Subjects: Geosciences >> Atmospheric Sciences submitted time 2023-05-30 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： An unusual winter synoptic process of mixed rain and snow with strong airborne dustfall occurred in Xinjiang, northwestern China from November 30 to December 3, 2018. Based on the meteorological records, environmental monitoring data, and continuous atmospheric dustfall observations, we analyzed the characteristics of the air pollutants during the synoptic process and studied their impact on the environment. The results showed that, during this anomalous synoptic process, >90% of the oasis cities in Xinjiang Province, China were affected by the atmospheric particulate pollution. The inhalable particulate matter comprised mostly coarse particles. This abnormal synoptic process caused the concentration of particulate matter to rapidly rise with PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm) concentration in Xinjiang reaching a maximum of 4745 μg·m-3. The occurrence of strong winds in the Xinjiang cities was highly positively correlated with the elevated PM10 concentration and air quality index. This synoptic process resulted in a total atmospheric dust deposition of approximately 0.9- 1.52 million tons in the provincial capital city of Urumqi. The average airborne dustfall intensity in Urumqi was 85 g·m-2, exceeding the city’s annual average by 60%. This anomalous winter rain and snow mixed with eolian dust caused severe pollution of the atmosphere as well as intense atmospheric dustfall. Under the action of atmospheric circulation with jet streams, enormous amounts of particulates were transported to the oasis areas, seriously deteriorating the quality of the atmosphere in the urban environment. The Taklamakan Desert is the main pollution source for these strong winter dustfall events in Xinjiang, northwestern China.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The cross-border railways and oil and gas pipelines along the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor are key hubs and channels supporting the regional cooperation and development. It is very important to complete scientific regionalization of ecological risk of China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor and put forward suggestions to guarantee smooth construction and safe cross-border traffic project. By establishing ecological risk evaluation model, we quantitatively analyzed the ecological risk of China Mongolia#2;Russia Economic Corridor, and regionalized high, middle, and low risk. We put forward the ecological risk prevention and control countermeasures for China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. It shows that the ecological risk areas are distributed along the “two belts and one line”. The risk of desertification is along the China-Mongolia-Russia cross-border traffic belt, the risk of permafrost is along the China-Russia cross-border traffic belt and the China-Russian crude oil pipeline. The proposed suggestions are designated to prevent and control ecological risk from the perspectives of promoting ecological civilization to realize a “two-highs and three-lows” mode; constructing of a green economic corridor, optimizing the industrial structure, actively establishing a four-tier circular economy system, and developing green circular industries; innovating technical biological engineering; establishing system and mechanism of an international cooperation and monitoring ecological risk network system along China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. We provide scientific technic support for rationally building cross-border railways and pipelines, avoiding and preventing ecological risks in China#2;Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. It will be decision-making basis to promote regional green and sustainable development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Highways and railways are important infrastructures of land transportation. The blown-sand hazard control of traffic arteries in sandy areas has always been one important issue in the national economy and society. In view of the characteristics of aeolian environment and the demand for safe operation of traffic arteries, China has carried out a large number of sand hazard control experiment and practices mainly on technology innovation of materials, measures, comprehensive system, maintenance, summed up four configuration patterns of sand control system, and created some patterns of sand hazard control technology for desert traffic arteries in different aeolian environments with Chinese characteristics, the patterns have been applied successfully in the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Tarim Desert Highway and Open Channel in Gurbantunggut Desert. China’s achievements in the sand hazard control for land transportation arteries have a broad application prospect in sandy areas in the world, especially in the countries along the Belt and Road.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The connotation of “sand industry” is to utilize the desert resources in the process of prevention and control of desertification effectively, and expand the space of energy-saving green agricultural industry. This paper overviews the technological advances about Cistanche deserticola planting industry, introduces the development trend of Cistanche deserticola industry and advanced planting technology especially, analyzes and estimates economic benefits of Cistanche deserticola planting, finally, views the application and popularization perspective of Cistanche deserticola planting technologically.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2022-12-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：
Plant habit (form) is the main factor in determining the function of different plants in maintaining vegetative cover under wind erosion. Knowing the effects of different forms of herbaceous plants against wind erosion in a sandy desertified area can provide valuable references for ecological restoration measures. In this study, we conducted wind tunnel experiments to measure the erosion rate under three forms of herbaceous plants (creeping, globular, and plexiform) under different extents of vegetative cover (25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and 45%). Aerodynamic roughness increased, and wind speed was reduced with the increase in vegetative cover, for all three plant forms. However, under low coverage, the wind erosion inhibition rate differed greatly among the different plant forms; the sand fixation ability of globular and creeping plants was higher than that of the plexiform plants. The plant type with high wind erosion inhibition efficiency can achieve the sand fixation effect of the plant type with low wind erosion inhibition efficiency under the condition of high coverage. At 30% coverage, the wind erosion inhibition efficiency of creeping and globular plants was 47.55% and 55.70% , respectively, which was not much different than the efficiency of plexiform plants at 40% (48.46% ) and 45% (56.94% ) coverage, respectively. The wind erosion inhibition efficiency of the three types of herbaceous plants increased linearly with the increase in coverage. The smaller the coverage, the greater the difference among the three plants. The wind erosion rate of the three plant forms was lowest in creeping, followed by globular, and highest in plexiform. Conversely, the wind erosion inhibition rate was highest in creeping, followed by globular, and lowest in plexiform
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2022-08-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：对新疆S214省道台特玛湖干涸湖盆段防沙体系内外的风沙流输沙和风速进行了同步观测，数据分析表明：观测时防沙体系中阻固沙带已拦截了大量风沙，虽近地表风速被削弱程度不大，但风沙流输沙的43.26%仍可被防沙体系所拦截和固定，而剩余部分则可借助路侧输沙带的较大风力输移到公路下风侧，且不产生路面沙害，表明阻固输结合型防沙体系非常适宜单风向强风沙环境。S214省道防沙实践可为其他强风沙环境公路防沙提供重要借鉴经验。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-12-12 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：中蒙俄经济走廊建设是“一带一路”的重要组成部分，将丝绸之路经济带与俄罗斯欧亚大铁路、蒙古国“草原之路”对接联通，对推进区域经济合作发挥着重要作用。区域自然灾害防治是陆路交通干线建设与安全运营的重要关键。中蒙俄经济走廊蒙古高原段在气候变化和人类活动共同作用下，草场退化及风蚀荒漠化问题较为普遍，风沙（雪）害防治则是区域交通干线安全保障的重要课题。结合前人相关的试验理论分析，基于多次大范围实地考察，本文综述了当前蒙古高原交通干线的风沙（雪）害的主要类型及发生机制，预判了路面积沙是未来高等级公路的主要沙害类型；针对现有公路和铁路及未来高等级公路的风沙（雪）危害，结合蒙古高原的生态环境特点，制定了相应防治技术方案和建设性建议，可为蒙古高原段交通干线建设提供科技支撑。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：以新疆S214省道沙害防治区段为背景，应用CFD（computational fluid dynamics）数值模拟方法分析了高立式芦苇沙障周围的风沙流场，结果表明： 高立式芦苇沙障周围流场可分为迎风侧减速区，上方加速区和背风侧恢复区，背风侧无明显涡流区生成，沙障间的合理间距与风速呈负相关。现场布置模式对20 m·s-1的风沙流有较好防护效果，低于此风速时，第二道沙障背风侧基本无恢复区生成，后两道沙障迎风侧积沙较多且紧贴沙障分布，压埋沙障速度较快。通过相贴原理优化沙障间距，可以充分发挥各道沙障的防护作用，有效抵御风沙流侵袭，适当延长沙障使用年限。根据前人观测数据、现场调查和数值模拟结果，建议研究区内高立式芦苇沙障间距宜为20～25 m。该研究结果可为研究区内高立式芦苇沙障的合理布置提供理论依据，也可为其他风沙防护工程的建设提供参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-01-06 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地的沙粒胶结体（Sand Cemented Bodies,SCB）为研究对象，通过野外自然状态下吹蚀不同沙粒胶结体覆盖度的沙盘，计算沙面风蚀（积）量，并对覆盖度与风蚀率、抗风蚀效率的关系进行分析。结果表明：风蚀量随沙粒胶结体覆盖度的增加而减小，随吹蚀时间的增加而增加；当覆盖度大于30%时，沙面发生风沙堆积，且堆积量随覆盖度和吹蚀时间的增加而增加；沙粒胶结体的抗风蚀效率随覆盖度的增加而线性增大。沙面蚀积转化临界覆盖度为30%左右，且该覆盖度下床面抗风蚀效益最佳。通过对比沙粒胶结体抗风蚀效益的风洞模拟和野外实验，表明风况、风速、沙粒胶结体粒径组合不同可导致沙面蚀积差异和临界覆盖度不同。因此，塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地发育的沙粒胶结体具有很好的风蚀抑制功能，可作为流沙固定新措施继续研究开发。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2019-01-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：新疆荒漠具有分布广泛、成因复杂、类型多样等特点。利用新疆数字地貌图结合Landsat卫星TM数据与GIS制图技术，通过长期野外调查结合有关资料编制荒漠类型图，获得荒漠类型面积数据，据此探讨荒漠分布规律、结构特征、形成演变，并提出利用和保护荒漠的建议。主要结果和结论如下：（1）新疆荒漠具有水平地带性分布与垂直地带性分布的规律及非地带性分布特点，荒漠多分布于干旱程度较高的南疆和东部吐鲁番及哈密地区，东部荒漠占新疆面积的45.86 %，占东部区域面积的91.77 %。（2）荒漠分布广，面积大，总面积达1 31.3 104 km2，占新疆面积的80.55 %。荒漠类型面积最大的是沙漠为42.7104 km2，占荒漠面积32.49 %，泥漠面积仅10 638.5104 km2，占0.81 %。（3）荒漠类型复杂多样，成因各异，有沙漠、砾漠、盐漠等11种类型，分别主要由气候、地貌、地表物质组成、人为作用等因素单独或共同作用所形成。（4）受自然环境变化与人为作用，荒漠类型之间、荒漠类型与其它地物之间可发生演变。（5）各种荒漠类型的要素特征不同，宜合理利用荒漠资源，划分荒漠环境退化敏感区，保护荒漠环境，针对不同荒漠类型采取适应保护措施，以保障区域可持续发展。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：新月形沙丘是风蚀荒漠化过程中伴随的重要风积地貌类型，在以往的研究中主要侧重于沙丘体表面动力学过程，而关于沙丘在风蚀荒漠化过程中的作用鲜有报道。本文在台特玛湖的干涸湖盆区（曾经的塔里木河尾闾湖），采用测钎法，实地测定了新月形沙丘周围地表的蚀积变化，同时采用室内风洞模拟了典型新月形沙丘地表的气流分布模式，系统分析了新月形沙丘对地表蚀积影响的作用机理。结果表明：在新月形沙丘影响下，沙丘周围地表风蚀强度不均一，在沙丘迎风坡前区和沙丘左右翼，风蚀深度略大于不受沙丘影响区（CK），但单位面积平均净蚀积量接近平衡状态；在沙丘背风坡前区以风积为主，而在背风侧尾流区，地表以风蚀为主，且随着沙丘体积增加，单位面积平均净风蚀量也略有增大。在内陆干旱区干涸湖盆风蚀荒漠化过程中，新月形沙丘通过改变地表流场结构，使风沙流饱和度发生空间分异，从而影响了下伏地表蚀积的空间分布，尤其加剧了背风侧尾流区的风蚀，使新的风蚀面裸露，破坏沉积层结构，促进了河湖相沉积平原风蚀荒漠化的发展。
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2018-09-03 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为评估多种土壤调理剂（羧甲基纤维素钠、磷石膏和生物炭）对风沙土理化性质及植物生长的影响，以不同比例混合的改良剂和风沙土进行棉花盆栽实验，测定分析土壤理化性质及植物生长状况的变化，并运用主成分分析（PCA）和加权求和相结合的方法，构建改良效果评价体系，从而筛选得到最佳调理剂及其配比。结果表明：与对照相比，风沙土容重和pH减小，孔隙度、有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾增大，全钾含量变化不大；同时棉花株高、基茎和生物量均大幅增加。由综合评价方程计算得出，高灌水量下改良处理综合得分明显高于低灌水量下，高灌水量下生物炭处理综合得分最高，其次为磷石膏处理，羧甲基纤维素钠处理得分最低，综合得分排序为：CG3> CG2> CG1> BG3> BG2> AG3> BG1> AG2> AG1，其中施加生物炭45 g kg-1处理的改良效果最好，得分为4.69。
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-10 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：为探究古尔班通古特沙漠南缘莫索湾地区33 年来人工梭梭林群落(依靠天然降水)的生态特征, 本文对两种造林技术(积雪-客沙造林和秋灌造林)人工梭梭林地梭梭的长势、草本植物、土壤水分进行了调查和监测。结果表明: ①积雪-客沙造林和秋灌造林梭梭至今生长良好, 目前植株高度和冠幅均大于2 m 和2 m2, 当年新生枝条长度均大于20 cm; 初始造林梭梭存活率较高, 分别为40%和63%; 经过自然更新, 现有密度均有所提高, 人工林形成异龄复层混交林, 林下生长有不同优势种的草本植物; 土壤含水量均>2.00%, 能够满足梭梭生长。②由于两种造林技术的土地处理方式和初期水分供给量不同, 导致两种林地梭梭生长、林下草本植物盖度和多样性以及天然更新梭梭植株数量均有很大差异, 整体秋灌造林地的状况优于积雪-客沙造林地。③两种造林技术对于当地生态条件均有很好的适应性, 虽然积雪客沙造林密度相对较低, 但优于自然植被状况, 且造林成本低;秋灌造林密度较大, 天然更新植株数量较多, 但造林成本高, 后期生长较缓慢, 需要采取一定的人工措施调整密度。综上可知, 积雪-客沙造林和秋灌造林梭梭目前生长均较稳定, 后者对该区生态条件适应性更强。
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