Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology submitted time 2024-04-11
Abstract： Font emphasis has been demonstrated to attract attention and to facilitate language processing at all levels in young adults, and it may also help the elderly reduce the negative effects of declining working memory and visual ability. While there are considerable discrepancies in emotional information processing between the elderly and younger adults and the previous findings have been almost focused on neutral sentences, the present study aimed to examine the effects of font emphasis on emotional information processing and its aging changes. In the study, the author designed a sentence reading task in which sentences were embedded with keywords. The experimental sentences consist of 8-13 words, and the keywords which the emphasis status was controlled were all two-word verbs. In the emphasized condition, the keywords were presented in red font, and the other words in the sentence were presented in black font. In the control condition, all words of the sentence were presented in black font. In addition, the emotionality of the keywords was manipulated to be negative, positive, and neutral. We recruited 24 older adults (60-68 years old) and an equal number of younger adults (18-29 years old) to record prefrontal cortex activation while they read. In the experiment, sentences were presented word by word using a fixed-step paradigm. And the hemodynamic responses of the participants’ prefrontal cortex were recorded by using the LIGHTNIRS. Both HbO and HbR data were analyzed. The data were processed by using the NIRS_KIT software, and task-related β-values were calculated for the different conditions using general linear model. To obtain a clearer picture of the extent to which brain activation is enhanced during emotional processing, the β-values in the emotional condition were subtracted from those in the neutral condition. The HbR results showed that there was a significant interaction among age, emotion and font status in channels 8 and 16 (located at the right ventrolateral prefrontal lobe; rVLPFC). Further analyses revealed that in the control condition, compared to young adults, older adults showed a trend toward lower activation on the rVLPFC when reading positive words and higher activation when reading negative words. In the emphasized condition, the activation differences between older and younger adults disappeared. By observing the data, it can be found that when reading positive words, font emphasis leads to an upward trend in the activation of this brain region in older people and a decrease in activation in younger people; when reading negative words, font emphasis leads to a decrease in activation intensity in older people and an increase in activation intensity in younger people. These findings provide evidence that font emphasis, dependent on rVLPFC, captures attention in a bottom-up manner during emotional information processing, enhances readers’ appraisal and integration of emotional information, and facilitates controlled processing of emotional information. Furthermore, font emphasis has a different mechanism for older versus younger adults. Font emphasis produces positive affective effects in older adults, but stimulates negative affective preferences in younger adults.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-09-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background The disease burden of non-communicable diseases （NCDs） among residents in China is relatively severe，which had become an important influencing factor in limiting the increase of healthy life expectancy of the population. Objective To identify the premature mortality of four major NCDs （cancer，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases） and the achievement of "Health China 2030" goal in Baise from 2015 to 2021，so as to provide reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for NCDs in western poverty-stricken regions. Methods The mortality data registered in the cause of death surveillance system of the Baise Center for Disease Prevention and Control from 2015-2021 was collected，indicators such as mortality and the probability of premature mortality were calculated，Joinpoint 24.0 software was used to describe the trend of change in terms of average annual percentage change （AAPC） and rate. Results The crude mortality of the four major NCDs was 549.06/100 000 （AAPC=0.13%） and the age#2;standardized mortality was 302.92/100 000 （AAPC=-5.66%） from 2015-2021，with no significant change in any of them （P>0.05）. The age-standardized mortality in women showed a significant decrease（AAPC=-1.66%，P=0.046）. There was an increasing trend in the crude mortality for cardiovascular disease in the total population，males，and females （AAPC=2.74%，P=0.004；AAPC=2.43%，P=0.013；AAPC=3.17%，P=0.011），and a decreasing trend in the standardized mortality rate for chronic respiratory diseases in men and women （AAPC=-8.66%，P=0.023；AAPC=-8.17%，P=0.027）. The probability of premature mortality of the four major NCDs was 15.77%，26.03% and 10.42% for the total population，men and women，with a decreasing trend from chronic respiratory diseases （AAPC=-6.89%，P=0.012；AAPC=-7.18，P=0.007；AAPC=-6.94%，P=0.020）. The probability of premature mortality from four NCDs in men was about 2.5 times higher than that in women. According to the average growth rate of the probability of premature mortality of the 4 NCDs in Baise City from 2015-2021，the probability of premature mortality of the four major NCDs is projected to be 14.62% in 2030，while the goal of the probability of premature mortality is 13.69%，only the goal of the women，cancer and chronic respiratory diseases is higher than the projected. To achieve the 2030 target, the average rate of decline in the probability of premature death for the four chronic diseases from 2021 to 2030 will need to be increased to 2.63%，with the average rate of decline for men increasing to 2.70%. The probability of early death of diabetes should be paid attention to，its predicted value is lower than the target value and the gap is large，and the decline rate should be increased to 6.76%. Conclusion Crude mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases showed an increasing trend，whereas the mortality and the probability of premature mortality from chronic respiratory diseases showed an obvious decrease. Based on the current average growth rate，it is predicted that Baise City is still far from realizing the target value of "Healthy China 2030"，men should be the primary focus group，and the main intervention diseases should be diabetes，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，so that the average growth rate from 2021 to 2030 can reach -2.63%，to achieve the goal of "Healthy China 2030".
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-09-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background The disease burden of non-communicable diseases （NCDs） among residents in China is relatively severe，which had become an important influencing factor in limiting the increase of healthy life expectancy of the population. Objective To identify the premature mortality of four major NCDs （cancer，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases） and the achievement of "Health China 2030" goal in Baise from 2015 to 2021，so as to provide reference for the development of prevention and control strategies for NCDs in western poverty-stricken regions. Methods The mortality data registered in the cause of death surveillance system of the Baise Center for Disease Prevention and Control from 2015-2021 was collected，indicators such as mortality and the probability of premature mortality were calculated，Joinpoint 24.0 software was used to describe the trend of change in terms of average annual percentage change （AAPC） and rate. Results The crude mortality of the four major NCDs was 549.06/100 000（AAPC=0.13%） and the age#2;standardized mortality was 302.92/100 000 （AAPC=-5.66%） from 2015-2021，with no significant change in any of them （P>0.05）. The age-standardized mortality in women showed a significant decrease（AAPC=-1.66%，P=0.046）. There was an increasing trend in the crude mortality for cardiovascular disease in the total population，males，and females （AAPC=2.74%，P=0.004；AAPC=2.43%，P=0.013；AAPC=3.17%，P=0.011），and a decreasing trend in the standardized mortality rate for chronic respiratory diseases in men and women （AAPC=-8.66%，P=0.023；AAPC=-8.17%，P=0.027）. The probability of premature mortality of the four major NCDs was 15.77%，26.03% and 10.42% for the total population，men and women，with a decreasing trend from chronic respiratory diseases （AAPC=-6.89%，P=0.012；AAPC=-7.18，P=0.007；AAPC=-6.94%，P=0.020）. The probability of premature mortality from four NCDs in men was about 2.5 times higher than that in women. According to the average growth rate of the probability of premature mortality of the 4 NCDs in Baise City from 2015-2021，the probability of premature mortality of the four major NCDs is projected to be 14.62% in 2030，while the goal of the probability of premature mortality is 13.69%，only the goal of the women，cancer and chronic respiratory diseases is higher than the projected. To achieve the 2030 target, the average rate of decline in the probability of premature death for the four chronic diseases from 2021 to 2030 will need to be increased to 2.63%，with the average rate of decline for men increasing to 2.70%. The probability of early death of diabetes should be paid attention to，its predicted value is lower than the target value and the gap is large，and the decline rate should be increased to 6.76%. Conclusion Crude mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases showed an increasing trend，whereas the mortality and the probability of premature mortality from chronic respiratory diseases showed an obvious decrease. Based on the current average growth rate，it is predicted that Baise City is still far from realizing the target value of "Healthy China 2030"，men should be the primary focus group，and the main intervention diseases should be diabetes，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases，so that the average growth rate from 2021 to 2030 can reach -2.63%，to achieve the goal of "Healthy China 2030".
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-11-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：腐殖质组成是表征土壤化学性质的主要指标之一，在某种程度对评价风沙土的发育过程具有意义。采集了不同气候区沙地沙漠苔藓生物结皮层样品，采用重铬酸钾容量法和光密度法测定了苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量和胡敏酸吸光特性。结果表明：随着干燥指数的增加，苔藓结皮层有机质含量由14.93 g·kg-1降低到9.89 g·kg-1，腐殖酸总量由5.1 g·kg-1降低到2.0 g·kg-1，胡敏酸含量由2.9 g·kg-1降低到 0.7 g·kg-1，富里酸含量由2.2 g·kg-1降低到1.3 g·kg-1，胡敏酸与富里酸比值（HA/FA）由1.32降低到0.54，E4/E6比值则由4.28增加到5.83。苔藓结皮层腐殖质组成含量及胡敏酸吸光特性具有地带性变化趋势，并影响着生物结皮层及流动风沙土的发育演变过程。
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