Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2023-07-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Polypharmacy is increasingly common in the elderly. The medication compliance of polypharmacy is closely related to its therapeutic effect and safety. Therefore，it is of great significance to understand the medication compliance and its influencing factors in the elderly with polypharmacy at early stage. However，the conclusions of current studies vary greatly，and there is no clear and unified standard. Objective To systematically evaluate the current status of polypharmacy in the elderly and its influencing factors，in order to provide reference for improving medication compliance of polypharmacy in the elderly，reducing adverse reactions，and further developing individualized intervention programs. Methods PubMed，EMBase，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，Scopus，Ovid，CBM，CNKI，Wanfang Data and VIP were searched for cohort studies，case-control studies，cross-sectional studies and other observational studies on the influencing factors of medication compliance of polypharmacy in the elderly from inception to July 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature，evaluated the quality and extracted the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Stata 17.0 and RevMan 5.3 software were used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 19 studies were included with the total sample size of 130 047 subjects，including 50 852 subjects with good medication compliance. Meta-analysis results showed that the medication compliance rate of polypharmacy in the elderly was 41%〔95%CI（0.34，0.47）〕，which was associated with age〔OR=2.62，95%CI（1.60，4.78），P<0.000 1〕，gender〔OR=1.70，95%CI（1.30，2.23），P=0.000 1〕，education level〔OR=1.73，95%CI（1.38，2.16），P<0.0000 1〕，residential lifestyle〔OR=2.85，95%CI（2.18，3.72），P<0.000 01〕，medication knowledge level〔OR=1.14，95%CI（1.04，1.25），P=0.005〕，medication belief〔OR=2.06，95%CI（1.44，2.93），P<0.000 1〕，depression〔OR=2.52，95%CI（1.96，3.24），P<0.000 01〕，daily living ability（ADL）〔OR=2.39，95%CI（1.68，3.38），P<0.000 01〕，history of falls〔OR=3.51，95%CI（2.03，6.06），P<0.000 01〕，professional guidance 〔OR=3.75，95%CI（1.92，7.33），P=0.000 1〕，the number of drug types〔OR=2.58，95%CI（1.96，3.41），P<0.000 1〕，adverse drug reactions〔OR=3.08，95%CI（2.17，4.38），P<0.000 1〕，medication regimen complexity 〔OR=1.08，95%CI（1.03，1.14），P=0.004〕，medication management〔OR=1.92，95%CI（1.34，2.75），P=0.0003〕 and medication cost〔OR=2.60，95%CI（1.30，5.17），P=0.000 7〕. Sensitivity analysis showed that the results of meta#2;analysis were relatively stable. Begg's test（P=0.441） and Egger's test （P=0.674） suggested that there was a low risk of publication bias for medication compliance of polypharmacy in the elderly in the included studies. Conclusion The compliance rate of polypharmacy in the elderly is 41%. And the available evidence shows that general factors（age，gender，education level，residential lifestyle），psychological and social factors（depression，ADL，history of falls，medication knowledge level，medication belief，professional guidance），drug factors（medication management，medication cost，medication regimen complexity，the number of drug types，adverse drug reactions） are the influencing factors of medication compliance of polypharmacy in the elderly. Medical staff should formulate individualized intervention measures and optimize disease management in the elderly with polypharmacy according to the influencing factors of medication compliance of polypharmacy.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-06-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Learning and memory impairment is a common dysfunction after stroke，which seriously affects the overall recovery of patients. Electroacupuncture at Shenting and Baihui has definite efficacy in patients with cognitive dysfunction after stroke，but its mechanism of action remains uncertain. Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture on hippocampal neuronal protection and brain-derived nerve growth factor（BDNF）/tyrosine receptor kinase B（TrkB）/phosphatidylinositol-3-hydroxykinase（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt）signaling pathway in rats with learning and memory impairment after middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion（MCAO/R）. Methods A total of 60 8-week-old healthy male SD rats were selected from May 2021 to March 2022，and 24 rats were divided into the blank group（n=12）and sham operation group（n=12），and the other 36 rats were constructed as MCAO/R model. The 24 rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into the model group（n=12）and electroacupuncture group（n=12）. The electroacupuncture treatment was performed at Shenting and Baihui points in the electroacupuncture group. Zea-Longa score was used to observe the degree of neurological impairment in each group. Spatial probe test was used to evaluate the spatial learning and memory ability of the rats. TTC staining was used to observe the volume of brain infarction in rats. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polynucleotide chain reaction（RT-PCR）was used to measure the mRNA levels of BDNF，TrkB，PI3K and Akt，Western Blot was used to detect the protein levels of BDNF and TrkB and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt. Results Zea-Longa score of the model group and electroacupuncture group was significantly different from the blank group and sham operation group at 2 h after surgery（P<0.05），and Zea-Longa score of the model group was significantly different from the blank group，sham operation group and electroacupuncture group at 7 and 14 days after treatment（P<0.05）. During the 9th to 13th day of treatment，the escape latency in the model group was higher than the sham operation group（P<0.05），and lower in the electroacupuncture group than the model group（P<0.05）. The frequency of crossing the effective region of the platform in the model group was lower than the blank group and sham operation group（P<0.05），and higher in the electroacupuncture group than the model group（P<0.05）. The volume of cerebral infarction in blank group，sham operation group，model group and electroacupuncture group was 0，0，（36.7±6.3）% and（24.0±2.2）%，respectively，and the volume of cerebral infarction in the electroacupuncture group was lower than the model group（P<0.05）. The mRNA levels of BDNF，TrkB，PI3K and Akt in the model group were lower than the blank group and sham operation group（P<0.05），and higher in the electroacupuncture group than the model group（P<0.05）. Compared with sham operation group，the protein levels of BDNF and TrkB（P<0.01；P<0.001），the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt（P<0.01；P<0.05） in model group were decreased；compared with the model group，the protein levels of BDNF and TrkB and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and Akt in electroacupuncture group were increased（P<0.05）. ConclusionElectroacupuncture may reduce the symptom of neurological function deficits and improve the learning and memory ability of rats after cerebral ischemia reperfusion by upregulating the expression of BDNF/TrkB/PI3K/Akt pathway related proteins.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-07-05 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Reproductive organs are of great significance in taxonomic studies of bamboo plants. In this paper, Latin and Chinese descriptions are provided for inflorescence characters of bamboo species Bonia amplexicaulis distributed in Mashan County, Guangxi. By comparing the floral characteristics of the reproductive organ structure of Bonia species B. saxatilis, B. parvifloscula and B. amplexicaulis, the three species have the same reproductive organ structure characteristics, and there are differences in the number and size of florets. The comparison of reproductive organs shows that the reproductive organs of Bonia species have special adaptability to karst geomorphic environment, supports that they are independent species.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-07-05 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract：[目的/意义] 智库是国家的“大脑”，是辅助政府决策的“军师团”，在国家的长远发展中扮演着重要的角色。社会改革深水期，政府面临的决策情境日益复杂多变，这对智库研究提出新的要求，为此需要引导智库研究成果质量不断提升。[方法/过程] 本文主要采用文献研究法和实证研究法，提出政府决策情境的变化和对智库研究的需求，阐述为满足这些需求智库研究应该把握时机、转变身份、转型风格。现实中，临机决策与智库滞后的矛盾，有效信息渴求与无效信息供给的矛盾，选好站位与“矮化错位”的矛盾，实战决策与“纸上谈兵”的矛盾大大限制了智库功能的发挥。[结果/结论]要从端正智库成果研究态度、提拔智库成果站位高度，紧盯智库成果选题热度、提高智库成果报送速度，拓宽智库成果涉及广度、注重智库成果思想深度，确保情报信息的可信度、夯实智库成果内容精度等方面提升智库研究成果质量。
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2018-06-09 Cooperative journals: 《生态学报》
Abstract：研究土壤固碳微生物丰度、群落结构、多样性差异及其影响因子对了解青藏高原土壤碳循环和固碳潜力具有重要意义。采用定量PCR（qPCR）、末端限制性片段分析（T-RFLP）、克隆文库和测序方法，研究了青藏高原草甸土壤固碳微生物丰度与群落结构随海拔和季节的变化，主要结果如下：1）随海拔升高高寒草甸土壤固碳微生物丰度显著升高，但季节变化不明显，不同类别微生物固碳基因cbbL丰度依次为：Form IC > Form IAB > Form ID，其中Form IC类固碳微生物可达108拷贝数/g土壤，cbbL基因丰度与海拔、土壤含水量和铵态氮含量（NH4+-N）呈正相关关系，与土壤温度和pH值负相关；2）固碳微生物多样性和丰富度随海拔升高而升高，在4800m达到最大，且二者受季节影响较小，其群落结构随海拔升高而逐渐变化，主要受土壤pH值、海拔和土壤水分影响；3） Form IC类固碳微生物主要包括放线菌门和和变形菌门，其中α变形菌门是高寒草甸土壤优势固碳微生物类群。本研究有助于理解土壤微生物群落功能及其在土壤碳循环过程中的作用，为更准确评估高寒草甸土壤碳循环过程提供了科学依据。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on hypoxia-induced phenotype modulation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and explore the underlying mechanism. Method Cultured PASMCs from SD rats were exposed to normoxic condition, normoxia with ulinastatin treatment, hypoxia, or hypoxia with ulinastatin treatment. After 24 h of exposures, the cells were examined for SM-α-actin and caplonin expressions with immunofluorescence assay and for cell migration with CCK-8 and 3H-TdR assays. Western blotting was used for detecting the expressions of PPAR-γ in the cells, and PPAR-γ-responsive firefly luciferase reporter was employed for measuring the transcriptional activity of PPAR-γ. The PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662 was used to explore the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of ulinastatin on hypoxia induced-phenotype modulation of PASMCs by measuring the changes in cell proliferation and migration. Results Ulinastatin obviously enhanced the expressions of SM-α-actin and calponin (P<0.05), inhibited the proliferation and migration (P<0.05), and up-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ in PASMCs exposed to hypoxia (P<0.05). Pretreatment of the cells with GW9662 abolished the effect of ulinastatin on hypoxia-induced phenotype modulation of PASMCs and enhanced the cell proliferation and migration (P<0.05). Conclusion Ulinastatin inhibits hypoxia-induced phenotype modulation of PASMCs from rats possibly by up-regulating the expressionofPPAR-γ.
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