Perceptions and Experiences of Zero-Time Exercise among Older Adults in Nanchang City: a Qualitative Study postprint

Abstract: Background　In the context of population aging, community-dwelling older adults commonly experience insufficient physical activity and difficulty maintaining regular exercise. Zero-time exercise (ZTEx) is lifestyle-based and fragmented, making it easier to integrate into daily life; however, qualitative evidence on older adults' lived experiences and perceptions of ZTEx remains limited. Objective　To explore how community-dwelling older adults understand ZTEx and its practical characteristics in everyday life, and to provide experience-based evidence for health promotion in older populations. Methods　A qualitative research design was adopted. From April to June 2025, 20 older adults from three communities in Nanchang City were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through non-participant observation and semi－structured interviews, and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step method to identify and summarize themes. Results　Among the 20 participants, 10 were men (50%) and 10 were women (50%), with a mean age of 66.1±3.4 years. Four themes (adoption drivers, exercise patterns, health perceptions, and sustainability challenges) and 12 subthemes were identified. Participants generally perceived ZTEx as a lifestyle-oriented, low-threshold activity strategy, mainly used to maintain daily functional ability, enhance confidence in mobility, and promote self-health management. Continued practice was influenced by differences in understanding exercise intensity and safety, physical functional limitations, and insufficient professional guidance. Conclusion　ZTEx demonstrates good acceptability and practical potential among community-dwelling older adults. However, sustained implementation still depends on further improvements in standardized guidance and community support conditions.