Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-07-04
Abstract： With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, short video applications have become rapidly popular around the world, and have attracted widespread attention and discussion as a national entertainment, social and information platform. On the one hand, people are amazed by the technological leap of the times, which makes people’s lives convenient and satisfies people’s yearning for a better life; On the other hand, this has also brought about a growing social problem - short video addiction. This article aims to explore the causes of short video addiction in the era of artificial intelligence and the marketing strategies behind it. First, through a literature review, this paper reveals how factors such as short video content design, algorithm recommendation mechanism, and user social interaction affect users’ viewing behavior, which in turn leads to addiction. Secondly, this paper analyzes in detail the marketing strategies used by short video platforms, including precise positioning, emotional marketing, community building, etc., and evaluates the impact of these strategies on users’ addictive behaviors. Finally, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions to reduce the phenomenon of short video addiction and promote a healthy digital consumption environment.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-07-03
Abstract： The effect of repetition on belief is a phenomenon that information repeatedly exposed makes people believe it is true. Although the existence of the effect of repetition on belief is examined in many studies, studies on the relationship between repetition frequency and belief change are relatively limited and have yielded inconsistent results. Furthermore, the underlying psychological mechanisms which repetition frequency affects belief change have rarely been the focus of empirical investigation. The limited researches explore the mechanisms in an isolated manner, without a systematic framework. This study explored the relationship between repetition frequency and belief change and systematically explored its underlying psychological mechanisms./t/nIn Experiment 1, 2 (types of unknown deceptive statement: familiar vs. unfamiliar) × 5 (repetition frequencies: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16) within-subjects design was used to explore the impact of repetition frequency and prior knowledge on belief change. In Experiment 2, 2 (repetitive statement syntax: active vs. passive) × 2 (repetition frequencies: 2 vs. 5) × 3 (test statement types: original statement, paraphrased statement, contradictory statement) within-subjects design was used to explore the impact of repetition frequency and the statement meaning consistency between presentation and test phases on belief change. In Experiment 3, 2 (repetitive statement syntax: active vs. passive) × 2 (repetition frequencies: 2 vs. 7) × 3 (test statement types: original statement, slightly modified statement, reconstructed statement) within-subjects design was used to explore the impact of repetition frequency and the statement perceptual consistency between presentation and test phases on belief change./t/nThe results of Experiment 1 showed a significant natural logarithm relationship between repetition frequency and belief change, with participants possessing prior knowledge gave higher truth ratings compared to those without prior knowledge. However, there was no significant interaction effect between prior knowledge and repetition frequency. The results of Experiment 2 showed that at a repetition frequency of 2, there were no significant differences in truth ratings among original statements, paraphrased statements and contradictory statements. However, at a repetition frequency of 5, participants gave higher truth ratings for both the original and paraphrased statements compared to contradictory statements, with no significant difference observed between the ratings of the original and paraphrased statements. This indicates that participants were able to distinguish the meaning of statements at higher repetition frequencies but were unable to do so at lower repetition frequencies. The results of Experiment 3 showed that at a repetition frequency of 2, participants gave higher truth ratings for both passive reconstructed statements and passive paraphrased statements, compared to contradictory statements, with no significant difference observed between passive reconstructed statements and passive paraphrased statements. At a repetition frequency of 7, there were no significant differences in truth ratings among passive reconstructed sentences, passive paraphrased sentences and passive original sentences. At repetition frequencies of 2 or 7, there were no significant differences in truth ratings among active reconstructed sentences, active paraphrased sentences and active original sentences./t/nIn conclusion, belief growth shows an initially rapid and subsequently decelerating trend with increase of repetition frequency. Participants rely on perceptual fluency for truth judgments at low repetition numbers and conceptual fluency for truth judgments at high repetition numbers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the effect of repetition on belief by exploring the underlying psychological mechanisms and provides practical insights for practices in various fields, including education, advertising, marketing, psychological therapy and policy propaganda.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-07-01
Abstract： Brand anthropomorphism marketing strategies are increasingly prevalent, yet their effectiveness remains contentious, suggesting underexplored boundary conditions. It is meaningful to focus on how commodity type moderates the impact of anthropomorphism on consumer willingness to buy, grounded in self-brand congruence theory which posits consumers prefer brands congruent with their self-concepts. Through two experiments, the research examines the effects of impression-based and interaction-based anthropomorphic cues on consumer willingness to buy, while exploring the mediating roles of individual and social identification. The findings reveal that brand anthropomorphism positively influences consumer willingness to buy utilitarian commodities but negatively affects them for hedonic one. These contrasting effects are mediated by respective increases in individual versus social identification. Moreover, commodity type moderates whether anthropomorphism enhances individual or social brand identification. Theoretically, this study enriches the understanding of boundary conditions surrounding anthropomorphism’s influence, with commodity type as a pivotal moderator. Pragmatically, the findings guide brands on judiciously leveraging anthropomorphic strategies across different commodity categories to optimize marketing effectiveness.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-30
Abstract： Face can be understood as the way people interact with each other and thus produce the problem of "how others see me". Face has always been the program of the Chinese spirit and has always guided people’s behaviour. Previous studies have found that face could be a double-edged sword: saving face can stimulate the need for achievement to get ahead, which makes individuals more selfish; it can also stimulate the need for belonging to integrate into the group, which makes them more altruistic. At the same time, as a complex social culture, face can be divided into two dimensions: the desire to gain face and the fear of losing face. The two types of face have different effects on the choice of selfish or altruistic behaviour. cooperation as an indispensable form of social interaction emphasises the reciprocity or win-win of "self" and "other", what is the relationship between it and the level or type of face consciousness? This study investigates the relationship between face consciousness and cooperative behaviour through four studies. Study 1, 1600 face consciousness questionnaires were distributed to subjects, and the top 27% and bottom 27% (N = 153) were selected to participate in the study to investigate the relationship between face consciousness and cooperation. Study 2, 770 face consciousness questionnaires were distributed to subjects, and the top 27% and bottom 27% (N = 143) were selected to participate in the study to investigate the moderating effect of face on the boundary condition of cooperation promotion, i.e. the presence of others. Study 3, 2308 face consciousness questionnaires were distributed to the subjects. A person-centred analysis was used to divide the subjects into a group with a high the desire to gain face (N = 189) and a group with a high the fear of losing face (N = 195). Finally, 140 suitable subjects were invited to participate in the study. Study 4, 239 subjects were invited to participate in the study through a task manipulation to evoke face-gaining and face-losing consciousness in order to investigate the influence of face consciousness type on cooperative behaviour and the moderating effect of the presence of others. The results show that the relationship between face consciousness and cooperative behaviour is influenced by the situational benefit framework. In the public goods dilemma, the promotion effect of high face consciousness on cooperation is more significant, but in the public resources dilemma, the promotion effect is not obvious; the level of face consciousness has an interaction with others. In the open situation, the cooperative behaviour of high face consciousness individuals in the public goods dilemma is significantly higher than that of low face consciousness individuals. In the anonymous condition, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Different types of face consciousness have different effects on cooperative behaviour in the public goods dilemma. Compared to the fear of losing face group, individuals in the desire to gain face group invested more in the public goods dilemma and showed higher levels of cooperation. The types of face consciousness interact with others. In public situations, the cooperative behaviour of individuals in the desire to gain face group is significantly higher than that of individuals in the fear of losing face group. In the anonymous condition, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Based on the cultural perspective, this study explores the influence of "face" on cooperation from the individual level. It not only focuses on the relationship between the level and type of face consciousness and cooperative behavior, but also examines the boundary conditions of face consciousness on the function of promoting cooperation. These studies reveal the functions of different types of face consciousness in cooperative interaction, and reveal how to effectively play the role of desire to gain consciousness in cooperation in future social situations.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-17
Abstract： Terror management theory suggests that the salience of mortality unconsciously produces severe anxiety and triggers a change in an individual’s attitude. Most of the research based on terror management theory has utilized experimental methods, and most of these studies have focused on the results of experimentally priming death thoughts, but have rarely considered the effects of death information in real-world settings. The present research explores the salience of mortality in real-world settings based on textual Big Data and large-scale social survey results. We first used a large word vector database to generate death-related words, and created a mortality salience index for each province based on newspaper word frequency, and found that the level of provincial mortality salience was associated with population density, environmental emergencies, suicide rate, and cultural tightness (Study 1). We then examined the effect of mortality salience on collectivism and cultural tightness using publication texts across time, and the vector autoregression results showed that mortality salience had a strong effect on cultural tightness (Study 2). Finally, we examine the effect of provincial death salience on individual and family financial decisions, and multilevel linear modeling results indicate that mortality salience increases family savings rates and reduces individuals’ willingness to intergenerational cooperation (Study 3). These results contribute to the understanding of the impact of death in contemporary societies, provide new evidence for terror management theory, and offer new perspectives for understanding the evolution of cultural and social attitudes.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-11
Abstract： Under the influence of the mass media, many individuals have embraced the “thin-ideal” social norm, wherein people accept and adhere to the behavioral norm that perceives thinness as the ideal body type. This trend has resulted in many young adults compromising their positive body image and adopting unhealthy weight loss practices, such as reducing their caloric intake. Based on the self-discrepancy theory, this paper proposes that the thin-ideal social norm will strengthen the thin-ideal self-concept, which will amplify any existing discrepancy between the ideal self and the actual self, ultimately diminishing the individual’s positive body image. In that light, the present research explored the effects of social norm interventions on improving young adults’ positive body image and increasing their caloric intake. The findings suggest that interventions that address misconceptions, particularly when combined with role models, yield more favorable outcomes than interventions that focus solely on correcting misunderstandings within the social norm framework do.
The present research comprised one questionnaire study and three intervention studies, involving 612 participants. Study 1 examined the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) self-discrepancy in the relationship between the thin-ideal social norm and a positive body image. Two hundred eleven participants (113 females, aged 22.31 ± 2.10 years) completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of the social norms, their BMI self-discrepancy, and their positive body image. Studies 2–4 were dedicated to practical interventions. In Study 2, 117 participants (79 females, aged 22.56 ± 2.28 years) received either interventions that addressed misinformation about social norms, or no information. The participants reported their positive body image at the beginning and end of the study, along with their caloric intake over 4 days. Study 3 involved 155 participants (111 females, aged 22.06 ± 2.13 years) who were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: correcting misunderstandings alone, combining that intervention with role models, or no intervention. As was the case with Study 2, the participants reported their positive body image and caloric intake over 4 days. In Study 4, 147 participants (89 females, aged 22.57 ± 2.10 years) were randomly assigned to one of three interventions that were similar to those in Study 3 but spanned 10 days. Those participants reported their body image at two time points and their caloric intake at five time points.
Study 1 revealed that self-discrepancy partially mediated the relationship between the social norms of the thin ideal and body image. Specifically, both the thin-ideal de This research contributes valuable insights into thin-ideal social norms. It suggests a more effective intervention strategy that provides practical recommendations which are applicable to individuals, role models, and commercial organizations.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： People often use the phrase different paths, no conspiracy to describe the difficulty of reaching a consensus after an interpersonal value conflict occurs. Due to the conflict, people will not only experience a series of negative subjective feelings, but also develop prejudice and hostility toward their opponents. Together, these feelings make it very difficult to resolve interpersonal conflicts based on value differences. Values are represented and constructed in such a way that people are prone to two cognitive biases in the face of interpersonal value conflicts: self-threat and the illusion of personal objectivity. Currently, researchers have focused on two interpersonal values conflict mediation strategies: self-affirmation and other-affirmation. Future research needs to enrich the relevant theoretical explanations, focus on the influencing factors and their effects in interpersonal value conflicts, and expand their mediation strategies and related application practices.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-06
Abstract： In the 21st century, human society is highly prosperous, but it is still facing a happiness crisis. Since the birth of scientific psychology, psychologists have been committed to understanding and improving human happiness and well-being. With the rapid development of human society and the continuous advancement of science and technology, scientific research on happiness and well-being in scientific psychology has become more comprehensive and diverse, and has gradually transformed from an abstract concept to an interdisciplinary research field that is quantifiable, operational and improvable. Based on the theoretical framework, research paradigm and research conclusions of scientific psychology, this article sorts out and comments on how factors at the individual, interpersonal and social levels affect human happiness and well-being, and explores the great potential and future prospects of scientific psychology in improving human happiness and well-being.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology Subjects: Management Science >> Management Theory submitted time 2024-06-04
Abstract： There is no society without interaction, and only when there is interaction can it be called a society. In the definition of society, overemphasizing identity and belonging, and placing the importance of identity and belonging above interaction, is a narrowing of society and is not in line with reality. There is not only mutual recognition and cooperation, but also contradictions and disputes, which is the normal state of society. Although there can be close relationships between different species of animals, this relationship is often not an equal relationship, and the content is usually incomplete, and only some aspects are similar to society. It is necessary to define the category of society strictly between the same species. As for whether a society can be passed on from generation to generation, this should only be the result of the development and evolution of the society, not whether the society is a necessary prerequisite of a society. A social group that has existed in history but has become extinct is also a form of society, and it cannot be assumed that it is not a society just because it has become extinct.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-03
Abstract： Interpersonal invisibility refers to the intentional or unintentional disregard of individuals in social interactions, resulting in cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disengagement or reduced engagement. Essentially, it represents an implicit form of interpersonal devaluation and exclusion. Interpersonal invisibility is closely linked to social hierarchy, with individuals of lower social hierarchy being more susceptible to experiencing it. Theoretical frameworks such as sociocultural mechanisms, the status hypothesis, affordance-management theory, and intersectional invisibility theory serve as crucial perspectives for explaining this phenomenon. Future research should further refine the conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal invisibility, deepen theoretical investigations into its effects on individuals of lower social hierarchy, explore the interaction between the social hierarchy of both interactants, address and mitigate the negative consequences of interpersonal invisibility, and examine its unique effects within the context of Chinese culture.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-06-01
Abstract： Body dissatisfaction is common among adolescents, and the use of social networking sites is a risk factor. Conducting a systematic review of the manifestations, pathways, and moderators of how social networking site use affects adolescents’ body dissatisfaction is crucial for preventing and addressing this issue. The use of social networking sites can impact adolescents’ body dissatisfaction in several ways. This influence occurs through three main pathways: comparison and internalization of the ideal body, self-objectification and body surveillance, and appearance self-schema and appearance self-discrepancy. Furthermore, this effect is moderated by personality factors, including the Big Five personality traits, narcissism and perfectionism; self-cognitive factors, such as self-compassion and self-concept clarity; and media-cognitive factors, including social media literacy and appearance-related social media consciousness. Future research should focus on exploring the relationship between social networking site use and body dissatisfaction in China, expanding the scope to include various aspects such as research subjects, methods, and content, and further validating and simplifying the theoretical framework. This will help develop more effective online intervention programs to address adolescents’ body dissatisfaction.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-26
Abstract： Orderly display, from our urban planning to the layout of goods in shops, is widely used in our nearby environment. Researches have shown that the need for order is one of the basic human needs and people prefer objects under orderly display. Our study enriched this line of work by exploring the association between display order and product attribution and providing evidence that disorder can be beneficial. Specifically, natural attribution (vs. artificial product) is associated with disorder (vs. order). Furthermore, for natural product (vs. artificial product), consumers prefer them in disorderly display (vs. orderly display). Based on the associative learning mechanism, 4 studies were conducted to examine how display order and product attribute match together and influences consumers’ product preference. Also, the mediating role of fluency perception and moderating role of valence cue were examined.
Study 1 (N = 34, 18 men) intended to explore the matching relationship between product attribution and display order with the method of Implicit Association Test. Participants were instructed to sort a series of stimuli into two categories(natural or artificial) as quickly as possible. Study 2 (N = 280, 105 men) aimed to test the match effect of product attribution and display order in explicit level using within-subjects design. After showing the interpretation of both constructs’ definition, participants were asked to match natural (vs. artificial) product to orderly or disorderly display. Study 3 (N = 200, 75 men) used between-subjects design to further investigate the effect of product attribution and display order on consumer preference, and the mediation role of processing fluency, with product content remain the same, i.e., mango. Participants were shown one picture and asked to indicate their preference and processing fluency. Study 4 (N = 240, 98 men) investigated the boundary effect of valence cue. The participants were asked to evaluate the valence of all categories of product attribution and display order as priming method. Then participants were shown two pictures of natural or artificial product in disorderly and orderly display. In the end, they indicate their liking and processing fluency of pictures.
The main results of this study are as follows: (1) natural attribution (vs. artificial product) is associated with disorder (vs. order) in both implicit and explicit level; (2) for natural (vs. artificial) product, consumers have higher preference for product in disorderly (vs. orderly) display; (3) product attribution and display order influences consumers’ product preferences through the mediation role of processing fluency; (4) valence cue moderate consumers’ preference for natural products in different display order.
This research identify and explore a previously unidentified lay theory, the natural (vs. artificial) = disorder (order) intuition. Moreover, based on dual-process of associative learning, we further explore the contradictory naïve theory of our proposal. And this research contributes to the literature of natural product and product display. It provides managers with guidelines on arrangement of display order for product with different attribution when organizing shelf display or designing advertisement.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-21
Abstract： Individual’s attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) can significantly predict one’s IPV related behaviour, which will be reflected not only in the perpetrator or victim, but also in the willingness and response of third parties to intervene. By introducing attitudes into the field of IPV, we were able to convert the question of the causes of IPV into a question of the causes of IPV attitudes, breaking through the original research limitations. From the perspectives of social learning theory and feminist theory, IPV attitudes connect two explanatory paths: IPV-related social learning experiences/patriarchal ideology – IPV Attitudes - IPV. Future research could benefit from combining the unique perspectives - social learning theory’s emphasis on causal processes and feminist theory’s emphasis on causal roots - to incorporate both protective and risk factors, from the individual level to the group level, and to develop a multivariate interacting explanatory model of IPV attitudes.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-19
Abstract： Background and Objective: Shame, as a negative emotion, has unclear potential impacts on creativity and its underlying psychological mechanisms. Based on the cognitive adjustment model theory and the emotion regulation process model, this study explores the effect of shame on creativity and examines the serial mediation roles of self-forgiveness and sense of life meaning in this relationship.
Methods: Using simple random sampling, this study randomly selected 419 participants from the population and conducted data collection and analysis.
Results: (1) Shame was positively correlated with creativity (r= 0.14, p <0.01); (2) Self-forgiveness mediated the effect of shame on creativity; (3) Shame influenced creativity through the serial mediation of self-forgiveness and meaning in life.
Conclusion: This study reveals the positive impact of shame on creativity and its underlying psychological mechanisms, particularly the serial mediation roles of self-forgiveness and meaning in life. These findings provide referential intervention strategies for enhancing individual creativity.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-12
Abstract： Consumer guilt refers to negative feelings caused by consumer’s behavior that violates social norms or individual values. Consumer guilt exists universally in college students who are not economically independent yet but have a strong willingness to consume. However, few studies have systematically examined what caused consumer guilt in college students. Related research showed that people with different socioeconomic status (SES) had different psychological experience during consuming. Therefore, the level of consumer guilt may vary in college students with different SES. College students’ parents bring them up and also provide them financial support. As main factors of parent-child relationship, Parenting styles and parent-child communication probably moderate the relationship between SES and consumer guilt. Materialism is a value emphasizing the importance of material wealth in individual life. Individuals with high materialism are more likely to engage in irrational consumption, which leads to consumer guilt. That means different level of materialism probably influences the relationship between SES and consumer guilt. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the relationship between SES and consumer guilt. Furthermore, the current study also explores the moderating effects of parenting styles, parent-child communication, and materialism on the relationship between SES and consumer guilt. The current study recruited 560 college students online, who were from different Chinese universities(Mage = 20.94±1.99 years, 266 females). 560 participants completed questionnaires on anticipated and reactive consumer guilt, objective and subjective socioeconomic status, parenting styles, parent-child communication, and materialism. SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS 4.1 were used to analyze data. The results showed that:(1) Objective SES significantly negatively predicted both anticipated consumer guilt and reactive consumer guilt, but subjective SES had no significant effect on anticipated and reactive consumer guilt. (2) Parenting styles and parent-child communication moderated the relationship between objective SES and consumer guilt. When parenting styles(high parents’ emotional warmth、low parents’ rejection and low father’s over protection) and parent-child communication (high conversation、low conformity) were positive, objective SES could significantly negatively predict consumer guilt; when parenting styles and parent-child communication were negative, objective SES had no significant effect on consumer guilt. (3) Materialism had no significant moderating effect on the relationship between objective SES and consumer guilt. The results indicate that objective SES may influence college students’ consumer guilt, and the protective role of family factors on the influence is more reflected in high objective SES college students.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-09
Abstract： This paper presented three experiments investigating how individuals from Eastern cultural perceive their true selves through either intuitive or deliberate choices. Experiment 1 replicated the study conducted by Maglio and Reich (2019), employing a product selection task and utilizing instructions to initiate the decision-making process. Experiments 2 and 3 expanded the findings to tasks including partner selection and travel destination choice, manipulating the decision-making process through time pressure. The results contradicted established Western findings, suggesting that individuals from Eastern cultural believe that choices made through deliberation more accurately reflect their true selves, with choice confidence serving a mediating role. These findings shed light on the cultural variances in understanding the true self through intuition or deliberation.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-08
Abstract： When infectious diseases are prevalent, people are often reluctant to give blood for fear of infection, resulting in a “blood shortage” In response, blood collection agencies across China have launched relevant initiatives to encourage the public to donate blood. To recruit blood donors, blood collection agencies use different advertising strategies to attract people’s attention. For example, some display people in need of help and others display blood donors in their recruitment campaigns. What type or types of donation protagonist are most effective in recruitment campaigns during an infectious disease outbreak? This issue has become particularly important in recent years, with the increasing emergence of infectious diseases. It is therefore essential to understand how blood collection agencies should recruit donors when signs of infectious disease appear. Motivated by this issue, this study explored the joint impact of infectious disease cues and donation protagonists on the intention to donate blood and the psychological mechanisms underlying this impact.
Study 1 adopted a 2 (donation protagonist: donor vs. recipient) ´ 2 (infectious disease cues: yes vs. no) between-subjects design and used a reading comprehension task to manipulate the salience of infectious disease cues. We recruited 207 college students and randomly assigned them to one group with infectious disease cues and one without. The participants then viewed recruitment messages with different donation protagonists (donor vs. recipient). Next, the participants were asked whether they would be willing to donate blood. For those who answered yes and were willing to leave their contact details, we helped them make an appointment to donate blood at the nearest blood bank. Study 1 provided preliminary evidence that recipient (vs. donor) protagonists reduce people’s intention to donate blood when infectious disease cues are salient.
Studies 2A and 2B further supported the results of Study 1 by adding a no-donation protagonist and two control groups (accidental threat and non-infectious disease threat). Specifically, Study 2A adopted a 3 (donation protagonist: donor vs. recipient vs. none) × 2 (threat type: infectious disease vs. accident) between-subjects design and recruited 306 participants from a questionnaire platform. We manipulated the threat type through a slideshow. After viewing the slides, the participants viewed recruitment messages with different donation protagonists and reported their intention to donate blood. Study 2B adopted a 3 (donation protagonist: donor vs. recipient vs. none) × 2 (threat type: infectious disease vs. non-infectious disease) between-subjects design and recruited 285 participants from the questionnaire platform. We used pictures and text to manipulate the contagiousness of the disease. After viewing the slides, the participants viewed recruitment messages with different donation protagonists and reported their intention to donate blood. The results showed that compared with donor protagonists, recipient protagonists played a less effective role and reduced people’s willingness to donate blood when exposed to an infectious disease (vs. accident and non-infectious disease) threat.
Study 3 adopted a single-factor (donation protagonist: donor vs. recipient vs. none) between-groups design and recruited 151 participants from the questionnaire platform. The priming material for the infectious disease cues was a short news report on COVID-19 reinfection. The participants were randomly divided into three groups after viewing the news report to view recruitment information on donation protagonists. The participants then reported their willingness to donate blood using the same measurement scale as in Study 2A. Next, the participants reported their state anxiety. In addition, to rule out alternative explanations, the participants reported their levels of empathy, perceived threat, medical fear, and other state-based emotions (disgust and fear). The results showed that recipient (vs. donor) protagonists increased the participants’ anxiety levels, thereby reducing their willingness to donate blood.
Studies 4A and 4B examined the moderating role of self-construal by measuring chronic self-construal and situational self-construal and further verified the mediating role of state anxiety. Specifically, Study 4A adopted a 2 (donation protagonist: donor vs. recipient) × 2 (self-construal: interdependent vs. independent) between-subjects design and recruited 199 participants from the questionnaire platform. We measured the participants’ blood donation intention, state anxiety, empathy, perceived threat, medical fear, and other state-based emotions (disgust and fear) by priming infectious disease cues as salient. Finally, the participants’ chronic self-construal was measured. Study 4B adopted a 2 (donation protagonist: donor vs. recipient) × 2 (self-construal: interdependent vs. independent) × 2 (infectious disease cues: yes vs. no) between-subjects design and recruited 357 participants from the questionnaire platform. Study 4B used the pronoun-circling method to manipulate self-construal, and the participants then reported information consistent with Study 4A. The results revealed that the participants with an interdependent orientation who viewed recruitment messages with recipient (vs. donor) protagonists exhibited increased state anxiety, which reduced their intention to donate blood.
In summary, the results of the four studies provide strong empirical evidence for the joint effect of infectious disease cues and donation protagonists on blood donation intention, the moderating impact of self-construal on this joint effect, and the underlying psychological mechanism due to state anxiety.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-03
Abstract： The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology significantly contributes to enhancing productivity; however, concerns regarding potential technological unemployment have garnered considerable attention. The uncertainty surrounding the occurrence, timing, and scale of AI-induced unemployment impedes definitive conclusions. This uncertainty may also lead the public to be influenced by encountered information concerning AI-induced unemployment. Media coverage on AI-induced unemployment often presents extensive information regarding affected industries, occupations, and probability scales, establishing two numerical information frameworks: one emphasizing factors influencing unemployment distribution across industries and another emphasizing the probability of unemployment occurrence. Comparatively, the probability framework, as opposed to the factor framework, allows individuals to formulate judgments indicating a reduced likelihood of AI-induced unemployment, thereby mitigating the perceived threat of AI, especially among individuals with high ambiguity tolerance. Building upon the foundational assumption that the probability framework alleviates AI threat perception, this study, comprising seven recursive experiments, investigates the mediating role of judgments on AI-induced unemployment likelihood and the moderating role of individual ambiguity tolerance. Experiment 1 juxtaposes AI threat perception elicited by general AI-induced unemployment descriptions, factor frameworks, and probability frameworks. Experiment 2 validates the mediating role of likelihood judgments. Experiments 3 and 4 respectively eliminate potential influences of probability values and unemployment scale. Experiment 5 explores ambiguity tolerance’s moderating effect. Experiments 6 and 7 examine subsequent AI threat effects, including support for AI development policies and willingness to recommend various occupations. The primary findings are as follows. Firstly, introducing AI-induced unemployment through a probability framework effectively diminishes AI threat perception (Experiments 1-7). Secondly, this effect is mediated by perceived likelihood, whereby the probability framework prompts individuals to form judgments indicating decreased AI-induced unemployment likelihood, thus reducing AI threat (Experiments 2-5). Thirdly, the information framework effect is moderated by ambiguity tolerance, primarily manifesting among individuals tolerant of ambiguous information (Experiment 5). Fourthly, individuals influenced by the probability framework demonstrate increased support for policies related to AI development, with AI threat playing a mediating role (Experiment 6). Lastly, individuals influenced by the probability framework exhibit a heightened willingness to recommend jobs involving frequent AI interaction (Experiment 7). This study extends prior research by elucidating how external factors such as information frames contribute to variations in AI threat perception. Unlike the extensively studied valence information frame, numerical information frames impact AI threat perception by altering individuals’ likelihood judgments. Our findings shed light on the effects of the numerical information framework on AI-induced unemployment threat perception, policy support, and job recommendation willingness.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-04-26
Abstract： Memories of individuals are typically encoded, stored, recalled, and reconstructed through direct or indirect interactions with others. Cuc et al. (2007) founded that during interactive retrieval, speakers’ selective recall of memories results in the forgetting of non-target information related to the retrieved information, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF). Simultaneously, listeners in this interactive process are also influenced by the speakers’ selective recall, leading to the forgetting of relevant but not retrieved information, a phenomenon termed socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting (SS-RIF). Building on the intertwined connection between emotion, motivation, and memory, this study investigates the impact of emotional valence and motivation on socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting in the context of interactive retrieval.
In Experiment 1, emotional valence and item type were manipulated to explore the influence of emotional valence on socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. The experiment employed a within-participants design of 3 (emotional valence: positive emotion, neutral emotion, negative emotion) × 4 (item type: Rp+, Rp−, Nrp+, Nrp−). The dependent variable was participants’ recall accuracy of items under the three emotional conditions. The results demonstrated that listeners exhibited socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting effects under positive and neutral emotions but not under negative emotions in the interactive retrieval practice paradigm. Additionally, the effect was more pronounced under positive emotions compared to neutral emotions, aligning with our Hypothesis 1.
Experiment 2 manipulated positive emotional motivation and item type to investigate the impact of motivation on socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. The experiment employed a within-participants design of 2 (positive emotional motivation dimension: high-motivation with positive emotion, low-motivation with positive emotion) × 4 (item type: Rp+, Rp−, Nrp+, Nrp−). Results indicated that listeners exhibited socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting effects under both high- and low-motivation with positive emotional conditions, consistent with the findings of Experiment 1. Moreover, the level of socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting was significantly higher under high-motivation with positive emotions compared to low-motivation with positive emotions, supporting our Hypothesis 2.
These findings offer empirical support for comprehending the impact of emotional valence and motivation on socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting, underscoring the crucial role of emotion and motivation in memory outcomes during social interactive tasks.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-04-25
Abstract： This review explores the complex attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) from the perspectives of benefit theory, threat theory, and dialectical relations. Initially, the discussion highlights how AI, as a form of technological advancement, fosters work efficiency, decision-making quality, and innovation across various domains, reflecting the optimistic evaluations and expectations placed on AI. Subsequently, the review shifts focus on the potential threats presented by AI, including privacy infringement, job market disruption, and ethical dilemmas, showcasing the critical concerns surrounding AI development. Moreover, examining AI from a dialectical standpoint underscores the importance of balancing technological innovation with ethical considerations. This entails a discussion on future research directions, emphasizing cross-cultural ethical explorations and the enhancement of human-AI collaboration. The review concludes that a comprehensive understanding and evaluation of AI necessitate transcending singular viewpoints, incorporating multidisciplinary insights to facilitate the sustainable development and social integration of AI technologies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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