Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：卫星通讯技术的快速发展,为广播电视新闻直播提供了新型的传播方式,使广播电视新闻直播出现在人们的视野中。广播电视新闻直播,彰显了广播电视所具备跨时空、跨地域传播优势,实现了同步传输新闻报道与事件。基于此,本文分析了采编播三元架构中一线记者扮演的角色以及发挥的作用,希望可以给相关从业人员带来一定的借鉴作用。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-01-08
Abstract： While a body of previous research attempted to reveal which of the two decision strategies (i.e., intuition vs. deliberation) led to more prosocial behavior, we went a step further to examine the impact of decision strategies in prosocial behavior on social judgments. Specifically, we examined the link between decision strategies and perceptions of humanness. Prosocial behavior is closely related to humanness. Intuitive prosocial behavior may represent the helper’s genuine goodwill, and thus may be judged as higher in humanness than deliberative prosocial behavior. However, given the complexity of contextual factors as well as humanness, the answer to this question is more complicated than one may think. We hypothesized that intuitive prosocial behavior (vs. deliberative prosocial behavior) would be perceived as higher in the Human Nature (HN) but not the Human Uniqueness (HU) dimension, and only in highly emotional but not low emotional situations.
Four experiments (valid N = 1657) were conducted where participants responded to hypothetical scenarios depicting helpers using different decision strategies in various helping situations. Study 1 investigated the differences in humanness perceptions between intuitive prosocial actors and deliberative prosocial actors in a highly emotional situation. In Study 2, we adopted a 2 (decision strategy: intuitive vs. deliberative) × 2 (situational emotionality: high vs. low) between-subject design, exploring the interaction between situational emotionality and decision strategy on humanness perceptions. Study 3 was a pre-registered study to replicate Study 2 with different scenarios. To better interpret the findings, in Study 4, we introduced a manipulation of behavioral consequences to examine whether consequences would moderate the differences in humanness perceptions between the two decision strategies. In all the studies, HN and HU were measured and analyzed separately.
As hypothesized, people who performed intuitive prosocial behavior were rated higher on HN than those who performed deliberative prosocial behavior in the highly emotional situations (Study 1, t(174) = 5.44, p < 0.001, d = 0.820; Study 2, F(1, 400) = 3.45，p = 0.064，ηp2 = 0.009; Study 3, F(1, 460) = 6.57，p = 0.011，ηp2 = 0.014). However, no significant difference in HU was found between the two groups in these situations. In the low emotional situations, deliberative helpers scored higher on HU than intuitive helpers (Study 2, F(1, 400) = 20.55，p < 0.001，ηp2 = 0.049; Study 3, F(1, 460) = 13.00，p < 0.001，ηp2 = 0.029), and the results on HN were not consistent; deliberative helpers were rated as higher on HN than intuitive helpers in Study 2 but not in Study 3. To reconcile the results, we manipulated behavioral consequences in Study 4, which demonstrated that although deliberative (vs. intuitive) helpers were attributed higher humanness when behavioral consequences were unknown or negative, this difference disappeared when consequences were positive, F(1, 607) = 1.42，p = 0.234，ηp2 = 0.002.
These findings enrich our understanding of prosocial behavior and humanness perceptions in complex situations. First, the results run against our intuition that intuitive actors would always be rated as higher in humanness than deliberative actors, and show that individuals’ perceptions of a prosocial actor depend on the interplay among multiple factors such as decision strategy, situational emotionality and behavioral consequences. Second, the studies demonstrate that even for prosocial behavior, which appears to be largely driven by emotions, rationality still plays an important role in the judgments of the actors’ humanness. Third, the results imply that people place a high value on rationality in performing prosocial behavior probably because they implicitly link intuitive prosocial behavior with less positive consequences.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Affect spin reflects the time-fluctuation characteristics of the individual. As non-cognitive personality that measures the intraindividual variability of core affect, affect spin is important for us to understand the individual difference in affect intravariability over time and its mental functions. Relative to affect flux, affect pulse, and other affect variability indicators within the individual, the main advantage of affect spin is that it constructs the position change trajectory in core affect space by using the method independent of reference dimension and experience intensity. And it focuses on temporal characteristics of the naturally occurring core affect state, rather than relies on a certain type of core affect dimension characteristics to explain affect variability. For the measurement, experience sampling method and day reconstruction method are generally adopted, and individuals assess their affect state in the present situation (or recall it) by constructing Affect Grid or performing adjective rating. The acquisition process and conversion method are relatively complicated in that people need to repeatedly track their daily core affect state, and affect spin can be representative as cross-time standard deviation of the vector angle of individual core affect space position within the evaluation period. Affect spin is thought to play a central role in the mental health such that having stable affect would strengthen people’s sense of security and control, thereby enhancing the level of adjustment of their mental health. Instead, when people always change their affects, it is difficult for them to anticipate their lives, and might generate self-conflict. As a result, they may lower their expectations for the future, and furthermore weaken mental health. Based on Affective Events Theory and Dynamics Model of Affect, we suggest that the experience of negative-inducing events and its assessments lead to the individual affect spin, and psychological adjustment, psychological disorders, problem behaviors, etc. are the consequences of affect spin. However, some qualities of mental health, such as interpersonal relationship, are difficult to determine whether it is the cause or the result of affect spin. It is more likely that there is a bidirectional relationship between them. In short, the occurrence and development of affect spin reflect the nature of the process of affect’s temporal dynamic variability on individuals’ physical and mental health, that is, the most fundamental reason that affect spin influences mental health lies in the affect destruction caused by negative events in life. However, the current empirical research about the effect of affect spin on mental health is still very limited. In the future, it is highly suggested to explore the process mechanism of affect spin on mental health. Attention should also be paid to investigate the joint mechanism of affect variability and its stability indicators on mental health function. At the same time, it should be strengthened to examine the influencing process of state affect spin on the individual’s mental health function, especially the dynamic relationship mechanism with the stability of interpersonal relationship.
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract： none
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：水分胁迫是潮土区玉米苗期生长的主要限制性因素, 本研究采用水磷二因素完全随机设计的盆栽试验, 设水分胁迫(W1, 田间持水量的70%~75%)和充分供水(W2, 田间持水量的85%~90%)2 个水分处理; 磷素处理设对照不施磷(P1)、施磷0.05 g·kg1 土(P2)、0.10 g·kg1 土(P3)、0.15 g·kg1 土(P4)和0.20 g·kg1(P5)5 个处理,研究水分胁迫下施磷对玉米苗期叶片光合特性、酶活性及养分吸收的影响, 为潮土区农田水分和磷素合理施用提供科学依据。研究结果表明: 水分胁迫(W1)降低了玉米苗期净光合速率(Pn), W1 较W2 叶片Pn 平均降低了27.96%; 显著提高了玉米苗期丙二醛(MDA)含量, 平均提高41.93%, 水分胁迫还降低了过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。在W1 条件下施磷达到P2 水平叶片Pn 即显著提高27.56%, 而在W2 条件下施磷量只有达到P4、P5 高水平时Pn 才显著提高, 在W1 条件下施磷对MDA 的抑制效果明显弱于W2。W1 条件下施磷量在P3 水平POD 和CAT 活性最高, 而在W2 条件下POD 和CAT 活性在P4 达到最大值。W1 条件下适宜的施磷量(P2 至P4)可以增加苗期玉米植株氮磷含量, 但对钾含量影响较小; 在W2 条件下增施磷有利于植株氮磷含量的增加, 但钾素含量出现降低。综上, 适宜的施磷量对潮土玉米苗期水分胁迫有一定的补偿作用, 在本试验条件下, P3 处理在水分胁迫下更利于光合产物积累和玉米苗期抗逆性提高。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：为明确秸秆颗粒还田在农业生产中推广应用的可行性, 在山东省冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟种植区通过田间微区试验,研究了秸秆不还田(CK)、常规粉碎还田(CCSI)和秸秆颗粒还田(GSI)对耕层土壤养分含量、冬小麦群体茎蘖数、旗叶净光合速率、叶绿素含量、干物质积累及分配和小麦产量的影响。结果表明: 与CK 和CCSI 处理相比, GSI 处理显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮和有效磷的含量; 增加基本苗和分蘖成穗率, 显著提高有效穂数13.23%和16.64%。同时, GSI 处理显著提高灌浆期叶面积指数、旗叶叶绿素含量和净光合速率, 改善开花后旗叶光合性能, 促进地上部干物质积累及其向籽粒的转运。与CK和CCSI 处理相比, GSI 处理的开花后干物质向籽粒的转运量显著提高19.65%和14.75%, 籽粒产量显著提高9.69%和10.71%。 相关分析表明, 穗粒数和千粒重对产量影响不显著, 有效穂数的提高是秸秆颗粒还田增产的主要原因。因此, 秸秆颗粒还田可作为一种安全有效的还田方式, 可在农业生产中推广应用。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2022-08-01 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Traumatic extension knee contractures are clinically common, and the vast majority of patients have gait abnormalities. In clinical rehabilitation, the assessment of gait is mostly carried out using a scale and a balancer. As a scientific and objective assessment method, the dynamic plantar stress test has been widely used in the assessment of lower limb disorders. There are fewer applications of dynamic plantar stress testing in patients with traumatic stretch knee contractures at home and abroad. Objective To explore the distribution of dynamic plantar pressure in patients with traumatic extension knee contracture, and to provide data support for guiding rehabilitation assessment and gait training. Methods 35 patients with traumatic extension knee contractures treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research group, including 17 males and 18 females, aged 14-47 years old, with an average age of 35.23±10.61 years, height 155-180cm, average height of 166.64±6.96 cm, weight of 43-89kg, average weight of 65.03±9.73 kg. According to the Judet knee joint rating standard, the knee flexor range was evaluated, of which 8 cases were excellent, 10 cases were good, 10 cases were fair, and 7 cases were poor.30 cases of normal gait who volunteered to participate in this study in the same period were used as a control group, including 15 males and 15 females, aged 21-66 years old, with an average age of 35.23±10.61 years old, height 150-183 cm, average height of 167.60±9.77 cm, weight 49-94 kg, average weight of 64.47±11.83 kg. ByGait-G6060-5 Gait Analysis System measuring in-strument was used to collect the plantar pressure parameters of two groups of patients, and the step length, step width, pace speed, foot angle, ground contact duration, proportion of plantar partition pressure, total plantar pressure Ad value, COP-X offset, and COP-Y offset of the two groups of subjects were compared and analyzed. Results The step length and pace of the study group were significantly reduced compared with the control group, and the statistical comparison was significant (t =-4.84, P =0.000; t =-2.90, P =0.005); the step width, foot angle and total touch length of the study group were significant compared with the control group(t =2.34, P =0.023; t =2.62, P =0.011; t =2.55, P =0.013); the study group was in the M4 zone (fourth metatarsal), Plantar pressure in M5 (fifth metatarsal) was significantly higher than in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t =3.566, P =0.001; t =3.211, P =0.002); the plantar pressure in the T2 zone (second to fifth toe) was significantly higher than that in the control group (t =2.417, P =0.020); the plantar pressure in the MH zone (medial heel) was significantly lower than that in the control group (t =- 2.874, P =0.006), plantar pressure in the LH zone (lateral heel) decreased significantly from the control group (t =-2.644, P =0.010)；The proportion of AD values on the affected side of the study group was lower than that in the healthy side, and the difference was statistically significant (t =-13.357, P <0.01); the deviation values in the COP-X direction and COP-Y direction of the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t =3.069, P =0.003; t =3.150, P =0.002). Conclusions Patients with traumatic extension knee contracture have short steps, wide steps, slow pace, large foot angles, and bipedal total touch duration, and the lower limbs on the affected side bear less weight when walking, and mainly bear weight on the forefoot and lateral edges of the foot, and the trajectory of the bipedal pressure center increases in lateral and longitudinal shifts, and the shaking is large and the stability is poor when walking.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-05-05 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
WANG Jing
WANG Hui
SONG Shiqun
JI Guanghe
GUO Yakun
YAO Danning
ZHAO Shuhan
LI Duoduo
XIA Ruyu
ZHANG Lishan
Abstract： Background Oral traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has been widely used in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（AECOPD），but the outcome measures of relevant clinical trials have not been standardized and regulated. Objective To screen the published randomized controlled trials（RCTs） of oral TCM in the treatment of AECOPD，summarize the literature characteristics and outcome measures，so as to provide reference for the design of clinical trials and the selection of outcome measures for the treatment of AECOPD with TCM. Methods CNKI，Wanfang Data，VIP，SinoMed，PubMed，Embase，Web of Science，Cochrane Library，ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were systematically searched by computer to obtain RCTs and clinical trial registration protocols for the treatment of AECOPD with oral TCM from January 2018 to October 2022. After independent screening of the literature and extraction of data by 2 researchers，qualitative analysis was used todescribe the selection of outcome measures in the enrolled studies. Results A total of 578 studies were enrolled，including 574 RCTs with reported trial results and 4 clinical trial registration protocols. A total of 51 508 patients were involved in 574 RCTs. In the inclusion criteria，84 studies limited the classification of disease，and 361 studies limited the TCM syndrome type. 6 studies reported the blinding method，and 6 studies mentioned the follow-up. A total of 4 030 outcome measures were covered and the number of outcome measures in a single article ranged from 1 to 24. According to the functional attributes，the outcome measures were classified into 8 measure domains：TCM symptoms/syndromes，symptoms/signs，physical and chemical tests，quality of life，long-term prognosis，economic evaluation，safety evaluation and others. The measure domain with the highest reporting rate was physical and chemical tests，and the top 5 outcome measure items reported in terms of frequency were：response rate（11.5%），forced expiratory volume in 1 s（FEV1） （7.5%），TCM symptom/syndrome score（7.1%），FEV1/Forced Vital Capacity（FVC） （6.8%），FVC（4.6%）. 4445 studies reported the composition of response rate，and the top 5 measures with reporting rate were symptoms （423），signs （281），TCM syndrome score （203），laboratory tests（89），and pulmonary function（71）. Conclusion The RCTs of oral TCM in the treatment of AECOPD involved a large number and a wide range of outcome measures. The included literature focused on the effects of oral TCM on the symptoms and signs，physical and chemical test indicators，quality of life，long-term prognosis，economic evaluation and safety outcomes of patients with AECOPD in varying degrees. However，the selection of outcome measures remains problematic in multiple ways：unclear prioritization of outcome measures；focusing on clinical endpoints with insufficient attention to clinical endpoints；insufficient attention to health economics indicators；different sources and judgment criterias of reference of response. In the future studies，researchers can design the rational outcome measures by refering to the published core outcome set （COS） to improve the quality of TCM clinical research.
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