Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-15
Abstract： Scarcity is the perception of insufficient resources within a specific domain, referring to an individual’s perception and cognition when the resources they possess are inadequate compared to what is needed to accomplish a task. Money, as a common incentive in life and a typical example of tangible resource scarcity, has been demonstrated in various studies to impact one’s prosocial behaviors. However, past research on the influence of financial scarcity on prosocial behaviors has largely focused on actions that require significant personal cost, such as donations and cooperation, with relatively less attention given to low-cost prosocial actions—social mindfulness. There is no consensus yet on whether individuals under financial scarcity become more selfish or more generous.Furthermore, social mindfulness, unlike traditional prosocial behaviors, is centrally about perceiving others’ needs and is thus more likely to be influenced by the social information cues of the recipients themselves, but its operation under conditions of financial scarcity remains unclear. Therefore, this study also primarily examines the moderating role of recipients’ own social information cues in the relationship between financial scarcity and social mindfulness./t/nThis study, drawing on scarcity theory and social cognition theory, explores the impact of financial scarcity on individual social mindfulness through three experiments. It also examines the moderating role of recipients’ own social information cues in the relationship between financial scarcity and social mindfulness. Specifically,Experiment 1 is primarily based on the social cognition of others’ charisma, exploring it from the perspective of attractiveness. It includes Experiments 1a and 1b, which respectively investigate the effects of recipients’ facial and vocal attractiveness on financial scarcity and social mindfulness. Experiment 2 focuses on the social cognition of self-presentation, exploring through facial expressions and examining the effects of different face types and expressions of the recipients on financial scarcity and social mindfulness. Experiment 3 is based on the social cognition of renown, assessing the impact of the recipients’ social class status on financial scarcity and social mindfulness./t/nThe experimental results found that compared to the non-financial scarcity group, the financial scarcity group exhibited less social mindfulness. Additionally, the social information cues of the recipients moderated the expression of social mindfulness, with attractive faces, voices, positive emotional expressions, and lower social class status eliciting more social mindfulness. Finally, recipients’ social information cues facilitated the expression of social mindfulness, with a stronger enhancing effect observed in the non-financial scarcity group./t/nThis study expands the research on the relationship between financial scarcity and prosocial behavior, revealing the moderating role of recipients’ social information cues. It provides a theoretical reference for developing interventions aimed at fostering social mindfulness in the future.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-10
Abstract： The Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) is closely associated with individual psychological health. Traditional studies have used the mean value of CAR over several days to explore this relationship; however, research conclusions have been highly inconsistent due to the influence of state-dependent factors such as sleep. Therefore, this study introduces CAR variability across multiple days as a novel measure to quantify CAR and investigates its relationship with psychological health by considering trait anxiety and psychological resilience as key variables under controlled or manipulated sleep efficiency scenarios. It was hypothesized that under controlled sleep efficiency conditions, smaller CAR variability reflects positive psychological health characteristics, specifically higher psychological resilience scores and lower trait anxiety scores. Conversely, under manipulated sleep efficiency conditions, greater CAR variability was hypothesized to better reflect positive psychological health characteristics, specifically higher psychological resilience scores and lower trait anxiety scores. Two experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. In Experiment 1, 28 participants reduced CAR variability by increasing sleep efficiency stability under three similar natural sleep days. In Experiment 2, 41 participants experienced a full night of sleep deprivation following two natural sleep days to increase CAR variability. All participants wore a sleep wristwatch to assess their sleep efficiency during the experimental period and provided four saliva samples at awakening and at 30, 45, and 60 minutes post-awakening to assess CAR. The Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used as key variables reflecting individual psychological health. Finally, the relationship between CAR variability over multiple days and trait anxiety/psychological resilience was examined. Experiment 1 found no significant differences in participants’ sleep efficiency or CAR across the three natural sleep days. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between CAR variability and trait anxiety scores over the three days, indicating that smaller CAR variability in a stable environment is associated with lower levels of trait anxiety. Experiment 2 found no significant differences in participants’ sleep efficiency and CAR across the first two natural sleep days. However, on the third day, following a full night of sleep deprivation, CAR showed a marked blunting, with post-deprivation CAR levels significantly lower than those on the preceding two natural sleep days. Moreover, Experiment 2 found a significant positive correlation between CAR variability before and after sleep deprivation and psychological resilience. This suggests that higher CAR variability in a changing environment is associated with higher levels of psychological resilience. When the traditional CAR mean was used as a measure to explore its relationship with trait anxiety and psychological resilience, no significant correlations were found in either experiment. These results indicate that CAR variability is a reliable physiological indicator of psychological health. Smaller CAR variability in stable environments is associated with lower levels of trait anxiety, whereas greater CAR variability in more variable environments is associated with higher levels of psychological resilience. This study emphasizes the importance of considering CAR variability over multiple days to understand how individuals adapt to daily stressors and challenges, providing new perspectives and evidence for promoting psychological health and designing effective intervention strategies in the future.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-06
Abstract： Bipolar disorder is a highly burdensome and refractory mental disorder, affecting individuals, families, and society. The challenge in bipolar disorder is that the treatment targeting the depressive state often carries the risk of inducing manic state, and vice versa, with the frequency of these alternating cycles often indicating the severity of the illness. Therefore, reducing the frequency of state switching in bipolar disorder patients and gradually achieving a stable state are crucial for effective treatment. The purpose of this study is to propose a psychophysiological model of bipolar disorder state switching. Considering the remarkable potential of the salience network in brain switching, we anchor a model on the functionality of the salience network to analyze and demonstrate the pathways involved in bipolar disorder state switching within the framework of psychophysiological. By focusing on the salience network, this model provides valuable insights into the treatment, patterns of development, and pathophysiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-04-24
Abstract： With the rapid development of the environmental industry, the question of how to encourage consumers to behave environmental-friendly has become crucial. Scholars in the fields of social psychology, environmental psychology, and consumer behavior have explored the antecedents of eco-friendly behavior from a variety of perspectives. However, for policy makers and product producers, more solutions are needed to the questions of how to motivate consumers to engage in eco-friendly behaviors and how to increase consumers’ purchases of environmentally friendly products. In addition, most of the studies have focused on social and individual factors that drive consumers to engage in eco-friendly behaviors, while the contextual factors that are closely related to marketing practices have been paid limited attention, only Li et al. (2023) and Sun et al. (2024) have discussed the same-domain contextual factors that affects the eco-friendly behaviors. Therefore, exploring the antecedents of consumers’ eco-friendly behaviors from a cross-domain perspective can be a powerful addition to the pro-environmental research./t/nBased on this reality, this paper proposes that engaging consumers in creative activities can enhance their willingness to engage in eco-friendly behaviors, self-importance mediated this effect. In addition, we propose that environmental advertising interest appeals moderated the effect. Through six multi-method studies, this paper validates the positive effect of creative activity participation on consumers’ eco-friendly behavior. Specifically, Study 1 provides correlation evidence between creative activity experience and propensity to engage in eco-friendly behavior through data from a large-scale secondary survey. Study 2 verified the causal relationship between participation in creative activities and consumers’ eco-friendly behavior, suggesting that prior participation in creative activities promotes consumers’ subsequent eco-friendly attitudes and behaviors. Study 3 examined the mediation effect of self-importance, and ruled out the alternative explanations based on meaning in life, openness, and abstract thinking. Study 4 demonstrated that the effect was significant (disappeared) when environmental advertisements conveyed personal interest appeals (versus social interest appeals)./t/nThis paper has the following theoretical contributions. First, this paper explores the impact of consumers’ participation in creative activities on their subsequent eco-friendly behavior, a work that on the one hand contributes new outcome variables to the field of creativity research. On the other hand, it also contributes to a new understanding of the link between creativity and pro-social behavior topics. Second, this paper advances research on consumer eco-friendly behavior. Discussing how consumers’ experiences in prior contexts influence their eco-friendly behavior in subsequent contexts can contribute new antecedents to environmental behavior research. Finally, this paper enriches the research on self-importance. The paper reveals that increased self-importance is a key psychological mechanism by which engaging in creative activities can promote eco-friendly behavior, a finding that adds new antecedent and outcome variables to the self-importance literature.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-04-23
Abstract： With the rapid development of economy and society, human beings have put forward higher requirements for the living environment. Environmental conditions are closely related to human psychological activities,have a direct impact on human physical and mental health and economic benefits by intervening in human physical and mental health and economic benefits. Environmental psychology is committed to studying the relationship between environment and human system, exploring the law between people’s thinking, behavior and emotion and environmental materials in different social cultures and environments, and reveals the relationship between human activities and their surrounding environment, so as to seek a sustainable model of mutual adaptation to human and the environment. In order to explore the development of environmental psychology This paper puts to use CNKI database as the research object, uses CiteSpace bibliometry to objectively analyze the relevant literature of environmental psychology, and discusses the research status, research popular projects and development trend of environmental psychology. The results show that: 1) environmental psychology will continue to develop in the direction of people-oriented and steadily embark on the road of humanization, emotional value and spiritual experience; 2) the relevant theories and methods of environmental psychology will be applied to landscape design to optimize environmental quality and promote the coordinated development between people and environment; 3) environmental psychology examines people’s psychological quality and psychological problems under different social environment conditions, which can provide a reference value for improving ideological education and maintaining mental health.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-03-28
Abstract： Psychological and brain science study human behavior and the human brain by study volunteers who participate these studies. Given the mind and behavior of participants influenced by their own biological and social factors, the generalizability of findings in these fields largely depends on the representativeness of samples. However, the representativeness of samples in psychological and brain science has long been criticized as WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic). In recent years, several meta-researches have surveyed the representativeness of samples in published studies across different subfields, but the overall understanding of sample representativeness in psychological and brain science is lacking. In this review, we analyze these meta-researches to provide a more comprehensive perspective on the current state of sample representativeness in the field.
Two major issues were found in these meta-researches. First, much important sample information was never reported in the published studies. Most psychological and brain science studies reported participants’ gender, age, and country, while participants’ race/ethnicity, education level, and socioeconomic status were less commonly reported. Other important demographic variables, such as rural/urban, were reported completely ignored. And from a temporal perspective, the reporting of these demographic variables has increased only slightly in recent years compared to the past. The current situation of neglect in reporting demographic information has not fundamentally changed.
Second, based on the reported information, the current sample in the field is far from being representative of the world population: most participants are young, highly educated Caucasian females in Western countries; middle-aged and older, less educated, disadvantaged people in and outside Western countries are less likely to be studied. In terms of countries, African, Latin American, and Middle Eastern countries appear fewer in psychological and brain science research.
These two issues may be due to the following reasons: convenience sampling as the main sampling method; Western researchers dominating the research of psychology and brain science, with most of the editors-in-chief, editorial board members, and authors coming from Europe and America; traditionally, psychology and brain science under-valued the effect of culture and various demographic factors; the assumption that findings from Western participants can be generalized to all human beings. Addressing the issue of sample representativeness in psychological and brain sciences requires a concerted effort by researchers, academic societies, journals, and funding agencies: Researchers should collect and report detailed demographic information about participants, state the limitations of generalizability, and use sampling methods that can increase representativeness whenever possible (e.g., probability sampling); academic societies should raise the awareness of the representativeness issues by organizing more academic symposium or workshops on this topic; journals should increase the representativeness of editorial board members and encourage more rigorous research with samples from underrepresented groups or studies that examine the generalizability of important findings; funding agencies can encourage researchers to pay more attention to study groups from underrepresented countries, and provide financial support for studying hard-to-research population. Improving sample representativeness will enhance the application of psychological and brain science knowledge to real-life setting and promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-03-13
Abstract： In an era of “litigation explosion”, Chinese judges are faced with the challenge of effectively handling the overwhelming and increasing volume of court cases. To address the dilemma of “too many cases but too few judges”, previous research on judicial practice has mainly focused on improving the efficiency of litigation procedure. However, one critical aspect that has been largely neglected is the underlying psychological response of judges to this challenge, which may play a pivotal role in the effectiveness and quality of judicial decision making. To address this gap, the current research adopted a person-centered perspective, aiming to uncover the role played by the prevalent feeling of time poverty, the feeling of not having enough time to accomplish all work-related task, among judges. We delved into the antecedents that triggered judges’ perception of time poverty, explored the consequences it had on judicial work, and unraveled the mechanisms through which time poverty influences the quality and efficiency of judicial decisions.
Based on the grounded theory method, we conducted in-depth interviews with judges recruited through a purposeful sampling method. Specifically, participants consisted of judges (N = 51) who came from various regions across North China, Central China, and Southeast China, and who worked for local People’s Courts at various levels (i.e., the primary, intermediate, and high People’s Court) with tenures ranging from one to thirty-six years, ensuring a diverse representation of perspectives and experiences. The current study constructed an integrated model that elucidated the antecedents and consequences of the perception of time poverty within the realm of the judiciary.
Findings revealed that (1) a mismatch between job demands, which was increased due to the numerous and detailed workloads and the burden of assessment requirements, and resources, which was decreased due to insufficient staffing, contributed to judges’ time poverty at work, and (2) the mismatch between job demands and resources urged the judges to speed up judicial decisions as well as to prolong their working hours, which in turn damaged the quality and effectiveness of judicial decisions.
By examining judges’ feelings of time poverty at work, the current study employed a person-centered perspective that complements the normative approach of extant legal science research and elucidated the mechanism that underlies the formation of judges’ time poverty and its judicial consequences. Findings of the current study provide theoretical insight into the challenge of case overload in China through a psychological perspective and offer practical implications for policymakers to overcome the challenge by prioritizing the feelings and needs of judges.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-02-26
Abstract： Social hierarchies are dynamic multidimensional systems. The dominance route via aggression and threat to acquire resources has evolved under intense sexual selection pressure. By contrast, the competence route, which emphasizes the role of knowledge/skill in gaining status, is a consequence of the evolution of cultural learning driven by the increasing sophistication of foraging techniques. However, the virtue route characterized by psychological altruism is thought to be unique to human-being, and is the result of cultural evolution favoring large-scale collective actions. The three routes are different in the scope of existence, behavioral pattern and outcome, evolutionary cause and emotional medium. Future research could further clarify the relationship between sexual selection patterns and dominance levels in different species. Multi-discipline studies may also be adopted to explore the human environment in which the competence route has evolved, as well as the biological basis of the virtue route.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-01-20
Shunsen Huang
Xiaoxiong Lai
Cai Zhang
Xinmei Zhao
Xinran Dai
Mengdi Qi
Huanlei Wang
Wenrong Wang
Yun Wang
Abstract： Adolescents frequently encounter elevated levels of digital stress by exposure to digital media (e.g., smartphone stress). Their ongoing brain development increases adolescents’ susceptibility to digital stress, making them more vulnerable to its adverse effects. Among digital devices, smartphones are the most widely used ones by adolescents and a primary source of digital stress. The current study aims to investigate the robust association between digital stress, specifically smartphone stress, and adolescent mental health. The study also aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of this association.
In Study 1, a multiverse-style analysis was employed to investigate the robust relationship between smartphone stress and mental health (depression and well-being) in a large sample of adolescents (N=74,178, male=39,129). This method was chosen for its robustness of various data manipulations to test the effect of interest, and median β and NSRPD (number of significant results in predominant direction) were used as statistical inference indicators of the effect. In Study 2, we conducted an intensive longitudinal design to examine the mechanism of how smartphone stress affects mental health among adolescents (N=477, female=214, Mage=12.67±.31). Before intensive longitudinal design, we assessed smartphone stress, well-being, and depression (T1). Subsequently, daily rumination (consecutive 17 days, T2) and daily negative mood (consecutive 18 days, T3) were assessed over a 35-day period. Upon intensive longitudinal design, we once again measured well-being and depression (T4). We found that rumination, negative emotion (NE), and rumination-NE (serial mediation) mediate the link between smartphone stress and mental health (smartphone stress-depression model, smartphone stress-well-being model).
Study 1 indicated that over half of adolescents (52.6% of grade 4 students and 78.2% of grade 8 students) experienced smartphone stress. Furthermore, smartphone stress strongly and robustly predicted depression (Median β = 0.37, p < 0.001, NSRPD = 160/160, p < 0.001, partial r2 = 0.172) and well-being (Median β = -0.14, p < 0.001, NSRPD = 160/160, p < 0.001, partial r2 = 0.011). Effect sizes from both outcomes (partial r2 > .010) are capable to inform policy and the public sphere. Study 2 revealed that rumination intensity, negative emotion intensity, and rumination-negative emotion intensity mediate the relationship between smartphone stress and depression. However, no mediation was found for rumination or negative emotion fluctuation. In smartphone stress-well-being model, negative emotion intensity and rumination-negative emotion intensity, but not rumination intensity, mediated the association between smartphone stress and well-being. Moreover, negative emotion and rumination-negative emotion fluctuation, but not rumination fluctuation, mediated the association between smartphone stress and well-being. Therefore, the intensity and fluctuation of rumination and negative emotion are common mediators in the relationship between smartphone stress and depression/well-being, while the effects of mechanisms are outcome-dependent.
The findings pinpoint the significant and robust effect of smartphone stress on depression and well-being among adolescents. The mediation of rumination and negative emotion in the relationship between smartphone stress and mental health probes into the mechanism of this relationship. These results support classic theories (e.g., the Emotional Cascade Model) and confirm and enrich the recent Media use-Digital stress-Mental health model. These findings could also inform future interventions for mental health problems related to smartphone stress.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-01-17
Abstract： The left Angular Gyrus (LAG) is a critical brain region for semantic processing in the cognitive neuroscience of language. Increasing attention has been paid to the function of LAG in lexical-semantic processing since its function has not been consistently understood. Anatomically, the LAG is located at the junction of the temporal, occipital, and parietal lobes, with extensive white matter fiber bundles, determining that it may integrate information across regions. Researchers have proposed the LAG as the "convergence zone" in semantic representation and processing, as it is activated in high-level semantic representation, conjunctive representation of modalities and feature information, semantic relationship representation, and semantic integration processing. However, there are still debates about the LAG regarding the semantic representation hub, semantic executive control processing, and semantic processing of the default mode network. Future studies should comprehensively consider its anatomical basis and connections with a wide range of brain regions, and conduct in-depth and detailed discussions on the function of the LAG subregion.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-01-09
Abstract： In order to explore the influencing factors of Internet short video addiction among "Generation Z" college students, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 college students under the framework of PERMA theory of positive psychology. The results showed that: (1) under the framework of PERMA, there were significant differences in grade level and physical health among college students in terms of anxiety, depression, academic engagement, relationship satisfaction, academic achievement, and Internet short video addiction (P<0.05); (2) meaning in life partially mediated between academic engagement and short video addiction; (3) meaning in life partially mediated between academic achievement and short video addiction; (4) anxiety and depression chain-mediated between relationship satisfaction and short video addiction. Therefore, the structural equation modeling was established that Generation Z college students' anxiety, depression, academic engagement, relationship satisfaction, meaning in life, and academic achievement affect online short video addiction under the PERMA framework.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-01-04
Abstract： In the past decade, researchers in psychological science have introduced new research practices to address issues such as publication bias: pre-registration without peer-review, peer-reviewed registered reports, and registered replication reports. Many journals in the field have accepted registered reports as a new article type, and the numbers of platforms and templates for pre-registration increased significantly. However, criticisms of pre-registration and registered reports still exist, some stemming from misunderstandings, while other criticisms pointed out practical challenges in implementing pre-registration and registered reports. Findings from meta-research revealed that registered reports alleviated the publication bias and improved the quality of research, while pre-registration without peer review failed to achieve similar results. Promoting a wider adoption of pre-registration and registered reports will further improve the openness, reproducibility, and rigor of research, and it requires the concerted efforts of all stakeholders, including individual researchers, academic institutes, and publishers.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2023-12-29
Abstract： Identity, as the starting point for the entrepreneurial behavior and outcomes of female social entrepreneurs, is crucial in addressing the key issues they face - gaining legitimacy and enhancing entrepreneurial performance. However, there is still a lack of research on the relationship between female social entrepreneurs’ identity strategies and legitimacy acquisition, as well as on the underlying mechanisms of how identity integration enhances social entrepreneurial performance. Therefore, this study follows the progressive logic of “identity strategy-legitimacy acquisition- performance impact” to carry out three sub-studies. First, based on the identity theory, we explored the impact of identity strategies on women’s social entrepreneurial decision-making through experimental conjoint analysis. Second, based on the institutional logic perspective, we used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the configurational impact of identity strategies on legitimacy acquisition. Finally, we constructed a theoretical model based on the identity theory to analyze the impact of female social entrepreneurs’ identity integration on social entrepreneurial performance. This model reveals the mediating role of legitimacy and the moderating role of social bricolage. Our research findings can help guide female social entrepreneurs to develop a clear self-cognition and make informed entrepreneurial decisions to successfully gain legitimacy, thus enhancing social entrepreneurial performance.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology submitted time 2023-12-19
Abstract： Homotopic positions are defined as the two areas with opposite but equal horizonal coordinates in the standard symmetric brain space. Characterizing similarity between two homotopic areas, brain homotopy represents a typical feature of the brain’s two hemispheres for both structure and function. Functional homotopy provides important perspectives for understanding neural correlates of cognition and behavior. Despite the decisive role of spatial geometric constraints and homophilic attachment on the human connectome, traditional practices in mapping functional homotopy only considered the temporal correlations of functional timeseries between homotopic areas, but ignored the homophily factors in generative connectivity models. Here, we proposed a novel method for functional homotopy analysis, namely Homotopic Functional Affinity (HFA). This method quantifies the homotopic affinity as the Cosine distance of the full-brain functional connectivity profiles or fingerprints between the homotopic areas. HFA captures both geometric constraints (homotopic location) and homophily (affinity) simultaneously. By leveraging the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the Chinese HCP (CHCP), we mapped the 700ms-2mm high spatiotemporal resolution HFA and evaluated its test-retest reliability with linear mixed models, exhibiting generally fair-to-substantial reliable measurements of individual differences in HFA. The lowest HFA observed in the temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) inspired to perform an edge-detection algorithm on its surface render and derived three clearly differentiable and adjacent TPJ subregions: the anterior TPJ (TPJa), the central TPJ (TPJc), and the posterior TPJ (TPJp). We further validated the HFA for the three TPJ regions through a set of comprehensive analyses, including the delineation of their functional connectivity fingerprints, the meta-analysis of their cognitive functions, and the their task-activation correlation. Finally, we linked the cortical HFA map to those multimodal brain maps of gene expression, evolution, myelination, functional hierarchy, and cognitive association. The systematic subregion analysis revealed the complex hemispheric specialization of TPJ in attention, social cognition, and language functions. In general, functional specialization of the TPJ areas was stronger in the left hemisphere. The findings from the task activation correlation were highly consistent with those of the meta-analysis. Notably, there were significant differences in social cognition relevant to the three TPJ areas between HCP and CHCP datasets. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of multimodal brain maps illustrated a close relationship between the HFA map and multimodal brain maps. The consistency of maps derived in distinct analyses demonstrated the feasibility of HFA in further understanding psychological and behavioral mechanisms on neural lateralization from the perspective of hemispheric functional integration and specialization. We believe that HFA will create a new arena for brain mapping in population neuroscience studies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-11-22
Abstract： The unique Chinese first name "Zhaodi" (招娣) offers an intriguing lens to examine provincial variations in son preference and its deep-rooted ties to clan culture. While most first names carry implicit or ambiguous meanings, "Zhaodi" stands out as it explicitly signifies parents' fervent hope for a male child next. At a provincial level, the prevalence of the name "Zhaodi" can be viewed as an indicator of son preference. Clan culture, deeply intertwined with Confucianism, emphasizes a patriarchal lineage and distinct social norms, such as sons enjoying more privileges than daughters. Though clan culture permeates throughout China, its intensity varies across provinces. This study aims to investigate the provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi" and its correlation with clan culture. We hypothesize that regions with a stronger clan culture are more likely to name their daughters "Zhaodi".
Data on the prevalence of "Zhaodi" and clan culture across provinces were sourced from public government databases. Initially, the frequency of "Zhaodi" was obtained from www.gjzwfw.gov.cn, considering the top 10 popular surnames. Subsequently, female population data was sourced from the National Bureau of Statistics (www.stats.gov.cn). The prevalence of "Zhaodi" was then computed by dividing the frequency of "Zhaodi" by the female population, adjusted per million (ppm) for each province. Clan culture strength was determined by the prevalence of "jiapu", as per the methodology of Greif and Tabellini (2017). Data on "jiapu" was sourced from the National Jiapu Platform of the Shanghai Library (www.library.sh.cn). Control variables included modernity, percentage of rice paddy, climate demand, latitude, societal tightness, and population density.
Results indicated significant provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi", χ²(473236764,17) = 99874, p < .001. Jiangxi had the highest prevalence at 537 ppm, while Chongqing had the lowest at 2 ppm among the 18 provinces studied. Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between the prevalence of "Zhaodi" and clan culture, r(18)=.51, p =.03; r(18) =.70, p =.001. Regression analysis further confirmed that clan culture positively predicts the prevalence of "Zhaodi", β(18)=.51, p = .046.
This study underscores the provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi" and establishes a positive correlation with clan culture. These insights enrich cultural psychology by quantitatively assessing the impact of clan culture, a feat rarely achieved. Furthermore, it highlights the societal implications of the name "Zhaodi" as an indicator of son preference.
Conclusion: This research reveals significant provincial variations in the naming of "Zhaodi" and establishes a positive correlation between such naming practices and the strength of clan culture.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-10-20
Abstract： The self is an important concept in the research of personality psychology and social psychology. Since the rise of cultural psychology in recent decades, many Chinese indigenous psychologists are involved in constructing a Chinese self-theory that fits the characteristics of Chinese society, history, and culture. The existing Chinese self-theories or self-models can be divided into three categories: individualism/ collectivism oriented Chinese self-theories, differential pattern oriented Chinese self-theories, and protogenetic symbol oriented Chinese self-theories.
The individualism/ collectivism oriented Chinese self-theories inherited from the individualism/collectivism dimension in culturology, in the same line with the self-construal theory that divided the cultural self-construal into the independent self and interdependent self, which emerged from the comparison with the western mainstream modern civilization. The most representative individualism/ collectivism oriented Chinese self-theories include the “four-part theory of Chinese self” proposed by Yang Kwo-Shu, the “dual-cultural self-theory” suggested by Hong Ying-Yi, and the “composite self-theory” proposed by Lu Luo. These theories generally nested the individual orientation and social orientation, and the independent self and interdependent self to construct the modern Chinese self that is now expanding into a multicultural convergence theory of the self.
The differential pattern oriented Chinese self-theories developed from Fei Xiao-Tong’s differential pattern theory, which described the Chinese traditional social structure. From a psychological point of view, the differential pattern of social form is a kind of internalized psychological differential pattern, the connotation of which is that under the premise of individual-centeredness, other people around the individual are given different values and meanings and pulled into the concentric circles of self-identity, forming a self-centered form with differential order. On this basis, Yang Chung-Fang, Yang Yi-Yin, Zhai Xue-Wei, and so on, made further development. These theories lean in the direction of sociological research, focusing on the extrapolation of the Chinese self in the context of ethical structures and social relations.
The protogenetic symbol oriented Chinese self-theories took a different approach and tried to construct a theory or model of the Chinese self by using typical symbols or illustrations with symbolic meanings in traditional Chinese culture, the most representative of which are the Mandala model of self proposed by Hwang Kwang-Kwo and the Taiji model of self proposed by Wang Feng-Yan et al.
The theoretical research of the Chinese self has shown the features: (1) the self theories have grown from nothing and expanded from one-way to diversified; (2) the self theories have developed from imitation to innovation; and (3) the tools to research about the self are gradually diversified, but the theory and empirical studies still need to be further combined. An understanding of the outline of the developmental process of the Chinese self-theories will help to understand the rich connotation of the Chinese self-view and lay a solid foundation for further research on the Chinese self.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-10-07
Abstract： Existing studies on the relationship between school connectedness and depression have produced inconsistent results. To clarify the extent to which school connectedness is associated with depression, and whether these associations differed according to the study or sample characteristics, a three-level meta-analysis of 87 included studies (206 effect sizes) was conducted. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between school connectedness and depression but only to a medium extent(r = –0.39, df = 205, p < 0.001). Additionally, the relationship between school connectedness and depression was found to be moderated by the percentage of female students, mean age of participants, measurement of depression, and data characteristics. No significant moderating effects were found for the measurement of school connectedness, culture, or publication year. School connectedness is a protective factor for depression. Interventions targeting depression should be aware of school connectedness.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Clinical and Counseling Psychology submitted time 2023-09-19
Abstract：自20世纪70年代末伊始，精神分析领域的许多流派都发生了一种主体间转向。其中，布伯的对话哲学对理解精神分析的主体间互动具有重要启示，但这种探索有待深入。在结合众多现象学家的论述之后，可以将布伯区分的我-它关系和我-你关系视为两种最基本的人际关系模式。在精神分析中，我你关系主要表现为：（1）互动双方能充分投入到当下的对话之中，进行全身心地回应，在非言语交流和语言交流层面完成匹配；（2）当产生冲突之时，双方能够就意见不一致的地方进行协商，甚至在关系破裂之后努力修复。这种主体间互动模式在安全型依恋和一些良好的咨访关系中可以看到。我它关系更多意味着单向地操纵他人，以此满足自身的各种需求（如安全需要和自恋需要）。在极端的我它关系模式中，他人只是我的一种延伸，在我的需要和预期之外的各种情感、观念和行为，往往被漠视。这种主体间互动模式在自恋者、精神变态者、癔症来访者、躁狂者和强迫者等适应不良的个体那里很常见，也广泛存在于在日常生活中。我它关系的操纵过程可以通过语言、情绪和身体行动等途径来完成。此外，海德格尔描述的从上手状态转变为现成在手状态的三个阶段（触目、腻味和窘迫）可以用于理解人际操纵从成功到失败的变化，为来访者更替不良的互动模式提供转机。未来的精神分析研究可以在此基础上深入探索。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2023-08-19
Abstract： Based on the dual perspective of cognitive pathway and transparency , this research conducts a meta-analysis of 108 empirical results from 40 nudge studies published in Behavioral Public Policy(2017~2022) and Behavioral Science & Policy(2015~2022). This research systematically evaluates the effectiveness of nudging interventions, compares advantages of nudging measures in terms of different cognitive pathways and transparency, explores the influencing factors of heterogeneity in nudging effects, and analyzes the interactive effects of cognitive pathways, transparency, and influencing factors on nudging effectiveness. Our analysis reveals that:（1）The comprehensive effect of nudging intervention is relatively small, and the effect of nudging tools in different studies shows significant differences;（2）There are differences in nudging effectiveness between different cognitive pathways and transparency, and there is an interactive effect between cognitive pathway and transparency on nudging effectiveness;（3）The effectiveness of nudge is influenced by research designs and behavioral domains. The cognitive pathways through which nudge works, the transparency of nudge design, and influencing factors of heterogeneity have complex interactive effects on nudging effectiveness.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology Subjects: Linguistics and Applied Linguistics >> Linguistics and Applied Linguistics submitted time 2023-07-12
Abstract： The visual world paradigm (VWP) assesses real-time language processing by tracking and measuring eye movements in visual contexts. Linking hypotheses, such as the coordinated interplay account and the goal-based linking hypothesis, establish the link between eye movements and the cognitive processes of language comprehension. Time sensitivity is characteristic of the data generated by this paradigm. Analytical methods include the analysis of fixation proportions within time windows, divergence point analysis and growth-curve analysis, etc. Studies using the VWP provide important evidence for speech and lexical recognition, syntactic parsing, semantic integration, and the processing of discourse and pragmatic information.
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