Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：随着社会进步和互联网时代的到来,新闻媒体的种类丰富多彩,呈现出多样化的特点。这既给广播等传统媒体带来了机遇,也带来了挑战。只有积极探索新的发展思路才能使广播行业更好发展,为社会做出贡献。而广播记者的角色转型对广播转型具有重要影响。新时代广播记者只有创新发展理念,顺应时代潮流,才能推动广播媒体发展。那么新媒体环境为广播工作带来了哪些方面的转变?广播记者如何应对潮流趋势,更好地带领广播媒体持续发展?本文将围绕新媒体环境下广播记者进行角色转型的原因、新媒体环境下广播记者进行角色转型的途径、新媒体环境下广播记者进行角色转型需要注意的问题等方面充分挖掘各类信息资源的价值,深度探究新媒体环境下广播记者的角色转型。
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：随着我国经济水平的不断发展,我国多媒体技术也得以不断完善和成熟。新媒体技术的应用和发展给传统信息传播形式带来了一定程度的冲击,同样带来了更加广阔的开拓空间,作为重要的信息传播形式,广播电视行业要想在新媒体语境下寻求发展出路,就必须要实现战略上的调整与转型。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Uncertainties in the external environment are constant and difficult to predict in a world filled with VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity; Bennett & Lemoine, 2014), which has caused career shocks to become an increasingly important part of current career scholarship. Akkermans et al. (2018) defined a career shock as “a disruptive and extraordinary event that is, at least to some degree, caused by factors outside the focal individual’s control and that triggers a deliberate thought process concerning one’s career” (p. 4). These authors suggested that the occurrence of a career shock can either be positively or negatively valenced (Akkermans et al., 2018); that is, positive career shocks are more likely to be associated with positive career outcomes, and negative shocks are more likely to be associated with negative outcomes. However, due to individual differences in the cognition of events or time factors, this categorization may have some shortcomings. We found that the literature includes several theoretical perspectives that have been or could be used to scaffold our understanding of the positive or negative impacts of career shocks, and a multiperspective model may provide evidence to support the reclassification of career shocks and help clarify the effects of career shocks. First, we found that the main reasons for the positive or negative effects of career shocks on employees’ behaviour can be explained in terms of different mechanisms and processes. More specifically, the transactional model of stress and coping, the job demands-resources model, and affective event theory could help elucidate how different cognitive, motivational and emotional responses to a career shock can influence the effects of such shocks on behavioural outcomes, those providing insights into the different processes by which shocks impact outcomes. Event system theory focuses on the characteristics or attributes of career shock events that make them salient and therefore likely to impact such outcomes, which could also help explain how their impacts can be extended over time as events vary in duration and timing or as event strength evolves. Second, based on the transactional model of stress and coping, the present study proposed a new classification of career shocks, namely, challenging career shocks and hindering career shocks. Third, we explored the mechanism underlying the impacts of challenging and hindering career shocks on individual behaviour based on the transactional model of stress and coping, the job demands-resources model, and affective event theory. We proposed that challenging career shocks are positively related to problem-focused coping, work engagement and positive affectivity and that hindering career shocks are positively related to emotion-focused coping, burnout and negative affectivity. Furthermore, the attributes (e.g., the strength) of events could moderate the effects of career shocks. Finally, we identify a number of avenues for future research, including developing the concept and attributes of career shock, enriching the empirical research on the new classification of career shocks, exploring additional mechanisms underlying career shocks, and examining the outcomes of career shocks. The present study contributes to the emerging career shock literature by providing a new perspective on the classification of career shocks and developing a new dedicated theoretical model to help us understand the mechanisms underlying career shocks and their effects on career processes as well as behavioural outcomes more completely. Our study also has important practical implications for helping employees make sense of and prepare for career shocks; this research can also improve the ability of career counsellors and managers to help employees better cope with career shocks by avoiding their negative impacts, which is conducive to the long-term and stable development of organizations and employees.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Incubation effect refers to the phenomenon that when people are confronted with an unsolvable problem, they temporarily put it aside and switch to complete other irrelevant tasks instead, which is beneficial to the ultimate solution of the original problem. In recent years, researchers have conducted extensive studies on incubation effect of creative thinking and its influences, and put forward many theories to explain incubation effect. The representative theories include “selective forgetting theory”, “spreading activation and cue assimilation theory” and “unconscious work theory”. They explain the mechanism of incubation effect from different perspectives and predict different influences and phenomena respectively. For example, the attention-withdrawal theory supposes that the length of incubation will not influence the incubation effect. And the forgetting-fixation theory recommended a longer break to incubate. Furthermore, some factors are mentioned in many theories, such as the length of incubation and the length of preparation period. So the empirical researches about them can be explained by these related theories. While some factors are only mentioned by a few theories. For example, the function of beneficial cues can only be explained by the opportunistic assimilation theory. However, the research field of incubation effect has begun to combine with mind wandering and sleep. Many of the results of these studies are difficult to be well explained by the above theories, but should be explained in the light of the characteristics of mind wandering and sleep. Until now, related researches of mind wandering and sleep further shed light on the mechanism behind incubation effect. For example, mind wandering increases unconscious associate processing to serve creative problem-solving. Sleep, as a special long period of incubation, may promote problem solving through various mechanisms such as the reconstruction of memory representation and the reactivation of memory. But there is also conflicting evidence as to whether mind wandering and sleep promote the incubation effect. There are many studies that have failed to prove the effect of mind wandering and sleep on creative problem solving. The psychological processes underlying the incubation effect includes at least two cognitive components: the transformation of problem representation and the formation of remote associations. Different brain mechanisms are responsible for these two basic components. During the incubation period, memory systems are regulated by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to break the fixation caused by false assumptions. The cooperation of right frontal lobe, temporal lobe and parietal lobe was beneficial to assimilation of beneficial cues. The striatum-hippocampus-prefrontal lobe network continued to catalyze the reconstruction of representations during incubation period. Mind wandering promotes insight through the interaction of the medial temporal lobe, default network and executive network. The research on sleep can reflect the mechanism of long-term incubation in real life, and future research can further investigate the role of different sleep stages and their corresponding brain mechanisms. Future research needs to improve the ecological validity of relevant studies, promote the development of incubation theories, improve reproducibility, explore the positive factors that promote the incubation effect, and pay attention to the relationship between the incubation effect and emotion or other non-cognitive factors.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： An important issue in early socialization and human development is how parents exert control in parent-child interaction and how children comply with parental direction. Moreover, it is commonly believed that maternal control strategies may be affected by social-cultural contexts and their changes. Due to the dramatic social change in urban China over the past decades, for example, compared with their counterparts in the 1990s, contemporary parents may use less coercive or power-assertive control strategies to encourage child autonomy. As a result, there may exist differences between urban parents and migrant parents with a rural background in their control behaviors. Nevertheless, little is known about migrant parents’ control strategies and their relations with children’s compliance behaviors. Thus, the primary purpose of the present study was to examine the control strategies used by urban and migrant mothers and their relations with children’s compliance. We were also interested in gender effects given that urban mothers might be more likely than migrant mothers to emphasize gender equality in childrearing. The participants in the study included 122 mother-child dyads (46 from migrant families). Mother-child interactions and maternal and child behaviors in a clean-up sessions in the laboratory were videotaped. Maternal control strategies (gentle control, direct control, forceful control) and children’s compliance behaviors (committed compliance, situational compliance, noncompliance) were coded. Repeated measure, MANOVA, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted. The results first showed that both urban and rural-to-urban migrant mothers used more direct control strategies than other strategies. Migrant mothers used more forceful control and less gentle control than urban mothers. The results also showed that maternal control strategies were significantly correlated to children’s situational compliance in the two groups. Specifically, migrant mothers’ gentle control and direct control strategies were positively related to children’s situational compliance, and urban mothers’ gentle control and forceful control were positively related to children’s situational compliance. Finally, family type and gender had moderating effects on the relations between maternal forceful control strategies and children’s compliance behaviors. Simple slope analysis showed that migrant mothers’ forceful control was positively associated with committed compliance in boys and negatively associated with committed compliance in girls. Migrant mothers’ forceful control was also negatively associated with noncompliance in boys. The relations between urban mothers’ forceful control and their children’s compliance behaviors were not moderated by child gender. These results suggest that social, economic, and cultural background factors may play a significant role in shaping parental control strategies and their functions in child development. Parenting practices interventions should take into account the economic and cultural features of the group the parents belong to, and also the children’s characteristics (e.g., gender).
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Uncertainties in the external environment are constant and difficult to predict in a world filled with VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, ambiguity; Bennett & Lemoine, 2014), which has caused career shocks to become an increasingly important part of current career scholarship. Akkermans et al. (2018) defined a career shock as “a disruptive and extraordinary event that is, at least to some degree, caused by factors outside the focal individual’s control and that triggers a deliberate thought process concerning one’s career” (p. 4). These authors suggested that the occurrence of a career shock can either be positively or negatively valenced (Akkermans et al., 2018); that is, positive career shocks are more likely to be associated with positive career outcomes, and negative shocks are more likely to be associated with negative outcomes. However, due to individual differences in the cognition of events or time factors, this categorization may have some shortcomings. We found that the literature includes several theoretical perspectives that have been or could be used to scaffold our understanding of the positive or negative impacts of career shocks, and a multiperspective model may provide evidence to support the reclassification of career shocks and help clarify the effects of career shocks. First, we found that the main reasons for the positive or negative effects of career shocks on employees’ behaviour can be explained in terms of different mechanisms and processes. More specifically, the transactional model of stress and coping, the job demands-resources model, and affective event theory could help elucidate how different cognitive, motivational and emotional responses to a career shock can influence the effects of such shocks on behavioural outcomes, those providing insights into the different processes by which shocks impact outcomes. Event system theory focuses on the characteristics or attributes of career shock events that make them salient and therefore likely to impact such outcomes, which could also help explain how their impacts can be extended over time as events vary in duration and timing or as event strength evolves. Second, based on the transactional model of stress and coping, the present study proposed a new classification of career shocks, namely, challenging career shocks and hindering career shocks. Third, we explored the mechanism underlying the impacts of challenging and hindering career shocks on individual behaviour based on the transactional model of stress and coping, the job demands-resources model, and affective event theory. We proposed that challenging career shocks are positively related to problem-focused coping, work engagement and positive affectivity and that hindering career shocks are positively related to emotion-focused coping, burnout and negative affectivity. Furthermore, the attributes (e.g., the strength) of events could moderate the effects of career shocks. Finally, we identify a number of avenues for future research, including developing the concept and attributes of career shock, enriching the empirical research on the new classification of career shocks, exploring additional mechanisms underlying career shocks, and examining the outcomes of career shocks. The present study contributes to the emerging career shock literature by providing a new perspective on the classification of career shocks and developing a new dedicated theoretical model to help us understand the mechanisms underlying career shocks and their effects on career processes as well as behavioural outcomes more completely. Our study also has important practical implications for helping employees make sense of and prepare for career shocks; this research can also improve the ability of career counsellors and managers to help employees better cope with career shocks by avoiding their negative impacts, which is conducive to the long-term and stable development of organizations and employees.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract： Carbon microspheres (CMSs) were surface modified by the acid oxidation method and then grafted with aniline (An) by chemical synthesis to prepare compound CMSs-An. The CMSs-An/PET composite materials were prepared by melt blending CMSs- An and polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET). The morphology, dispersiveness, thermal stability, flame retardant property and mechanical property of CMSs-An/PET materials were characterized by SEM, IR spectra, TG, oxygen index tester and vertical burning apparatus. The results show that, the aniline modified CMSs have better dispersiveness than that of the original CMSs in the PET matrix, and the tensile strength of CMSs-An/PET is 20.8% higher than that of CMSs/PET; in comparison with the pure PET, the CMSs-An/PET composite exhibits better performance: its thermal stability increased, limiting oxygen index increased by 7.5 and reached to 29.2, and vertical burning grades increased from V-2 level to V-0 level according to the national standards.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-12-23
Abstract：
Most previous studies agree that career shocks can be either positively (receiving an unexpected award) or negatively (unexpectedly losing one’s job) valenced. However, due to individual differences in the cognition of events or time factors, this categorization may have some shortcomings. Based on the transactional model of stress and coping, the present study proposes a new classification of career shocks, namely, challenging and hindering career shocks, and further explores the mechanism underlying the impacts of career shocks on individual behaviour based on the transactional model of stress and coping, the job demands-resources model, affective event theory, and event system theory; finally, the paper clarifies when and why career shocks have positive or negative impacts on employees.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验利用禽用开放式呼吸测热装置进行能量代谢试验，通过间接测热法结合替代法测定生长期肉鸡不同豆粕净能值。采用近似拉丁方试验设计，试验共分6期，每期均选用同一孵化场的1日龄罗斯308雄性肉鸡60只，随机分为6个组，每组10只鸡。基础饲粮组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮，试验饲粮组分别饲喂5种豆粕（3种带皮豆粕、2种去皮豆粕）按25%比例替代基础饲粮组成的试验饲粮。每期31 d，1~20日龄鸡舍内饲养，21日龄称重后从每组中选择2只健康、接近平均体重的试验鸡，分别放入呼吸测热装置的代谢室内9 d，测定气体交换和排泄物总量，其中适应3 d，呼吸测热3 d，绝食测热3 d，呼吸测热的同时进行消化代谢试验。结果表明：与基础饲粮组相比，试验饲粮组的表观代谢能、代谢能摄入量、沉积能和净能显著降低（P<0.05）。本试验得出，3种带皮豆粕对生长期肉鸡的表观代谢能值分别为9.39、9.70、9.71 MJ/kg，2种去皮豆粕分别为10.35、10.47 MJ/kg。3种带皮豆粕对生长期肉鸡的净能值分别为5.71、5.84、5.50 MJ/kg，2种去皮豆粕分别为6.04、6.31 MJ/kg。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-05-24 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： At present, most of the researches on the similarity of natural language texts are aimed at some major languages such as English. In order to detect similarities between Uighur texts, this paper proposed a similarity detection method based on N-gram and semantic analysis. Firstly, it used N-gram statistical model to obtain the words based on Uyghur word features, and constructed the word-text relation matrix according to the appearance frequency of the words in the text. Then, it adopted a latent semantic analysis (LSA) to obtain the hidden association between the words and their texts, so as to solve the problem of vague semantic meaning in Uyghur language and obtain exact similarity. Experiments on plagiarized text sets containing reorganization and synonym replacement show that this method can detect the similarity accurately and effectively.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-23 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同来源木聚糖酶及其组合对木聚糖的水解效果，并研究不同木聚糖水解产物对细菌增殖及大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞黏附性的影响。试验用木聚糖酶A和木聚糖酶B分别来源于毕赤酵母和米曲霉。采用木聚糖酶A、木聚糖酶B、组合酶1（木聚糖酶A：木聚糖酶B=3：7）、组合酶2（木聚糖酶A：木聚糖酶B=1：1）、组合酶3（木聚糖酶A：木聚糖酶B=7：3）分别水解木聚糖，然后测定木聚糖水解产物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌增殖和大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞黏附性的影响。结果表明：1）2种木聚糖酶有一定的组合效应，木聚糖酶A、木聚糖酶B、组合酶1、组合酶2、组合酶3组木二糖和木三糖的总含量分别为95.70%、86.79%、93.11%、94.55%和87.55%，其中木聚糖酶A组木二糖含量最高，组合酶2组木三糖含量最高。2）培养20 h时，5种木聚糖水解产物对大肠杆菌的增殖（以菌液吸光度值表示）没有产生显著影响（P>0.05）；培养20和30 h时，5种木聚糖水解产物显著促进枯草芽孢杆菌的增殖（P<0.05）；培养13和17 h时，5种木聚糖水解产物显著促进乳酸杆菌的增殖（P<0.05）。3）5种木聚糖水解产物均可以显著降低大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞的黏附率（P<0.05）。由此可见，通过不同来源木聚糖酶及其组合水解木聚糖，可以产生以木二糖和木三糖为主要组分的水解产物，从而起到促进枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌增殖、减少大肠杆菌对肠道上皮细胞黏附的作用。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-11 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验研究了放牧和舍饲育肥对阿尔巴斯白绒山羊成年羊和断奶羔羊血液和肌肉组织（背最长肌、臂三头肌、股二头肌和臀肌）中氨基酸组成的影响。采用2×2因子试验设计，选择体重、体型外貌接近、健康无病的4月龄阿尔巴斯白绒山羊断奶羔羊[（20.36±0.32） kg]60只和5岁成年羊[（40.38±0.84） kg]60只，分为4组，每组30只。因素1为育肥方式，放牧育肥和舍饲育肥(采食全混合日粮）2种，分别记为PF和SF；因素2为年龄，成年羊和羔羊2个阶段，分别记为AG与KG。成年羊和羔羊分别进行60和90 d的育肥。结果表明：PF组血浆非必需氨基酸(NEAA)和呈味氨基酸(DAA)浓度显著低于SF组（P<0.05），必需氨基酸(EAA)、功能性氨基酸(FAA)和限制性氨基酸(LAA)浓度显著高于SF组（P<0.05）。KG组血浆NEAA、FAA和DAA浓度显著高于AG组（P<0.05），而EAA、支链氨基酸（BCAA）和LAA浓度均显著低于AG组（P<0.05）。总体上，PF组肌肉粗蛋白质（CP）、EAA、NEAA、总氨基酸（TAA）、BCAA、FAA和DAA含量低于SF组。KG组肌肉CP、EAA、NEAA、TAA、BCAA、LAA、FAA和DAA含量高于AG组。由此可见，舍饲育肥绒山羊肌肉氨基酸组成优于放牧育肥，断奶羔羊肌肉的氨基酸组成优于成年羊。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验研究了呼伦贝尔羊（HL）和呼伦贝尔羊与杜泊羊杂交1代（HZ）羔羊在自然放牧（NG）与放牧补饲（GS）2种不同育肥方式下，其血浆和肌肉组织（背最长肌、臂三头肌、股二头肌）中氨基酸（AA）组成的变化。采用2×2完全随机试验设计，选择体重、体况接近的健康4月龄断奶HL和HZ公羔各60只。因素1为育肥方式，分为NG与GS；因素2为品种，分为HL与HZ。共分为4组，每组30只。进行为期60 d的育肥。结果表明：1)NG组血浆中必需氨基酸(EAA)、限制性氨基酸(LAA)、功能性氨基酸（FAA）和总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著低于GS组（P<0.05），呈味氨基酸(DAA)含量有低于GS组趋势（0.05≤P<0.10）。2)与GS组相比，NG组背最长肌中粗蛋白质（CP）、LAA含量显著升高（P<0.05）。3)与GS组相比，NG组臂三头肌中LAA和DAA含量显著降低（P<0.05），EAA含量均有降低的趋势（0.05≤P<0.10）。4)NG组股二头肌中CP、EAA、NEAA、TAA、LAA、BCAA、DAA含量显著低于GS组（P<0.05）。5)与HL组相比，HZ组血浆EAA，背最长肌LAA，臂三头肌BCAA和股二头肌EAA含量显著或有显著趋势升高（P<0.10）。由此可见，放牧补饲组羔羊肉蛋白质营养价值优于自然放牧组，呼杜杂1代羔羊肉蛋白质营养价值优于呼伦贝尔羔羊。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2017-10-10 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：脂肪与肥胖相关（fat mass and obesity associated，FTO）基因是一种与普通肥胖相关的等位基因，该基因导致的肥胖是21世纪世界各国面临的最大公共卫生挑战之一。FTO基因与机体的普通肥胖有着密切的关系，而且与脂肪沉积和脂肪代谢相关激素及基因的表达有关。本文综述了FTO基因在脂肪细胞分化和脂肪代谢中的作用，揭示了FTO基因对脂肪沉积的影响，为深入研究动物脂肪代谢的机制提供理论基础。
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