Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2023-08-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the main connotation and important impact of scientific research paradigm change from both theoretical and practical perspectives. On the theoretical level, starting with Kuhn and his The Structures of the Scientific Revolution, this study explores the logical essence of the concept of “paradigm”. At the practical level, through various forms such as questionnaires and interviews, the three connotations of scientific research paradigm change in the new era have been condensed. Namely, solving systematic and complex problems has become the main driving force for scientific research paradigm change in the new era, simulation and data science may become effective breakthroughs in promoting scientific research paradigm change, and organizational innovation in scientific research activities has become the foundation for promoting scientific research paradigm change. On this basis, it analyzes the current problems in China’s response to the transformation of research paradigms, and proposes the corresponding policy recommendations.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-05-04 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Major hepatectomy for liver malignancies carries with large risks. Perioperative nutritional support plays a vital role for postoperative recovery. However，there arefew studies focusing on predictions of postoperative complications and prognosis using postoperative loss of skeletal muscle mass（PLSMM） in acute stage after major hepatectomy. Objective To identify the change inskeletal muscle index（SMI），and to investigate risk factors for PLSMM，as well as its correlation with postoperative complications after major hepatectomy for liver cancer. Methods A total of 97 patients who received major hepatectomy for liver cancer from Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery，the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University between July 2018 and August 2022 were included. The preoperative and postoperative day 5 skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebra level was measured，respectively，using computed tomographic images. The postoperative change rate of SMI was calculated. The PLSMM was defined as the lowest tertile of the percent change in SMI，according to which the patients were divided into PLSMM and non-PLSMM group. Baseline data，surgical and postoperative indices were collected and analyzed. Results SMI was decreased in 54 patients postoperatively. Thirty-two and 65 patients were assigned to PLSMM group（SMI ≤ -3.59%） and non-PLSMM group（SMI>-3.59%），respectively. Compared with non-PLSMM group，PLSMM group had longer operation time，more intraoperative blood loss and higher ratio of microvascular invasion（MVI）（ P<0.05）. Moreover，PLSMM group had longer postoperative hospital stay，higher levels of white blood cell and international normalized ratio and lower level of fibrinogen on postoperative day 5（ P<0.05）. PLSMM group showed a lower incidence of overall complications （ P<0.05）.
Multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that MVI〔 OR=2.751，95%CI（1.173，6.642）〕 and operation time>210 min〔 OR=1.973，95%CI（1.286，4.936）〕were risk factors associated with PLSMM（ P<0.05）. PLSMM〔 OR=2.591，95%CI（1.173，6.977）〕，preoperative myopenia〔 OR=1.798，95%CI（1.133，3.792）〕，operation time >210 min〔 OR=2.958，95%CI（0.918，9.529）〕 and blood loss>500 ml〔 OR=1.003，95%CI（1.001，1.007）〕 were risk factors associated with postoperative complications（ P<0.05）. Conclusion MVI and operation time >210 min were risk factors associated with PLSMM. PLSMM was the independent predictor of postoperative complications，which negatively affected postoperative outcomes after major hepatectomy.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The layout of basic research is a typical multi-stakeholder and multi-disciplinary comprehensive policy research, which is suitable to be guided by the think tank double helix methodology. Firstly, the study summarizes the “organization” and theoretical understanding of basic research layout. Secondly, based on MIPS logical hierarchy method and DIIS process fusion method, the study analyzes the fusion mechanism of “discipline layout” and “task layout” of basic research. Finally, the study puts forward the promotion strategies and measures of the future basic research layout from four aspects: system layout, discipline layout, task layout, and international layout.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Under the support of the advisory project “Thinking and Suggestions on the Dilemma and Development of Chinese STM Journals” of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, we took extensive questionnaire survey and deep analysis based on 2734 researchers and journal editors from 34 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities, and special administrative regions in China. We believe that the current difficulties and challenges faced by Chinese STM journals are temporary problems occurred during the process of Chinese scientific and technological development, which are not only related to external environmental factors such as research evaluation and international competition of STM journals, but also originated from the insufficiency of reform and innovation of Chinese STM journals themselves. We suggest that Chinese STM journals should define developing direction, improve service efficiency, and integrate into new academic communication.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the continuous deepening of the nested influence of scientific research and economic society, scientific research has received unprecedented attention. At the same time, it faces bottlenecks in its own development. The scientific research itself, the scientific establishment, and the scientific policy are in a state of change. It is necessary to understand the new laws of scientific knowledge production, and re-understand the interactive relationship between science, technology, and engineering to expand the boundaries of scientific research. This article analyzes the reasons for re-understanding scientific research, expounds the new connotation of scientific research from aspects of object, function and method, and puts forward policy recommendations to adapt the scientific changes.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In China’s national security affairs, there is a close connection between biosecurity related issues and the development of contemporary science and technology. The design of biosecurity governance system also needs to consider science and technology as a complex variable. This study takes the governance of science and technology around biosecurity issues as a new subject to be focused on in the construction of a national biosecurity governance system. By reviewing the current research on biosecurity issues, the institutional conditions that could promote the integration level of biosecurity governance system and the governance system of science and technology are discussed. Meanwhile, the policy initiatives that could further incorporate scientific research into the biosecurity governance system and the entire national governance system are also explored.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Scientific research itself, scientific organization system, policy and research culture are all developing and changing. Increasing competition and rising expectations are driving profound change in the roles, functions, and interactions of universities, research institutions, funding agencies, and publishers. On the basis of reviewing the evolution of the relationship between science and government, this study analyzes the changes of the current scientific organization, the integration of disciplines, the openness of science, and the social influence of science, and puts forward the corresponding enlightenment.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Basic research is the source of original innovation. Strengthening basic research, looking forward to the future scientific development direction, and seizing the commanding heights of future development are the new requirements for the academic leadership of the Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASAD) in the new era. The Discipline Development Strategy Research Program (DDSRP) of CASAD aims to explore the internal development rules of each discipline, to look forward to the medium and long-term development trends of various disciplines, to grasp the development direction of emerging and interdisciplinary subjects, to clarify the frontiers of science and major scientific issues, and to guide the development of the related disciplines in China. This paper introduces the basic situation of the research work of DDSRP of CASAD, and analyzes the influence and impact of DDSRP based on literature research and questionnaire survey. Research results show that DDSRP has produced sound social impacts, policy influences and academic influences on consolidating the foundation of disciplines, improving the layout
Subjects: Geosciences >> Other Disciplines of Geosciences submitted time 2019-09-09 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：积雪融水是干旱区重要的水资源之一，积雪分布变化的监测对区域雪冰资源的合理利用及灾害防治至关重要。基于内蒙古地区2001—2016年MOD10A2积雪数据对研究区进行分带提取，分析不同海拔高度积雪年内年际变化特征，结合气温和降水气象因素，分析其分布变化原因。研究表明：积雪面积、积雪覆盖率年内分布呈单峰形，10个海拔带的积雪期为9月到次年5月，峰值出现在冬季，积雪覆盖率增减的临界高度在952~1 114 m；不同高程带的积雪面积在春季、夏季、秋季整体上呈现出“增加—减少—增加—减少”的年际变化规律，冬季整体上表现出“减少—增加—减少”的变化规律；积雪面积受降水量和气温相互的影响，其中海拔高度可能起到间接作用。内蒙古地区春季、冬季积雪覆盖率均与冬季降水量呈显著正相关，各季节积雪覆盖率基本与温度呈负相关关系。
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：为揭示应激导致家禽肝脏代谢异常的机理，本研究探查了糖皮质激素——地塞米松（DEX）对鸡胚肝细胞脂肪和胆汁酸代谢相关基因表达的影响。选取19胚龄的无特定病原体(SPF)鸡蛋，原代培养鸡胚肝细胞（37 ℃、5% CO2），用0（对照）、200、500、1 000 nmol/L的地塞米松分别处理24 h。结果表明：与对照组相比，高剂量（500、1 000 nmol/L）地塞米松处理显著降低了脂肪代谢相关基因——脂肪酸转运蛋白1（FATP-1）、固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1C（SREBP-1C）、载脂蛋白B100（APOB100）、肝脏X受体（LXR）以及胆汁酸摄取相关基因Na+/牛磺胆盐共转运体（NTCP）的mRNA相对表达水平（P＜0.05），显著提高了胆汁酸排出相关基因——胆盐输出泵（BSEP）的mRNA相对表达水平（P＜0.05）；低剂量（200 nmol/L）地塞米松处理显著提高胆汁酸合成相关基因——胆固醇7-羟化酶（CYP7A1）和法尼酯X受体（FXR）的mRNA相对表达水平（P＜0.05），同时，SREBP-1C的mRNA相对表达水平显著降低（P＜0.05），BSEP的mRNA相对表达水平显著上升（P＜0.05）。由此表明，高剂量糖皮质激素对鸡胚肝细胞的脂肪合成、转运和胆汁酸的摄取具有抑制作用；低剂量糖皮质激素可以促进胆汁酸的合成和排出，部分反应具有剂量依赖性。
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