approaches and compare their performance to the traditional approaches, we conducted a series of simulations under the multilevel model framework with different dependent variable types (i.e., continuous normal, continuous non-normal, and binary dependent variables), sample sizes and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). In sum, the results revealed the devastating impacts of inaccurate prior information on Bayesian estimation, especially in the cases of larger ICC, smaller level 2 sample size, and smaller prior variance. When the dependent variable was non-normal or binary, these negative effects were more obvious. The present study investigated the impacts of inaccurate prior information on Bayesian estimation and provided advice on the specification of priors. We hope that it could contribute to strengthening the theoretical and practical understanding of prior specifications.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation submitted time 2020-10-27
Abstract： The ICD-9 terminology standardization task aims to standardize the colloquial terminology recorded by doctors in medical records into the standard terminology defined in the ninth version of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). In this paper, we first propose a BERT and Text Similarity Based Method (BTSBM) that combines BERT classification model with text similarity calculation algorithm: 1) use the N-gram algorithm to generate a Candidate Standard Terminology Set (CSTS) for each colloquial terminology, which is used as the training dataset and test dataset for next step; 2) use the BERT classification model to classify the correct standard terminology. In this BTSBM method, if a larger-scale CSTS is taken as the test dataset, the training dataset also needs to maintain larger-scale. However, there is only one positive sample in each CSTS. Hence, expanding the scale will cause a serious imbalance in the ratio of positive and negative samples, which will significantly degrade system performance. While if we keep the test dataset relatively small, the CSTS Accuracy (CSTSA) will degrade significantly, which results a very low system performance ceiling. In order to address above problems, we then propose an optimized terminology standardization method, called as Advanced BERT and Text Similarity Based Method (ABTSBM), which 1) uses a large-scale initial CSTS to maintain a high CSTSA to ensure a high system performance ceiling, 2) denoises CSTS based on body structure to alleviate the imbalance of positive and negative samples without reducing the CSTSA, and 3) introduces the focal loss function to further promote a balance of positive and negative samples. Experiments show that, the precision of the ABTSBM method is up to 83.5%, which is 0.6% higher than BTSBM, while the computation cost of ABTSBM is 26.7% lower than BTSBM." " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation submitted time 2020-10-27
Abstract： Recently, how to structuralize electronic medical records (EMRs) has attracted considerable attention from researchers. Extracting clinical concepts from EMRs is a critical part of EMR structuralization. The performance of clinical concept extraction will directly affect the performance of the downstream tasks related to EMR structuralization. However, the mainstream method, sequence labeling model has some shortcomings. The clinical concept extraction method based on sequence labeling does not conform to the human cognitive model of language. At the same time, the extraction results produced by this method are dif- ficult to couple with downstream tasks, which will cause error propagation and affect the performance of downstream tasks. To deal with these problems, we propose a span classification based method to improves the performance of clinical concept extraction tasks by considering the overall semantics of the token sequence instead of the semantics of each token. We call this model as span classification model. Experiments show that the span classification model achieves the best micro-average F1 score(81.22%) on the corpora of the 2012 i2b2 NLP challenges, and obtained an F1 score(89.25%) comparable to SOTA in the 2010 i2b2 NLP challenges. Furthermore, the performance of our approach is always better than the sequence labeling model such as BiLSTM-CRF model and softmax classifier " " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2020-10-26
Abstract： Microwave heating has been successfully applied in chemistry. Compared with the traditional heating reaction, the microwave heating reaction has the characteristics of high reaction rate, high yield and mild reaction conditions. The phenomenon different from the traditional heating in microwave reaction is called "microwave effect". The observed microwave effects include thermal effects, superheating or hotspots and selective heating. These phenomena are almost impossible in classical heating and the existence of non-thermal effects is still a controversial topic. The hotspot effect is a phenomenon which is often observed in microwave reaction and is significantly different from the traditional heating reaction. So, it is very important to understand and control the microwave hotspot effect in microwave effect. In this paper, we use the quantum state specified master equation model of microwave reaction proposed in 2016 to study the possible mechanism of microwave hotspots. The model includes collision energy transfer terms, microwave energy transfer terms, and chemical reaction terms. In the experiment, the temperature of the microwave hotspot is higher than the surrounding temperature, and it is often accompanied by luminescence, so we divide the hotspots model into space hotspots and intramolecular hotspots, which correspond to thermal conduction and luminous behavior, respectively. Although the appearance of microwave hotspots is random, the probability of microwave hotspots appearing in the system is higher after the temperature rises. The appearance of this non-linear phenomenon is related to the uneven distribution of temperature and microwave intensity in the macroscopic level, and directly related to the nonequilibrium behavior caused by microwave absorption in the microscopic level. In this paper, it is suggested that microwave hotspots can be induced by heating the given regions in the reaction vessel in advance, and the formation of intramolecular hotspots can also be induced by exciting the local groups in specific molecules. The results show that it is necessary to understand the physical mechanism of macroscopic nonequilibrium and nonlinear behavior from the quantum state level. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-26
Abstract： The perception of prosodic boundaries is critical to spoken language comprehension, and it has become a primary research topic among psychologists and psycholinguists in the past decade. Utterances are chunked into prosodic units of different strengths. The boundaries between prosodic units are mainly signaled by acoustic cues like pitch change, final lengthening, and pause. Previous cognitive, linguistic, developmental, and neuroimaging studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the processing of prosodic boundaries. We now know that listeners use a perceptual weighting strategy to process prosodic boundary cues, and there are specific brain mechanisms for prosodic boundary processing. The ability to processing prosodic boundaries steadily develops with age in young children and transfers to a second language, but it generally decreases with age in older adults. Future studies should expand the investigation of prosodic boundaries to more pragmatic genres and focus on revealing the cognitive mechanisms underlying prosodic boundary processing, the relationship between prosodic boundary and syntax processing, and the development of prosodic boundary perception in second language learners.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2020-10-26
Abstract： Game-based psychological assessment refers to the evaluation of a person's ability, personality and other psychological characteristics through games or gamified activities. It was primarily for the purpose of evaluating learning effects at early period and then developed into the evaluation of psychological characteristics. As a new technology, game-based assessment has advantages in terms of form, process and outcome. Currently, a paradigm based on evidence-centered design has been developed to design assessment tools and conduct empirical studies. This kind of paradigm is applied to assess individual cognitive and non-cognitive abilities. Future research may focus on task design, data mining, and application. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：为先进地基太阳望远镜(AST-G)主镜支撑系统预研，本文设计了一套基于CAN总线通信的主动光学镜面位姿调整驱动系统。首先面向一个主动支撑样机实验平台，开展了镜面运动学理论分析及位姿解算，然后采用STM32设计了一个主节点和三个子节点，实现了镜面位姿驱动系统中位移促动器的分布式控制。最后，开展了基于CAN总线的位移促动器性能测试及镜面位姿调整实验验证。结果表明，位移促动器的控制精度优于1μm RMS，镜面绕X、Y轴的转动误差优于1'' RMS，镜面Z轴方向平动误差优于1μm RMS。本文所提基于CAN总线的位姿驱动系统研究为先进地基太阳望远镜(AST-G)主镜支撑系统的研制提供了技术探索，也可为其它主动光学应用系统提供参考。
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：建立一个两镜系统用于模拟拼接镜面中各子镜面的相对位姿关系。提出采用相邻子镜边缘安装边缘传感器和设置倾斜传感器相结合的方法对子镜倾斜（tip/tilt）及轴向平移（piston）三自由度进行检测的位姿检测方法。采用理论控制矩阵和实测控制矩阵进行主动校正实验，实验表明：理论控制矩阵校正时，边缘传感器均方根误差不大于7.3nm，倾斜均方根误差不大于0.076ʺ，实测控制矩阵校正时，边缘传感器均方根误差不大于7.4nm，倾斜均方根误差不大于0.080ʺ。本文工作可为环型拼接主动光学子镜间相对位置自由度探测不足的问题提供参考解决途径。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation submitted time 2020-10-26
Abstract： Span-based joint extraction models have shown their efficiency on entity recognition and relation extraction. These models regard text spans as candidate entities and span tuples as candidate relation tuples. Span semantic representations are shared in both entity recognition and relation extraction, while existing models cannot well capture semantics of these candidate entities and relations. To address these problems, we introduce a span-based joint extraction framework with attention-based semantic representations. Specially, attentions are utilized to calculate semantic representations, including span-specific and contextual ones. We further investigate effects of four attention variants in generating contextual semantic representations. Experiments show that our model outperforms previous systems and achieves state-of-the-art results on ACE2005, CoNLL2004 and ADE.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2020-10-26 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract：利用发射到平流层的球载太阳望远镜来观测太阳磁场演化和监视太阳活动有着得天独厚的优势。首先，在平流层中，球载太阳望远镜对太阳的观测不受来自地球对流层大气中天气现象的干扰，处于无视宁度影响的环境中。这为获取高质量的太阳图像提供了优越的条件。其次，平流层的空气已经十分稀薄，对紫外线的吸收也大为减弱。球载太阳望远镜能够在近紫外波段观测太阳活动和爆发。第三，球载太阳望远镜可以通过回收、升级和再利用来降低其使用成本并提高望远镜的利用率，远比空间观测经济实惠。利用球载太阳望远镜开展对太阳的观测研究在欧美已经有半个多世纪的历史。本文简要地回顾了太阳观测的球载任务发展历史，包括在这期间积累的非常丰富的仪器研制和观测经验，详细地介绍欧洲“日出”(SUNRISE)球载任务的仪器搭载、大量的高分辨观测数据和一系列在此基础上完成的高质量的科研成果，为我国球载望远镜的研制提供重要参考。
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2020-10-26
Abstract： " How do people process and communicate spatial information with others in spatial dialogue is a widely studied issue in the domain of spatial cognition. The scholars have found that there is a common phenomenon in spatial dialogue that people who communicate with their partners in spatial dialogue will achieve alignment at different representational levels, such as spatial terms, spatial frames of reference, and viewing perspectives. The physical characteristics of the spatial scene and the collaboration between people will affect the degree of representation alignment. The physiological basis for realizing representational alignment is the consistency of the neural activities of the speakers and listeners. In the future, we can continue to explore the mechanism of representation alignment, such as the relationship between representational alignment and individual spatial preferences, and how partners’ characteristics affect the degree of this alignment.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2020-10-23
Abstract： Most languages of the world have a high proportion of morphologically complex words that are composed of two or more morphemes. When processing morphologically complex words, readers can choose to access the whole word meaning directly from the mental lexicon, or to use morphological rules to construct the word semantics. There is a general consensus that native speakers can access the whole word meaning by combing morphemes, however, despite increasing amount of second language research, the morphologically complex word processing mechanism for L2 learners is still in debate. Based on Complementary Learning Systems account and Episodic L2 Hypothesis, the processing mechanism of L2 morphologically complex words is proposed. Future research needs to explore the influences of morphological family size on the processing of L2 morphologically complex words, as well as reveal the neural mechanism underlying L2 morphologically complex words.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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