Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： A new generation of interactive models, called digital voice assistants (DVAs), can respond to young children's speech requests automatically and interact with them by voice. Research on the development of young children's epistemic trust in DVAs is scarce. Previous research has concentrated on the development and influencing factors of young children's epistemic trust in human informants or traditional electronic media (e.g., computers, webpages, internet). The semisocial nature of these devices determines the specific theoretical and practical value of investigating young children's epistemic trust in DVAs. Based on this, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the epistemic trust of young children (aged 3-6) and adults in DVAs in various domains and to confirm the significance of accuracy in their trust.The paradigm of dual-informant sources was employed in both experiments. A sample size of 88 children was required for an effect size of w = 0.30, 1 - β = 0.8, α = 0.05, according to G*Power 3.1. In Experiment 1, 30 adults and 90 children aged 4-6 were given testimony from distinct information sources (DVAs vs. humans) in either the natural or social domain to investigate the children's willingness to ask questions, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. Whereas the natural domain involved a task to label novel things, the social domain involved inquiry into social customs. The accuracy of the informants was manipulated in Experiment 2, which was based on Experiment 1, and 90 children aged 3-5 and 30 adults were exposed to various informants.The research participants were asked questions about their willingness to ask, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the children preferred to ask the DVAs questions about the natural domain rather than the social domain, with the DVAs being preferred overall. Moreover, the 6-year-old children preferred the DVAs as the information source more than the 4- to 5-year-old children. The adults were more likely to trust the DVAs than the young children. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that the children of all ages and adults were more likely to accept correct informant testimony in both the natural and social domains. In other words, the children were more likely to use the current accuracy of informants as a cue to assess and decide which informant to trust, and when the DVAs lost their accuracy, the children's preference disappeared along with their intellectual trust. The preference for accurate informants was more obvious in the adults and 4- to 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds, with the 3-year-olds being less sensitive to accuracy. Accuracy was an essential indicator of the DVAs' dependability.Our study is the first to investigate the development of epistemic trust in DVAs among children aged 3-6 in China. The results show that children can use DVAs as a source of information and knowledge. Young children become more likely to believe the testimonies of DVAs as they grow older. Children are more likely to trust DVAs in the natural domain than in the social domain. Furthermore, young children are more likely to accept the testimony of reliable informants. The results of this study may contribute to our understanding of the usability and utility of human interaction with technological systems and offer suggestions for the use of DVAs in homes and classrooms to support early learning.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-05-06
Abstract： [Objective]A new generation of interactive models, called digital voice assistants(DVAs), can respond to young children's speech requests automatically and interactwith them by voice. Research on the development of young children's epistemic trustin DVAs is scarce. Previous research has concentrated on the development and influencing factors of young children's epistemic trust in human informants or traditional electronic media (e.g., computers, webpages, internet). The semisocialnature of these devices determines the specific theoretical and practical value ofinvestigating young children's epistemic trust in DVAs. Based on this, the purposeof the current study was to investigate the epistemic trust of young children (aged3-6) and adults in DVAs in various domains and to confirm the significance of accuracyin their trust. [Methods] The paradigm of dual-informant sources was employed in both experiments.A sample size of 88 children was required for an effect size of w= 0.30, 1–β=0.8, α= 0.05, according to G*Power 3.1. In Experiment 1, 30 adults and 90 childrenaged 4-6 were given testimony from distinct information sources (DVAs vs. humans)in either the natural or social domain to investigate the children's willingnessto ask questions, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. Whereas thenatural domain involved a task to label novel things, the social domain involvedinquiry into social customs. The accuracy of the informants was manipulated inExperiment 2, which was based on Experiment 1, and 90 children aged 3-5 and 30 adultswere exposed to various informants. [Results] The research participants were asked questions about their willingnessto ask, explicit trust judgments, and final endorsements. The results of Experiment1 showed that the children preferred to ask the DVAs questions about the naturaldomain rather than the social domain, with the DVAs being preferred overall . Moreover, the 6-year-old children preferred the DVAs as the information source morethan the 4- to 5-year-old children. The adults were more likely to trust the DVAsthan the young children. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that the children ofall ages and adults were more likely to accept correct informant testimony in boththe natural and social domains. In other words, the children were more likely touse the current accuracy of informants as a cue to assess and decide which informantto trust, and when the DVAs lost their accuracy, the children's preference disappeared along with their intellectual trust. The preference for accurate informants was more obvious in the adults and 4- to 5-year-olds than in the 3-year-olds, with the 3-year-olds being less sensitive to accuracy. Accuracy wasan essential indicator of the DVAs' dependability. [Limitations] This study did not include attribution tasks and the experimentalmaterial lacked some ecological properties. [Conclusions] Our study is the first to investigate the development of epistemictrust in DVAs among children aged 3-6 in China. The results show that children canuse DVAs as a source of information and knowledge. Young children become more likelyto believe the testimonies of DVAs as they grow older. Children are more likely totrust DVAs in the natural domain than in the social domain. Furthermore, youngchildren are more likely to accept the testimony of reliable informants. The resultsof this study may contribute to our understanding of the usability and utility ofhuman interaction with technological systems and offer suggestions for the use ofDVAs in homes and classrooms to support early learning.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Acanthus ebracteatus is a special kind of rare mangrove plant, possessing great medicinal value. In this paper, by studying the diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere culturable bacteria in the A. ebracteatus, we explored new potential bacterial species and strains with special biological activities. The culturable bacteria were isolated from A. ebracteatus by dilution separation method. The bacterial diversity was investigated based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In addition, the confrontation experiment and lawn predation assay were utilized to screen bacteria with anti-microorganism activities. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 144 culturable bacteria were isolated from A. ebracteatus root, stems, leaves, flowers and rhizosphere soil. These bacteria were affiliated into 66 species based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The bacterial genera Bacillus and Streptomyces were dominant in plant tissue and rhizosphere soil with that of the value 15.1% and 13.6%, respectively. (2) The bioactivity assays revealed that there were 29 strains with anti-fungal activity and 10 strain possessing a broad spectrum of anti-fungal activity. Among them, the Streptomyces strains have the strongest antagonistic effect, and the active strain Y129 was a potential new species; (3) A total of five strains showed predation activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas has the strongest predatory activity, and the active strain Y90 was a potential new species. A. ebracteatus and their rhizosphere soils contain rich bacterial germplasm resources and have a variety of functional strains, which can be used as one of the sources of biocontrol bacteria and medicinal bacteria. This study also lay a foundation for improving the efficacy and cultivation of A. ebracteatus.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2020-03-24 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract：红树植物内生菌在红树共生体的物质循环、能量传递和健康维护等方面起着重要作用，探究红树植物内生菌的多样性，为进一步揭示内生菌在红树共生体的功能多样性提供菌种资源。本研究选择6种分离培养基和采用传统稀释涂布法对从广西北海滩涂上采集的桐花树组织和根际土壤样品进行分离，对获得的可培养细菌进行多样性分析，并通过体外溶栓实验筛选出具有抗血栓活性菌株。基于16S rRNA基因序列系统进化分析，从桐花树组织和根际土壤中共获得125株细菌；分布于变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）3个门，27个科，39个属，74个种中，芽孢杆菌属为优势菌属，菌株数量占13.5%。抗血栓活性实验表明，初筛获得18株具有抗血栓活性细菌，总阳性率为24.32%；将初筛有活性的菌株进行复筛和重复验证实验，进一步验证其活性，结果复筛出3株细菌B1850、B1989和B2632具有很强抗血栓活性。综上所述，广西北海滩涂上红树植物桐花树中存在丰富的可培养细菌资源，具有从中挖掘新的纤溶酶和开发溶血栓药物的潜力。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-08-13 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Text vectorization is the basis of text classification. Feature weighting is one of the important factors that directly affect the quality of text vector representation. Feature weighting schemes based on category information is not accurate enough to express the relationship between features and categories. That is the classification ability of the features with the same category frequency can’t be compared, so the distribution of the features in the category should be considered. This paper combines the inverse category frequency (ICF) and inner category entropy of the features into the term weight calculation, and constructs two supervised feature weighting schemes. The experimental results on the Uygur text categorization dataset showed that this method can obviously improve the spatial distribution of the samples and improve the micro average F1 value of the Uygur text classification.
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