Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, this study tries to uncover and reveal the cross-level mechanisms of servant leadership’s effects on thriving at work for individuals and teams, the boundary conditions and the reciprocal effects between servant leadership and subordinates. This study adopts a longitudinal design and reciprocal design and includes research methods such as literature analysis and longitudinal survey study. This study therefore aims to deepen the understandings of the mechanism of servant leadership, contribute to the understandings of the dynamic nature of leadership, expand the study of the antecedents of thriving at work, and provide guidance for various organizations to improve leadership styles, contribute to leadership effectiveness and boost employees’ thriving at work. We also expect that due to this study, talents selection and training in all kinds of organizations and the overall development of people can be benefited, the positive relationship between leaders and subordinates can be established, and organizational culture and the long-term development of the organizations can be improved.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Longitudinal research could systematically capture the change of the target variable and thus is more convincing than cross-sectional research. It is popular in the fields of social sciences such as psychology, management, statistics, sociology, etc. The present study reviews the methodology study and model development for analyzing longitudinal data in China’s mainland. We aim to retrospect the methods used, the main research questions, and the popular research domains in longitudinal models. The target publications ranged from 1st Jan. 2001 to 31st Dec. 2020 in CNKI core collections in the relative domains, and finally, 75 articles met our selecting criterion. Results also indicated that the research topic widely includes latent growth model, multilevel modeling, autoregression, cross-lagged model, missing data, etc. Among these research topics, latent growth model ranked as the first. Typically, the latent growth model and experience sampling method were favored in the field of psychology. There are mainly four research questions retrieved from the publications. The first research question is to compare the mean difference, which is less popular. The second research question is to examine the reciprocal relationship between variables. It often uses the cross-lag model and the causal model to reveal the autoregressive and cross-lagged relationships within and between variables. The third research question is to depict growth trajectory with individual differences. It uses the latent growth model (LGM) and multilevel model (MLM) as the main methods to show a growth trajectory from the between-person perspective, as well as the individual difference included. The last one is to explore the dynamic changes. This research question does not focus on the general tendency of change but on the fluctuation between different time points. It usually uses autoregression with its extensions, MLM, time-varying effect model, and some newly developed models such as the dynamic structural equation model. The recent 20 years' publication broadens the domains of longitudinal models, such as the extension of the shape and pattern of growth, the combination of latent class analysis leading to growth mixture model and latent transition analysis. The causal effect, longitudinal mediation and moderation models are also introduced to reveal the relationship between variables. Meanwhile, models depicting growth trajectory with individual differences combines with models examining reciprocal relationships, thus they were extended and integrated to random intercept cross-lagged model, latent variable autoregressive latent trajectory, as well as general cross lagged model. Furthermore, research design becomes more complex; the intensive longitudinal data was introduced and thus the models were according developed, such as MLM, time-varying effect model, dynamic structural equation model, group iterative multiple model estimation, and so forth. Particularly, missing data issue is also hot discussed in the field. To summarize, methodology study for analyzing longitudinal data in China’s mainland has made fruitful development on the above topics and are in an advanced position all over the world. However, when comparing to the international scope, publications in China’s mainland are limited in narrow range. Many topics need to keep up with the international pace, which is a direction that Chinese scholars need to make efforts. Another future direction is to learn from other disciplines to promote the development of interdisciplinary.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 自我监控是与人际互动密切相关的人格特质。在群体建立和发展的过程中, 自我监控不仅影响个体的人际交往质量, 同时也作用于群体内部的互动; 并且, 自我监控的作用可能随着群体的发展而发生动态变化。为探究上述设想, 本研究针对32个大学新生寝室进行了一学期的跟踪调查。结果表明, 在个体层面, 个体自我监控水平促进群体成员对该个体的积极情感, 并进而间接促进其在群体中的地位获取(个体地位和友谊网络中心度); 在群体层面, 群体自我监控水平促进群体成员间的凝聚力, 并进而间接促进群体在合作中的绩效表现。此外, 个体自我监控水平对他人积极情感的影响存在时间效应, 具体而言, 其正向效应随着群体发展得到一定程度的增强。本研究揭示了自我监控对于个体和群体发生影响的机理, 对于自我监控理论以及地位等相关领域做出了一定的贡献。
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-13
Abstract： " Vocabulary knowledge is one of the most important predictors of reading comprehension. According to the DVC (decoding, vocabulary, comprehension) reading skill triangle model (Perfetti, 2010), reading comprehension is dependent on knowing the meanings of words being read. At the same time, readers can infer the meanings of unfamiliar words encountered in reading. Therefore, a reciprocal relationship may exist between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension, which is not documented in previous research. The aim of the present study is to examine the relation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in different grades of elementary school. A total of 399 students from first, third and fifth grades were tested on vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension tasks at two time points over one year, along with phonological awareness, morphological awareness and nonverbal reasoning at Time 1 (the fall semester in grade 1, 3 and 5) as control variables. A cross-lagged model was used to investigate the relation between vocabulary and reading comprehension in each grade span. The results showed that, after controlling for phonological awareness, morphological awareness, and nonverbal reasoning, the relation between vocabulary and comprehension varied in different developmental stages. Vocabulary knowledge did not significantly predict later reading comprehension in primary grades (grade 1 to grade 2). Bidirectional predictive relation was found between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension in middle grades (grade 3 to grade 4). Vocabulary knowledge in grade 5 did not predict later reading comprehension in grade 6, while reading comprehension in grade 5 significantly predicted later vocabulary knowledge in grade 6. The results support reading stage theory (Chall, 1983) and supplement the DVC reading skill triangle model (Perfetti, 2010). The relation between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension among Chinese elementary children changes over time. The primary grades are in the stage of “learning to read”, children’s vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension are mainly affected by the basic cognitive and linguistic skills. The reciprocal relationship between vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension is evident in middle grades. The enrichment of vocabulary knowledge enables children to read skilled, and the comprehension of texts can also help children learn new words from texts. Reading comprehension plays an increasingly important role in vocabulary development from middle to upper elementary grades. These findings have implications for reading instruction in Chinese at different developmental stages.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2024-05-29
Abstract： Prosocial behavior is a major aspect of social functioning in childhood and adolescence. Research has indicated relations between parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. However, the meachanims for the relations remain unclear, especially in non-Western countries. The primary purpose of the present longitudinal study was to explore the role of children’s group orientation in linking parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. Group orientation, characterized as concern for group welfare and interpersonal harmony, has been particularly emphasized in socialization and believed to regulate children’s behaviors in social interaction in Chinese collectivistic society. To address the gap in the literature, this study examined the transactional relations among perceived parental warmth, child group orientation, and child prosocial behavior with a focus on the mediating effects of group orientation.
Multi-wave longitudinal data were collected each year from Grade 4 to Grade 6 in a sample of five randomly selected regular public elementary schools in China (initial N = 1033; 49.5% girls; initial Mage = 10.28 years, SD = 0.69). Data on parental warmth, group orientation, and prosocial behavior were obtained from multiple sources including self-reports and teacher ratings. Measurement invariance tests were first conducted for the measures with multiple indicators across three times of measurement. Next, latent cross-lagged panel models were constructed to examine the relations among maternal/paternal warmth, group orientation, and prosocial behavior controlling children’s gender and parental educational level. Multigroup analyses were also conducted to examine gender differences in the models.
The results showed that maternal warmth positively predicted later prosocial behavior, and child prosocial behavior positively predicted later paternal warmth. Both paternal and maternal warmth positively predicted child group orientation, which in turn positively predicted child prosocial behavior; group orientation was a mediator of the contributions of parental warmth to prosocial behavior. Multigroup analyses showed no significant gender differences in the cross-lagged paths.
The findings highlight the crucial role that group orientation plays in the link between parental warmth and children’s prosocial behavior. The study has significant implications for early intervention to promote children’s prosocial behavior.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Longitudinal cross-lagged models have been widely used to analyze causal relations in behavioral and psychological sciences, and the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is common and important. The CLPM and related panel data models usually consist of two kinds of regression relations: (a) the autoregressive effects of a variable from its prior state (an earlier time point) to its current state (present time point) and (b) the cross-lagged effects of one variable at the prior state to another variable at the current state. These effects between the two constructs provide the foundation and crucial information in deciding on their diachronic causation. Importantly, in contrast to general regression models, a CLPM consists of a complex set of regression equations, making it more susceptible to endogeneity-related problems.Endogeneity is a critical concern in regression analyses, which refers to situations when an explanatory variable is correlated with the residual (error) of its regression equation. It will likely lead to over- or under-estimated bias with commonly used estimators. Endogeneity is a critical concern when using regression models to analyze observational data to make causal claims. The CLPM determines diachronic causation based on two kinds of regression effects (autoregressive and cross-lagged paths). Despite its vulnerability to endogeneity, this issue has received little attention and requires systematic analyses.The current study focuses on issues related to endogeneity in the CLPM. We first clarify the main sources of endogeneity problems. Then, we systematically analyze different endogeneity issues in the CLPM. Lastly, we provide an empirical example to illustrate the use of the instrumental variables (IV) method in the CLPM.IV originates from econometrics and refers to the predictor of a predictor. The IV method is probably the most popular approach while dealing with endogeneity. Researchers often incorporate suitable IVs in the model to provide unbiased estimates and alleviate the endogeneity concerns. The model implied IVs (MIIVs) have been frequently used in empirical studies. A MIIV is an IV identified within the model. The MIIVs offer a promising way to deal with endogeneity in longitudinal analyses. Typically, a MIIV is a chronologically prior observation of an exogenous variable in the model. Currently, applications with IV are underutilized in psychological research. This paper tries to illustrate the use of MIIV in the CLPM by an empirical example. To our knowledge, this is the first study to discuss endogeneity issues in the CLPM and explore the performances of MIIV in the longitudinal cross-lagged model. We find that common possible sources of endogeneity in the CLPM are: omitted variables, dynamic panel, and reciprocal relation. The omitted variables are ubiquitous in all empirical research and the omitted variable problem will affect the estimation of cross-lagged analyses. For the dynamic panel, “dynamic” refers to the use of the prior outcome as a predictor. Including the effects of this lagged outcome increases the probability of the explanatory variable being related to the residual. Besides, biases could arise from the reciprocal relation, which is also known as the feedback relation, simultaneity, or simultaneous causality. We conclude, first, there are various types of endogeneity in the CLPM, including the omitted variables, dynamic panel, and reciprocal relation. Second, endogeneity could distort the estimation of cross-lagged effects in the CLPM. Lastly, MIIV is a promising technique to tackle endogeneity issues in the CLPM. For future research, it would be interesting to explore the performance of MIIV in models extended from the CLPM. They may include the Random Intercept-CLPM, the Latent Cure Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR), and the Latent Change Score Model (LCS).This paper reviews the main sources of endogeneity in the CLPM to raise applied researchers' awareness of the endogeneity issues in longitudinal research. We recommend the MIIV-CLPM as a solution to deal with the endogeneity issue.
submitted time 2023-03-25 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Longitudinal cross-lagged models have been widely used to analyze causal relations in behavioral and psychological sciences, and the cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) is common and important. The CLPM and related panel data models usually consist of two kinds of regression relations: (a) the autoregressive effects of a variable from its prior state (an earlier time point) to its current state (present time point) and (b) the cross-lagged effects of one variable at the prior state to another variable at the current state. These effects between the two constructs provide the foundation and crucial information in deciding on their diachronic causation. Importantly, in contrast to general regression models, a CLPM consists of a complex set of regression equations, making it more susceptible to endogeneity-related problems.Endogeneity is a critical concern in regression analyses, which refers to situations when an explanatory variable is correlated with the residual (error) of its regression equation. It will likely lead to over- or under-estimated bias with commonly used estimators. Endogeneity is a critical concern when using regression models to analyze observational data to make causal claims. The CLPM determines diachronic causation based on two kinds of regression effects (autoregressive and cross-lagged paths). Despite its vulnerability to endogeneity, this issue has received little attention and requires systematic analyses.The current study focuses on issues related to endogeneity in the CLPM. We first clarify the main sources of endogeneity problems. Then, we systematically analyze different endogeneity issues in the CLPM. Lastly, we provide an empirical example to illustrate the use of the instrumental variables (IV) method in the CLPM.IV originates from econometrics and refers to the predictor of a predictor. The IV method is probably the most popular approach while dealing with endogeneity. Researchers often incorporate suitable IVs in the model to provide unbiased estimates and alleviate the endogeneity concerns. The model implied IVs (MIIVs) have been frequently used in empirical studies. A MIIV is an IV identified within the model. The MIIVs offer a promising way to deal with endogeneity in longitudinal analyses. Typically, a MIIV is a chronologically prior observation of an exogenous variable in the model. Currently, applications with IV are underutilized in psychological research. This paper tries to illustrate the use of MIIV in the CLPM by an empirical example. To our knowledge, this is the first study to discuss endogeneity issues in the CLPM and explore the performances of MIIV in the longitudinal cross-lagged model. We find that common possible sources of endogeneity in the CLPM are: omitted variables, dynamic panel, and reciprocal relation. The omitted variables are ubiquitous in all empirical research and the omitted variable problem will affect the estimation of cross-lagged analyses. For the dynamic panel, “dynamic” refers to the use of the prior outcome as a predictor. Including the effects of this lagged outcome increases the probability of the explanatory variable being related to the residual. Besides, biases could arise from the reciprocal relation, which is also known as the feedback relation, simultaneity, or simultaneous causality. We conclude, first, there are various types of endogeneity in the CLPM, including the omitted variables, dynamic panel, and reciprocal relation. Second, endogeneity could distort the estimation of cross-lagged effects in the CLPM. Lastly, MIIV is a promising technique to tackle endogeneity issues in the CLPM. For future research, it would be interesting to explore the performance of MIIV in models extended from the CLPM. They may include the Random Intercept-CLPM, the Latent Cure Model with Structured Residuals (LCM-SR), and the Latent Change Score Model (LCS).This paper reviews the main sources of endogeneity in the CLPM to raise applied researchers' awareness of the endogeneity issues in longitudinal research. We recommend the MIIV-CLPM as a solution to deal with the endogeneity issue.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Creativity has been emphasized as a key competence for adolescents to achieve success in the rapidly changing world. Although developmental psychologists have put tremendous efforts into identifying the developmental trajectory of creativity, no consensus has yet been reached. Researchers have found many factors that potentially affect the development of creativity, including individual differences (such as gender differences), and the influence of the classroom environment. Besides, previous studies have not examined the creativity trajectory taking both the initial level and the growth speed into consideration. To address these flaws, the present study adopted a longitudinal design to explore the creativity development of senior primary school students through the between-person comparisons of different gender groups and school supports (the support from teachers and peers) as well as the within-person changes in response to the changing supports from schools. Two hundred and three Grade-4 primary school students (109 boys and 94 girls, mean age = 10.43 years, SD = 0.62 years, during the first phase of the test, T1) from three elementary schools participated in the three years’ longitudinal study and were assessed for three times (T1, T2, T3). Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (figural divergent thinking tests from rCAB) and Perceived School Climate Scale were used to measure creativity and school support, respectively. The study project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Normal University and obtained the informed consent of parents of the participants. The data were managed and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and HLM 6.08 software. A series of analyses, including descriptive, correlation, and multilevel analyses, were conducted to explore the developmental trajectory of creativity and the potential relationship between the school support and creativity. The results of the study were as follows: (1) The fluency of creativity of senior primary school students from grade 4 to 6 showed a linear growth trend, while the flexibility and originality of creativity showed a non-linear growth trend. In addition, the initial level of creativity was positively correlated with its growth speed. (2) Individual differences existed not only in the initial levels of fluency, flexibility, and originality, but also in the growth speed of fluency and originality. (3) Senior primary school girls performed significantly higher at initial levels of flexibility and originality than their male counterparts. (4) On the between-person level, the interaction between teacher support and gender significantly predicted the initial level of flexibility; teacher support significantly positively predicted the initial level of fluency; teacher support significantly positively predicted the growth speed of originality. (5) On the within-person level, time-varying teacher support significantly positively predicted time-varying fluency. The current study is, to our knowledge, the first exploration to describe the developmental trajectory of senior primary school students’ creativity in Mainland China using a longitudinal design. These findings will deepen the understanding of developmental rules of creativity, and provide implications for the cultivation of creativity among senior primary school students.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2020-07-10
Abstract： Creativity has been emphasized as a key competence for adolescents to achieve success in the rapidly changing world. Although developmental psychologists have put tremendous efforts into identifying the developmental trajectory of creativity, no consensus has yet been reached. Researchers have found many factors that potentially affect the development of creativity, including individual differences (such as gender differences), and the influence of the classroom environment. Besides, previous studies have not examined the creativity trajectory taking both the initial level and the growth speed into consideration. To address these flaws, the present study adopted a longitudinal design to explore the creativity development of senior primary school students through the between-person comparisons of different gender groups and school supports (the support from teachers and peers) as well as the within-person changes in response to the changing supports from schools. Two hundred and three Grade-4 primary school students (109 boys and 94 girls, mean age = 10.43 years, SD = 0.62 years, during the first phase of the test, T1) from three elementary schools participated in the three years’ longitudinal study and were assessed for three times (T1, T2, T3). Runco Creativity Assessment Battery (figural divergent thinking tests from rCAB) and Perceived School Climate Scale were used to measure creativity and school support, respectively. The study project was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Normal University and obtained the informed consent of parents of the participants. The data were managed and analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and HLM 6.08 software. A series of analyses, including descriptive, correlation, and multilevel analyses, were conducted to explore the developmental trajectory of creativity and the potential relationship between the school support and creativity. The results of the study were as follows: (1) The fluency of creativity of senior primary school students from grade 4 to 6 showed a linear growth trend, while the flexibility and originality of creativity showed a non-linear growth trend. In addition, the initial level of creativity was positively correlated with its growth speed. (2) Individual differences existed not only in the initial levels of fluency, flexibility, and originality, but also in the growth speed of fluency and originality. (3) Senior primary school girls performed significantly higher at initial levels of flexibility and originality than their male counterparts. (4) On the between-person level, the interaction between teacher support and gender significantly predicted the initial level of flexibility; teacher support significantly positively predicted the initial level of fluency; teacher support significantly positively predicted the growth speed of originality. (5) On the within-person level, time-varying teacher support significantly positively predicted time-varying fluency. The current study is, to our knowledge, the first exploration to describe the developmental trajectory of senior primary school students’ creativity in Mainland China using a longitudinal design. These findings will deepen the understanding of developmental rules of creativity, and provide implications for the cultivation of creativity among senior primary school students.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： When conducting the multivariate longitudinal studies, reciprocal relationship and latent trajectory are two of the focusing issues. The reciprocal relationship is often examined by a cross-lagged model that could build autoregressive influence and the multivariate influence between target variables, while the latent trajectory is usually defined by a latent growth model that explores the growth pattern simultaneously with individual difference. These two kinds of models are easily built under the SEM framework, at the same time could be flexibly combined by other research questions, such as the measurement error, the random factor, as well as the combination of the above issues. Such a combination yields a more complex model definition exploring the longitudinal relations, such as factor cross-lagged model, random-intercept cross-lagged model, trait-state-error model, autoregressive trajectory model, latent change score model, etc. In the study, we built a unified framework to analyze the above series of models according to the variance decomposition. First, the between-person difference was built by the latent trajectory often modeled as the latent growth. Second, the within-person difference was further decomposed as the within-person carry-over and the reciprocal relations between variables, which is the key question in the cross-lagged model series. Finally, the measurement error could be added to increase the measuring accuracy, where the trait-state-error model usually answers such a question. Since the research question of interest could be easily drawn from any above components, in summary, a “factor latent curve model with structured reciprocals” model was built as an extension and unified framework including all the components discussed above. We also used an empirical dataset to compare the above models. The data was driven from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Kindergarten (ECLS-K) project. There were 21,049 participants selected from 6 waves of measures from kindergarten to Grade 8. Reading and mathematics abilities IRT scores were used calibrated on the same scale. We first decided on the shape of the growth trajectory, where a series of alternative models indicated that the piecewise growth model best fit the data. Followed, longitudinal models suggested in our unified framework were adopted, i.e., (random intercept) cross-lagged model, trait-state-error model, latent growth model, (latent variable) autoregressive latent trajectory model, as well as (factor) latent curve model with structured residuals/reciprocals. Results indicated that the trait-state-error model best described the data. It showed that after controlling for the between-person difference (the trait factor—reading and mathematics ability), individually carry-over effects were significantly influential typically for students in the early elementary years. The significant reciprocal effect between reading and mathematics was also obtained showing these two domains of subjects influenced one another. Finally, we summarized how the results could be interpreted and offered suggestions on model selection for the researchers.
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2021-04-30
Abstract： Abstract: When conducting the multivariate longitudinal studies, reciprocal relationship and latent trajectory are two of the focusing issues. These two issues could be flexibly combined by other research questions, such as the measurement error, the random factor, as well as the combination of the above topics. Such a combination yields a more complex model definition exploring the longitudinal relations, such as factor cross-lagged model, random-intercept cross-lagged model, trait-state-error model, autoregressive trajectory model, etc. In the study, a factor latent curve model with structured reciprocals model was built as an extension and unified framework including all the components discussed above. The empirical dataset, Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey-Kindergarten (ECLS-K), was used as an illustrating example. Results indicated that the trait-state-error model best described the data. Finally, we summarized how the results could be interpreted and offered suggestions on model selection for the researchers. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2023-11-28
Abstract： With the widespread use of intensive longitudinal studies in psychology and other social sciences, reliability estimation of tests in intensive longitudinal studies has received increasing attention. Earlier reliability estimation methods drawn from cross-sectional studies or based on generalizability theory have many limitations and are not applicable to intensive longitudinal studies. Considering the two main characteristics of intensive longitudinal data, multilevel structure and dynamic nature, the reliability of tests in intensive longitudinal studies can be estimated based on multilevel confirmatory factor analysis, dynamic factor analysis, and dynamic structural equation models. The main features and applicable contexts of these three reliability estimation methods are demonstrated with empirical data. Future research could explore the reliability estimation methods based on other models, and should also pay more attention to the testing and reporting of test reliability in intensive longitudinal studies.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： With the rapid development of the economy and society, the critical role of the sustainability of altruism is more salient for organizations and their employees to have a better adaptation and greater prosperity. Although altruistic behaviors are very critical to modern organizations, there are several severe deficiencies in the understanding of the nature of altruistic behaviors and the investigation of its formation mechanism in the current altruism literature. First, researchers have long believed that altruism behaviors are static trait-like behaviors, and behavioral differences mainly exist at the interpersonal level. Therefore, most of the previous research in this area focused on the exploration of interpersonal differences in the static value of altruistic behaviors. This deficiency not only keeps previous research from accurately reflecting the characteristics of long-term trajectories of altruistic behavior but may also cover up the possible outliers in the short-term volatility of altruistic behavior, which may lead to the misjudgment that treating the static value of altruistic behavior as the “ideal” altruistic behavior which is stable and sustainable. Second, the existing investigation of altruistic behavior via a dynamic theoretical lens or using dynamic methods generally lacks systematic integration. A key problem is that, although scholars generally believe that altruistic behaviors have features of both long-term trends and short-term volatility, most of the existing studies were based on narrower research frameworks and independently discussed either short-term volatility or long-term trend of altruistic behavior, respectively. If the above two issues remain unsolved, it will lead to our incomplete understanding of the antecedents and forming mechanism of altruistic behavior. Therefore, based on the model of proactive motivation, this paper attempts to construct a theoretical framework of the sustainability of altruistic behaviors, examining the short-term volatility and long-term trends of altruistic behavior simultaneously, and exploring individual and leadership antecedents and forming mechanisms of the sustainability of altruistic behavior. Specifically, using a mixed-method of longitudinal survey and experience sampling method, this study firstly aims to clarify the nature of the sustainability of altruistic behaviors, to uncover the relationship between the short-term volatility and long-term trend of altruistic behavior, and by which to enrich our understanding of the sustainability of altruistic behavior. Secondly, we aim to explore how employee antecedents (belief in a justice world and perceived overqualification) and leader antecedents (ethical leadership and abusive supervision) impact the goal-setting (short-term volatility) and goal-striving (long-term trend) of altruistic behavior via “energized to” path (state gratitude, psychological entitlement, and heroism), “reason to” path (organizational concern and impression management motives), and “can do” path (reciprocal cognition and career adaptability). To sum up, based on the model of proactive motivation, this paper facilitates the literature on altruistic behavior by filling an important research gap regarding the sustainability of altruistic behavior and advancing the knowledge on antecedents and forming mechanisms of the sustainability of altruistic behavior. Moreover, the findings of the current research would also provide practical suggestions for the construction of sustainable reciprocal teams and organizations.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2022-04-07
Abstract：
With the rapid development of the economy and society, the critical role of the sustainability of altruism is more salient for organizations and their employees to have a better adaptation and greater prosperity. Although recent studies have found that altruistic behavior is dynamic in nature, there are severe deficiencies in theoretical frameworks and methods of these studies. They were unable to obtain a comprehensive picture of the dynamic sustainability of altruistic behavior, not to mention its antecedents and consequences. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the antecedents of sustainability of altruistic behavior and its forming mechanism. By doing so, the current research could facilitate our understanding of the nature of altruism and guide the practice of constructing sustainable mutually beneficial teams and organizations.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Workplace status is a valuable resource for employees, which not only helps individuals gain influence on others, improves their self-cognition and work behaviors, but also promotes organizational effectiveness. However, workplace status has not been given the right “status” in the past research of organizational management. Using 4-wave longitudinal data about workplace status and latent growth model analysis method, this research explores the dynamic influence mechanism of workplace status on employees’ attitudes and behaviors and the formation mechanism of double sides of workplace status over time. This research focuses on the multifaceted characteristics of workplace status, such as dynamic changes and double sides, and also provides rich theoretical basis for guarding against the dark side of workplace status in organizational management practices.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Educational Psychology submitted time 2024-04-23
Abstract： As a crucial component of cognitive function, mathematical ability plays an essential role in an individual’s future development. Previous studies have highlighted significant differences in this ability between children from high and low family socioeconomic backgrounds. Executive functioning are the most reliable factor in explaining this disparity. However, fundamental questions remain about the mediating role of executive functioning in this relationship: (1) The role of specific subcomponents of executive functioning in their relationship. (2) The differences in the impact of socioeconomic status on various mathematical abilities through these executive functioning subcomponents. (3) The variations in the role of executive functioning in the relationship between socioeconomic status and both current and future mathematical abilities. Accordingly, our study explored the impact of socioeconomic status on the second and third graders’ mathematical operations, logical reasoning, and spatial imagination abilities, as well as the mediation role of interference inhibition, response inhibition, and working memory. A total of 185 second-grade students were followed for 20 months in two assessments. At the beginning of second grade, children were assessed on their working memory through forward and backward digit span tasks; their interference inhibition was assessed with the Stroop task; and their response inhibition was assessed via the Go/No-go task. Children’s socioeconomic status was assessed using their parents’ educational levels, occupational status, and Family Affluence Scale. The Chinese Rating Scale of Pupil’s Mathematics Abilities, which included subtests for addition, subtraction, number sequence, length estimation, and cube counting, was utilized to assess the children’s mathematical calculation, logical thinking, and spatial imagination abilities. We explored the main effects of socioeconomic status on children’s current and future mathematical abilities using structural equation modeling and simultaneously developed multiple mediation models to investigate how executive functioning components mediate these relationships. The results indicated that the three types of mathematical abilities in second graders showed significant improvement over the 20-month period; socioeconomic status in the second grade directly predicted mathematical abilities at the same grade level; and socioeconomic status could indirectly predict mathematical calculation abilities in the second grade and logical thinking abilities in the third grade through the mediating role of working memory. It is concluded that the present study extends previous research that has explored the mediation role of executive functioning between socioeconomic status and mathematical ability, demonstrating that working memory is a crucial cognitive factor that contributes to the explanation of this mechanism. It provides a scientific basis for educational and research professionals to develop interventions aimed at enhancing the mathematical abilities of children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2019-03-09
Abstract： Based on the idea of “assessment for learning" and aiming at promoting students' learning, the assessment pattern of objectively quantifying the learning status and providing diagnostic feedback has been increasingly valued. Compared with the cross-sectional cognitive diagnostic assessment, the longitudinal cognitive diagnostic assessment is more conducive to achieving the goal of promoting students' development. In order to make domestic scholars systematically understanding of the longitudinal cognitive diagnosis model (CDM), we first divided the existing longitudinal CDM into two types according to the modeling logic: one is based on the latent transition analysis and another one is based on the higher-order latent structural model. Then, the theoretical basis and application scenarios of each model are introduced and explained one by one. Finally, four future research topics are concluded. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Longitudinal study is a research method that introduces time-lag to explore changing trends of variables and causality between variables. In organizational behavior (OB) research, scholars have become increasingly interested in longitudinal study. While the number of OB research adopting this method is rising, a comprehensive and correct understanding is not available so far in China. Longitudinal study can be categorized according to the time-lag, different types correspond to different sample size, survey and statistical analysis methods. Further research could be extended on the team and leadership, organizational culture and change, and employee motivation. Future research should pay more attention to the achievement of cross-culture design.
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