Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-08-21
Abstract： " "
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2022-01-04
Abstract：善恶问题是人们在社会生活中的重要话题，在对他人进行知觉时，人们首先关心的信息是什么，是否会对不同类型善恶特质有所权衡？研究基于人格心理学视角，通过4个研究对该问题进行了探讨。研究首先探究了人格的道德概念激活时善恶的差异，并以代表性、好恶度、特质度和重要性为衡量指标分别考察了不同类型善恶特质的核心程度差异。结果发现，善恶人格的特质差序体现在两个方面：（1）善恶人格间的差序，在人格的道德范畴中，存在善人格的优先效应；（2）善恶人格内的差序，“善”的核心由内到外为尽责诚信、仁爱友善与包容大度、利他奉献；“恶”的核心由内到外为凶恶残忍、背信弃义与污蔑陷害、虚假伪善。研究有助于进一步理解中国人的善恶观，为善恶领域的探究提供了新思路。
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2020-01-29
Abstract： A cluster of negative personality traits such as trait anxiety, trait depression, trait anger, trait hostility, has long been viewed as high risk factors that lead to cardiovascular diseases. Patterns of stress cardiovascular responses are the important physiological pathways through which personality traits influence cardiovascular diseases. In the past decades, studies exploring the associations between negative personality traits and patterns of stress cardiovascular responses have mainly focused on a specific negative trait and its cardiovascular responses to a single low/moderate stress exposure, however, no study to date has differentiated two types of negative traits and their relations with patterns of cardiovascular responses to repeated stress exposure under distinct intensity conditions. The present study sought to investigate the associations between avoidance vs. approach negative traits and the patterns of cardiovascular responses to two successive stress exposures under moderate and high intensity psychosocial stress conditions. Moreover, the potential mechanisms underlying these associations were preliminarily explored by considering the mediating role of stress cognitive appraisals. Eligible 167 healthy undergraduate students recruited from universities in Xi’an (58 males, 109 females), aged 17~25 years (19.23 ± 1.13), took part in the present study. Upon arrival, participants completed a package of questionnaires including trait depression, trait anxiety, trait anger, and trait hostility. Then, participants were randomly assigned to either moderate- or high-intensity psychosocial stress condition, and underwent four laboratory phases: baseline, stress exposure 1, post-stress 1, stress exposure 2. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the main effects of stress intensity, avoidance and approach negative traits, as well as interaction effects of negative traits and stress intensity in predicting cardiovascular reactivity to, cardiovascular recovery from stress, and cardiovascular reactivity to repeated stress. Furthermore, mediation effect analyses were conducted to explore whether the associations between negative traits and stress cardiovascular reactivity were mediated by cognitive appraisals. Results showed that the mock interview tasks used for both two stress exposures were effective in eliciting subjective and physiological stress responses. Intensity of psychosocial stress was successfully manipulated, with high-intensity stress elicited greater psychophysiological responses than low-intensity stress. Regression analyses showed that regardless of the stress intensity, avoidance negative trait predicted blunted stress cardiovascular reactivity to the first and second stress exposures, and predicted poor cardiovascular recovery after the stress exposure. Whereas, approach negative trait predicted greater stress cardiovascular reactivity to the first and second stress exposures, and predicted poor cardiovascular recovery after the stress exposure. In addition, mediation analyses showed that the association between avoidance negative trait and HR reactivity to repeated stress was mediated by perceived personal resources to repeated stress. Overall, the present study findings suggest that both two types of negative trait are associated with a rigid stress cardiovascular response pattern in coping with a changing environment. In specific, avoidance negative trait is associated with blunted stress cardiovascular reactivity and poor cardiovascular recovery, whereas approach negative trait is associated with greater stress cardiovascular reactivity and poor cardiovascular recovery, implying differential physiological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases. " "
submitted time 2024-06-26
Abstract：本研究综述了体育锻炼对改善大学生特质焦虑的影响。大学生作为心理健康问题的高发群体，面对学业和社会的多重压力，常常表现出较高水平的特质焦虑。通过分析大量相关文献，我们发现适度的体育活动对降低焦虑水平、提高心理健康状况具有显著的积极作用。不同类型的体育活动在缓解焦虑方面的效果有所不同，研究表明有氧运动、团队运动以及一些特定项目均能有效缓解特质焦虑。然而，目前的研究多采用自评量表评估焦虑，存在主观偏差，且不同体育项目的具体影响机制尚需进一步探讨。未来研究应着重细化不同类型体育活动的具体影响机制，探索个性化的体育干预方案，并通过长时间的纵向研究验证其长期效果。高校应积极推广体育锻炼，营造健康的校园环境，帮助大学生更好地应对心理压力，实现身心全面发展。
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2021-09-07
Abstract： Facial expressions are an important medium for understanding the emotional feelings of others. However, individual factors such as gender, age, and personality traits can influence the perception of facial expressions. For instance, individuals with elevated level of trait anxiety, which is measure of frequency and intensity of occurrence of anxiety related symptoms, show attentional bias towards emotional stimuli, that is, higher attention to emotional information such as facial expressions. These studies mostly focused on attentional processing stage, and it remains unclear whether trait anxiety affects the pre-attentive processing stage of facial expression perception. Pre-attentive processing is an automatic evaluation of whether attention is needed for the stimulus, thereby filtering out irrelevant information to conserve cognitive resources and improve the efficiency of information processing. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the pre-attentive processing of facial expressions and the bias to emotional stimuli of trait anxious individuals to emotional stimuli during the pre-attentive processing stage. According to the scores of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety inventory (STAI), 20 participants who scored in the top 27% were assigned to the high trait anxiety group (13 women; mean age=19.02 ± 0.63 years) and 20 participants who scored in the bottom 27% were assigned to the low trait anxiety group (11 women; mean age=19.63 ± 0.88 years). The stimuli used in the experiment were happy, sad and neutral face pictures selected from the Chinese Facial Affective Picture System (CAFPS; Gong et al., 2011) including 10 pictures (5 females and 5 males) of each kind of emotion. The deviant-standard-reverse oddball paradigm included 4 types of facial expression sequences: neutral standard stimuli/happy deviant stimuli, happy standard stimuli/neutral deviant stimuli; neutral standard stimuli/sad deviant stimuli, and sad standard stimuli/neutral deviant stimuli. The standard stimuli mean that this type of stimuli were appeared about 80% of the time in the sequence, and the deviant stimuli were about 20%. Participants were instructed to detect unpredictable changes in the size of fixation cross in the center of visual field and press a corresponding button as fast and as accurate as possible, and ignored facial expressions. The results revealed that, the amplitudes of N170 elicited by deviant faces were significantly larger than standard faces. Importantly, in the early EMMN, the mean amplitude elicited by sad facial expressions was significantly larger than happy facial expressions in low trait anxiety group, but there was no significant difference between happy and sad facial expressions in high trait anxiety group. Moreover, the early EMMN amplitude of happy faces was significantly larger in the high trait anxiety group than in the low trait anxiety group. These results suggest that the high trait anxiety group has similar amplification of EMMN amplitude for both happy and sad expressions. Our results show that there is a difference between high and low trait anxiety in the pre-attentive processing of facial expression. This suggests that personality traits are important factors influencing the pre-attentive processing of facial expressions, and high trait anxiety individuals may have difficulty in effectively distinguishing between happy and sad emotional faces during the pre-attentive processing stage and have similar processing patterns for them.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《知识管理论坛》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] This research attempts to investigate the impact of personality traits on the adoption and time spending of mobile photography apps, mobile game apps, mobile shopping apps and mobile video apps. [Method/process] 520 valid samples were collected by questionnaires and further analyzed by using the variance analysis and correlation analysis. [Result/conclusion] The result shows that agreeableness is positively associated with the adoption of mobile photography apps; conscientiousness is negatively associated with the adoption of mobile game apps; extraversion is positively associated with the adoption of mobile shopping apps, mobile video apps and mobile photography apps; neuroticism has negative association with mobile shopping apps, mobile video apps; agreeableness has positive association with time spending on mobile video apps; conscientiousness has negative association with time spending on mobile game apps; extraversion is positively associated with time spending on mobile video apps, mobile photography apps; neuroticism has negative association with time spending on mobile video apps.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Prosocial behaviors have a significant impact on social cohesion. Previous behavioral studies and fMRI studies found that prosocial behaviors can be influenced by conformity tendency, including altruistic behavior, trusting behavior, fairness, generosity and charity. People tend to be more prosocial when they observe the group members’ prosocial behaviors. This phenomenon can be defined as prosocial conformity effect. In the prosocial conformity experiments, participants need to cope with the conflict between social preference and conformity pressure. From this perspective, relative to the classical conformity experiments, participants would have stronger psychological conflict in the prosocial conformity context. People tend to imitate others’ behaviors and adopt the deeper goals and motives of group in social context. There are two motivations underlying prosocial conformity behaviors. From a narrow perspective, prosocial conformity could represent the imitation of other behaviors. On a broad account, prosocial conformity could be a consequence of adopting the group’s prosocial attitude. It is hard to distinguish these two motivations in the current studies. Both of them is motivated by the desire for maintain a positive self-concept. Previous neuroimaging studies found that prosocial conformity is related to brain regions involved in reward processing, such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. People have a strong reward participation in the prosocial conformity context because prosocial behaviors are rewarded in the social group. Brain areas that were related to error processing also play a critical role in prosocial conformity. The error processing network is served as an error monitor system in the brain. Before changing, people need to be conscious of the difference in attitude and behaviors between group members and themselves. Previous studies also found that social conformity can be modulated by individuals’ preferences in interpersonal relationships. Prosocial conformity can be modulated by social value orientation, interpersonal trust and interpersonal sensitivity. Compared with pro-selfs, prosocial individuals have stronger tendency to conform with prosocial behaviors. People with high interpersonal trust were more likely to conform to group in an informational decision context, whereas individuals with low interpersonal trust were more likely to be involved in normative conformity pressure. In addition, interpersonal sensitivity can influence prosocial conformity behaviors. Individuals with high interpersonal sensitivity were more likely to follow with others’ prosocial behaviors. The direction for future research can focus on the following points. Firstly, researchers can study the stability of prosocial conformity. It can extend our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying prosocial conformity. Secondly, future study can explore the individual differences in prosocial conformity. For instance, we know nothing about whether the individual difference in personality can modulate the effect of conformity on prosocial behavior. Thirdly, in order to understand the law of development in prosocial conformity, we can study the prosocial conformity behaviors in children and adolescents. Fourthly, it is necessary to investigate how mental patients with impaired social function cope with prosocial conformity pressure. For example, we can examine that whether people with major depression disorder is insensitive to the prosocial conformity pressure. Lastly, we can focus on the effect of culture diversity on prosocial conformity. It would be necessary to investigate the difference between collectivism and individualism in prosocial conformity.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Humans are a social species that are constantly involved in complex relationships, reacting to the actions of others, and intentionally or unintentionally changing our own behavior. Personality traits reflect the behavioral pattern of an individual's response to the environment, which also includes social behavior. In addition, the brain is also an important factor when discussing social networks. The brain provides biological mechanisms for human behavior, while social networks provide external triggers for these behaviors. Linking personality traits and brain activity to social networks can help us better understand the structure of group relationships, improve our understanding of individual human beings, and help us better predict individual social behaviors and find the rules of information transmission in interpersonal relationships. From the perspective of a network, we collected nine social networks from 94 undergraduate students in the same grade according to their different social needs. We used the graph theory and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the influence of personality traits on social networks based on individual popularity and closeness between individuals and the relationship between the similarity of brain resting-state functional connectivity and social distance between individuals. Specifically, regression analysis was carried out, with personality traits as the independent variables and the different degrees of social networks as the dependent variables. Then, a correlation analysis was performed for the social distance and similarity of personality traits. Finally, the correlation between the similarity of the brain networks and social distance was calculated. The results showed that (1) individuals with high conscientiousness were more popular in social networks requiring "trust" traits, while individuals with high agreeableness were more popular in social networks requiring "fun" traits. These findings showed that in the same group, there are different social networks according to social needs, and the popularity of individuals in different social networks is not similar as it will be affected by the corresponding personality traits; (2) In the social networks requiring "shared interests & values, " personality similarity and social distance between individuals were significantly negatively correlated. Personality similarity promotes interpersonal communication between individuals, which may be realized through interpersonal attraction induced by the similarity of values and interests; (3) In the same social network, there is a significantly negative correlation between similarities in functional connections (FCs) and social distance among individuals, and these FCs are mainly concentrated in the fronto-parietal task control network and the dorsal attention network. The similarity of resting brain FCs among individuals may promote interpersonal communication, possibly due to the similarity of individuals in cognitive control and environmental processing bias, which increases the interpersonal attraction and shortening the social distance between individuals. The results revealed the influence of personality traits on the structure of different social networks, the relationship between personality trait similarity among individuals, and the similarity between resting brain networks and social distance, which has important implications for understanding the structure of social networks, the formation rules, and the information transmission rules among them. In addition, this study discussed the relationship between the similarity of resting-state FC and social distance, providing new evidence for studies on brain synchronization in interpersonal communication and brain imaging evidence for the study of the relationship between the similarity of personality traits and social distance.#social networks, personality traits, resting-state functional connectivity
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-07-27
Abstract： " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-10-31
Abstract： Prosocial behaviors have a significant impact on social cohesion. Previous behavioral studies found that prosocial behaviors can be influenced by conformity tendency, including altruistic behavior, trusting behavior, fairness, generosity and charity. People tend to imitate others’ behaviors and adopt the deeper goals and motives of group in social context. Previous neuroimaging studies found that prosocial conformity are related to brain regions involved in reward processing, such as ventromedial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. Brain areas that were related to error processing also play a critical role in prosocial conformity. Prosocial conformity can be modulated by social value orientation, interpersonal trust and interpersonal sensitivity. Future studies can focus on the stability of prosocial conformity, prosocial conformity in children, individual differences, clinical research and cultural diversity.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2023-05-05
Abstract： Purpose/significance certifying the differences of IE effect caused by the personalized features of users, confirm the “first-principal factor” recognition of users from the theory of Information Ecology, creatively propose the idea of IE behavior determined by users themselves, with a view to provide support for the user-oriented information IE service. Method/process analyzing the difference of IE behavior based on the users’ personalized features using combined methods of qualitative, quantitative and networked experiment to deal with the hypothesis objectively and consistently. Result/conclusion testing 30 hypothesis concerning 8 kinds of features of users, finding the cause-effect relationship between users’ features and results of IE behavior. Finally concluding essentially such as IE is a complex self-adapted and self-similar process, apparently passive IE process and result embodies the users’ active matching incentive mechanism. Tables 16,reference 34.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2020-09-13
Abstract： " People tend to make inferences about other people's personality traits based on their appearance, which is actually a phenomenon of "judging people by their appearance". Body shape, as an important aspect of appearance, plays an important role in shaping the impression of others. A large number of studies have shown that body shape does affect people's reasoning about their personality traits, and then form impression management. People generally have stereotypes of "fat-negative" and "thin-positive". People usually have a negative view of obesity, but on the contrary, they make positive comments on lean body. However, it is worth noting that most of the past researches focused on the reasoning of the fixed body shape, and there is little research on whether the process of body shape change will change the personality traits that people formed in the past. Does the process of becoming fat and thin, relative to the fixed state of obesity and thin, affect people's trait reasoning results? This study focused on the dynamic process of body shape change, and intended to take two experiments to investigate whether the body shape changes in different directions and to different degrees, whether it would affect its personality traits reasoning. In Experiment 1, we investigated the inference results of personality traits when the body shape changed from thin to fat and from fat to thin compared with obesity and lean body shape. Since Experiment 1 focused on the extreme body shape of obesity and thinness, we added pictures of normal body shape in Experiment 2. In Experiment 2, we investigated the reasoning results of personality traits of subjects when the trend of body shape change was the same, but the degree of change was different. That is, when the body shape changes between three levels of obesity, normal, and thin, whether there is significant change in the inference results of the participants’ personality traits. The results suggested that the reasoning of personality trait between body shape change and body shape invariance is basically the same, the contrast body shape has been obese, the body shape from thin to fat is more negative, the contrast body shape has been thin, the body shape from fat to thin is more positive. Whether male or female picture material, contrast body shape from thin to fat, body shape from fat to thin personality trait reasoning results are more positive. In Experiment 2, we add normal body shape pictures and the results suggested that the inferential results of personality traits from fat to normal were more positive than from fat to thin, and from thin to normal personality traits were more positive than from thin to fat. Two experiments suggested that the participants' own BMI index and gender were important factors influencing the speculation of personality traits of others. Based on these results, it is concluded that body shape changes can affect people's trait reasoning results. Being too fat or too thin can lead to negative personality trait reasoning. People prefer normal body shape.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2020-01-02
Abstract： Traditional attachment theory suggests that individual’s attachment-related psychological and behavioral patterns are relatively stable, but whether in information processes or life-span development, individual’s attachment patterns are both relatively stable and context-sensitive, i.e. attachment patterns have trait-state duality. The interactions between one’s trait attachment and contextual features together sharp individual’s attachment pattern in a particular context. The patterns of interactions between attachment orientations and attachment priming in studies using attachment priming paradigm provide a window to understand the duality of attachment and the relationship between trait and state attachment. And the two-stages model of attachment activation offers a framework for integrating and understanding these patterns. Future studies should optimize the manipulation check of attachment priming and consider the interaction between attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety. More attention should be paid to the attachment differences within the group of people with high attachment anxiety to clarify the patterns of interaction between trait and state attachment. And studies show focus on the stage that the attachment coping strategies impact on the effects of attachment priming to explore the mechanism of the interactions betweentrait and state attachment.
Subjects: Psychology >> Psychological Measurement submitted time 2024-03-25
Abstract： Objective: To explore the relationship between personal characteristics and the possibility of receiving PUA in the context of Chinese culture, compile a personal special quality table and the basic characteristic scale of PUA relations suitable for people who are susceptible to PUA in the context of Chinese culture, and test their credibility and validity. Methods: The initial questionnaire is formed by combining literature retrieval, theoretical model construction and questionnaire survey; 1,188 adults were selected as the subjects in the PUA Personal Quality Table, and 1,188 adults who had experienced or were experiencing intimate relationships in the PUA Relationship Performance Characteristic Table were selected as the subjects. The trial questionnaire carried out project analysis and exploratory factor analysis; both questionnaires carried out verification factor analysis and credibility test. Results: The scale is vulnerable to PUA personal special quality table contains 4 dimensions, a total of 20 items. The fitting index of the factor structure model is good, RMSEA=0.060, CFI=0.937, IFI=0.937, TLI=0.924, SRMR=0.04 2; The performance characteristic scale of the two PUA relationship contains 6 dimensions, with a total of 29 items. RMSEA=0.053, CFI=0.925, TLI=0.919, GFI=0.913, SRMR=0.059. The internal consistency between the total scale of scale 1 and each dimension is between 0.779-0.909, and the internal consistency between the total scale of scale II and each dimension is between 0.897-0.970. Conclusion: The credibility and validity of the PUA personal special quality scale and the PUA relationship performance characteristic scale are good, and can be used as one of the measurement tools for the study of personal characteristics and the possibility of PUA in the context of Chinese culture.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Facial expressions are emotional signals conveyed through muscle movements, such as those in the eyes and mouth. Facial emotion recognition plays a crucial role in infant's social and communicative development. The development of basic facial expression recognition in infants is asynchronous: the recognition of positive expressions occurs earlier than that of negative expressions, and the development of emotion perception is earlier than emotion understanding.Infants recognize positive facial expressions earlier than negative ones. They can distinguish happy expressions when they are 2 months old, and negative expressions when they are 4-6 months old. Infant's ability to perceive emotions develops earlier than their ability to understand emotions. The 7-month-old infant has initially possessed the emotion perception ability. They can not only distinguish the basic facial expressions, but also form a classification perception and master the visual observation strategy similar to that of adults. The development of emotional understanding is relatively lagging behind, and 12-month-old infants cannot accurately understand the emotional meaning conveyed by different the negative valence expressions. Infants' basic facial expression recognition undergoes a shift from positive bias to negative bias. In the first half of infancy, infants show an attentional bias to happy expressions, and from 5 months onwards, infants show an attentional bias to fearful expressions. The development of infant's ability to recognize basic facial expression recognition reflects the process from the activation of basic emotions to the formation of emotional schemas. Basic expressions are a preset system that humans evolved to adapt to the environment, and infants are born with the innate ability to express and recognize them. Once basic emotions are activated by the environment, infants acquire corresponding recognition abilites. Emotional schemas are acquired through postnatal development, and are the result of the dynamic interaction process between emotions and cognition. Both individual cognitive development and environmental stimuli play important roles in the formation of emotional schemas. The experience-expectant mechanism in the human brain enables infants to recognize positive expressions earlier than negative expressions, which helps infants to receive more feedback from adults. From the second half of infancy, infants may develop an attentional bias towards negative expression, which can aid in their better understanding of others's feelings. There may also be a sensitive period during the second half of infancy for the development of the ability to recognize negative emotions. Moreover, the experience-dependent mechanism in the brain determines the plasticity of the brain's emotional neural network. The mother-infant relationship, family, social environment, race, and culture all can affect the development of an infant's ability to recognize facial expressions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-04-06
Abstract：
Intergenerational dilemma refers to situations that involve conflicts between one’s current self-interest and the interest of others in the future. How people make decisions in such situations can affect other individuals, organizations, and even the welfare of all human beings. Compared to social dilemmas, intergenerational dilemmas are characterized by three unique features: power asymmetry, lack of direct reciprocity, and longer psychological distance. These features are the key reasons why the level of intergenerational cooperation tends to be low. Based on the three main factors—personality traits, decision contexts, and social norms—that influence intergenerational cooperation, we propose that intergenerational cooperation could be promoted by cultivating gratitude and prosocial traits, enhancing the reputational benefits of intergenerational cooperation, promoting affinity with future generations, and reducing perceived uncertainty of future outcomes. We suggest that future research should further examine the ecological validity of extant research paradigms and how reputation cues and sociocultural variables affect intergenerational cooperation, providing better support for making policies that promote intergenerational cooperation.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2018-09-07 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： 引入自相似的算法表征功能内稳态的过程, 从功能内稳态的角度探讨特质正念与不同过程中心率变异性(Heart rate variability, HRV)自相似的关系, 以揭示正念起作用的可能机制｡功能内稳态是机体面对内外环境的变化保持自身功能相对稳定的一种能力或素质｡研究设置静息态､冷加压任务､冷加压后恢复和正念练习4种不同的条件, 并记录被试在这4个环节的HRV指标｡结果显示, HRV自相似与特质正念之间存在显著相关, 高HRV自相似组在冷加压环节的HRV各指标都比低HRV自相似组高｡结果表明, 正念维持适应的生理机制可能与功能内稳态有关｡
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-06-03
Abstract： According to China’s Internet development statistics report, young Internet users account for 28.4% among the 1.092 billion Internet users. Meanwhile, adolescent cyberbullying has also emerged, who are victims of cyberbullying at risk for depression, anxiety, and non-suicidal self-injury,In order to find intervention methods, researchers urgently need to broaden and deepen the understanding of adolescent cyberbullying./t/nBased on the general attack model, this study used network analysis to explore the network structure and gender differences of 3240 adolescents’ cyberbullying. At the same time, this study also explored the gender differences in the network structure between cyberbullying and trait anger of 1753 middle school students./t/nThe research results show that the network of adolescent cyberbullying contains 15 nodes, 75 non-0 edges, and the average weight is 0.06. Among them, “I often abuse others when playing online games” is the core symptom of adolescent cyberbullying. Besides, there are also gender differences in adolescent cyberbullying. The specific values of boys’ and girls’ networks in terms of overall intensity are 48.62 and 29.24 respectively, and boys are more inclined to direct aggression, while girls’ core symptom are more likely to relational aggression and indirect aggression. However, in both boys’ and girls’ network structures, I often abuse others when playing online games ranked first in the expected influence index./t/nThere are also gender differences in the network structure of adolescents’ cyberbullying and trait anger. In the network structure of girls, the expected influence index of I exclude some people on forum posts or social networking sites is the highest, while in the network structure of boys, the expected impact index of I intentionally divulge private information of others online is the highest. In addition, we found that the items of temperamental anger were more segmented from the overall network, while the items of reactive anger were more closely connected with the overall network.These findings expand our understanding of adolescent cyberbullying and the influence of trait anger on it as well as they provide suggestions for intervention of adolescent cyberbullying.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Facial expressions are fundamental emotional stimuli. They convey important information in social interaction. Most previous studies focused on the processing of isolated facial expressions. However, in everyday life, faces always appear within complex scenes. The emotional meaning of the scenes plays an important role in judging facial expressions. Additionally, facial expressions change constantly from appearance to disappearance. Visual scenes may have different effects on the processing of faces with different emotional intensities. Individual personality traits, such as trait anxiety, also affect the processing of facial expressions. For example, individuals with high trait anxiety have processing bias on negative emotional faces. The present study explored whether previously presented visual scenes affected the identification of emotions in morphed facial expressions, and whether the influences of visual scenes on the identification of facial expressions showed differences between individuals with high and low trait anxiety. Using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), we placed 29 participants who scored in the top 27% in the high trait anxiety group (9 men and 20 women; mean age 19.76 � 1.3 years) and 28 participants who scored in the bottom 27% in the low trait anxiety group (11 males and 17 females, mean age 19.71 � 1.2 years). The images of faces (4 models, half male and half female) used in this study were selected from the NimStim Set of Facial Expressions. The face stimuli showed typical happy, neutral, and fearful expressions. Facial expressions were morphed to create a series of gradually varied images of facial expressions. Specifically, fearful face (100%) versus neutral face (0%) and happy face (100%) versus neutral face (0%) were morphed in 20% increments. In addition, 40 surrounding scene images were used, with 20 positive scenes and 20 negative scenes. In the face-emotion detection task, participants were asked to determine whether the emotion from the faces presented after the scenes were fearful, happy, or neutral. For the repeated measure ANOVA of the accuracy for facial expression detection, the results showed scene effects on the identification of emotions in facial expressions. The scene effects were varied between the different intensity of face emotion: for the emotionally vague faces, the detection of happy and fearful expression showed significant scene effects; for the faces with moderate emotional intensity, only the detection of the fearful faces showed significant scene effects; for the intense emotions on faces, there was a significant effect on happy and neutral faces but not on fearful faces. Trait anxiety as an individual factor was found to play a moderating role in the identification of facial expressions. For the high trait anxiety group, there were no significant differences in the accuracy of emotional detection between congruent and incongruent conditions. This means that the high trait anxiety group did not show significant scene effects. The low trait anxiety group showed a significant difference in the accuracy of identification of emotions in facial expressions between congruent and incongruent conditions, i.e., significant scene effects.In summary, the present study demonstrated that, for facial expressions with low emotional intensity, the identification of happy and fearful faces was more likely to be affected by visual scenes than the identification of neutral faces. Visual scenes were more likely to affect the identification of moderately fearful faces than moderately happy faces. Trait anxiety played a moderating role in the influence of visual scenes on emotional detection of facial expressions. Specifically, individuals with high trait anxiety were less affected by surrounding visual scenes and paid more attention to facial expressions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-07-19
Abstract： The creative personality is often regarded as relatively stable and unique. However, as artificial intelligence (AI) participates in creative tasks, its “digital authority” may induce automation bias in human use of AI, which makes it difficult for humans to maintain their leading role in creativity. Thus, the use of AI may affect individuals’ creative self-efficacy and creative role identity, ultimately undermining creative personality. To complement research on creative personality in the context of AI, this study aims to clarify the influence of using AI in creative work on creative personality, drawing on the concepts of “could” and “should”. At last, this study explores the effectiveness of self-leadership, that is, how individuals assert their role as primary innovators.
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