Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2023-08-23 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： Strengthening the competitive advantage of manufacturing and promoting its high-quality development are the key points to build a modern industrial system. This study uses international market share (MS), revealed comparative advantage (RCA), trade competition index (TCI), and price index (PI) from 2005 to 2020 to analyze the evolution of manufacturing competitive advantage and its main sources in major countries. The main findings are as follows. China’s labor-intensive industries maintain a strong international competitive advantage, and the international competitive advantage of some capital and technology-intensive industries is increasing. The capital and technology intensive industries in Germany, Japan, and United States have maintained a strong international competitive advantage, but some of them have shown a downward trend. The international competitive advantages of capital and technology-intensive industries such as electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, special equipment manufacturing in China mainly come from product prices, while those in Germany, Japan, and United States mainly come from technology. Four policy suggestions are presented in this study for strengthening the competitive advantage of manufacturing: promoting technological innovation focusing on industrial basic capabilities; modernizing the manufacturing industry chain, supply chain, and innovation chain; accelerating digital, green, and service transformation; and increasing level of international cooperation and cross-border operations.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： As a typical negative emotion, depression significantly affects the development of an individual’s cognitive, emotional, and social functions. Cognitive impairment is common in depressed individuals with its main characteristic being emotional disorder. Based on Beck’s cognitive theory of depression and Gross’s progress model of emotion regulation, the current study explored the relationship between depression and cognitive reappraisal strategies and its mechanism in children aged 8~12 years.Study 1a measured depression, anxiety, and the tendency of daily using cognitive reappraisal strategy in 504 children through a questionnaire. After controlling gender, age and anxiety, the relationship between childhood depression and the tendency of using cognitive reappraisal was investigated. Following the suspected depression screening criteria, Study 1b selected 43 children as the high depression group from Study 1a and matched them with another 43 children as the low depression group. There was no difference in gender, age, and anxiety level between the two groups. Then a behavioral experiment was conducted on these 86 children to measure the ability of using cognitive reappraisal. The purpose was to explore the effect of childhood depression on the ability. Study 2 further explored this topic by randomly selecting 90 children and assessing their depression, the tendency and the ability using cognitive reappraisal, and attention bias to emotional faces combined with eye movement technology. The purpose is to investigate the role of attention bias in the relationship between depression and the two aspects of cognitive reappraisal.The results showed that: (1) depression has significant negative association with the use tendency of using cognitive reappraisal among 8-12 years old children; (2) for the reappraisal effect of the up-regulation of positive emotion in children, the main effects of depression, gender, and the interaction between them are not significant; for the reappraisal effect of the down-regulation of negative emotion, the main effect of depression was significant, but the main effects of gender and depression-gender interaction were not significant; (3) depression has significant positive association with total gazing time bias score of sad faces, and the total gazing time bias score of sad faces played a mediating role between children's depression and the tendency of using cognitive reappraisal. The hypotheses of this study were well verified by these results.The present study revealed the influence of depression on cognitive and emotional functions among school-age children, and also supported the view of previous studies that the attentional disengagement of sad emotional stimuli is the attention bias component that more closely related to depression, rather than the original attentional orientation. In addition, depression can indirectly influence the daily use of cognitive reappraisal strategy in children through the attention bias for sad expression.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2023-02-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为探究不同植被土壤碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）化学计量特征及其影响因素，以黄土丘陵区油松、刺槐、沙棘和草地4种典型退耕恢复植被0~100 cm土壤为研究对象，分析不同植被土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（STN）、全磷（STP）含量及其化学计量特征。结果表明：（1）不同恢复植被对土壤养分含量有显著影响，刺槐的SOC、STN最高，油松的SOC、STN最低，STP表现为草地>刺槐>油松>沙棘。（2）不同恢复植被土壤养分具有表聚性，随土层深度增加，SOC和STN含量呈下降趋势，而STP的变异性较弱。特别是刺槐的SOC和STN在60~100 cm呈增加趋势。（3）不同恢复植被土壤SOC:STN（C:N）、SOC:STP（C:P）差异不显著（P>0.05），刺槐的土壤STN:STP（N:P）显著高于其他植被类型（P<0.05），土壤C:N、C:P、N:P均低于全球及全国平均水平，研究区有机质的分解速率较快，P的有效性高，植被生长主要受N元素限制。（4）研究区土壤C:N、C:P和N:P主要受SOC和STN影响；土壤养分与土壤含水量（SWC）和土壤容重（BD）呈负相关，与土壤粉粒（slit）和黏粒（clay）含量呈正相关，STP对土壤细颗粒的响应强度大于SOC和STN。研究区土壤化学计量在不同退耕恢复植被间差异显著，其中刺槐的土壤养分含量较其他植被类型更好，可为该地区植被恢复工作进一步开展提供参考。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2021-08-11 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：为了研究稳定同位素质量平衡法在寒旱区封闭型内陆湖泊水量平衡计算中的适用性，以内蒙古高原达里湖作为研究区域，基于流域水体样品中氢氧稳定同位素（δD、δ18O）特征分析，讨论了δD、δ18O对水体蒸发和补给来源的指示作用。结果表明：夏季达里湖水体氢氧稳定同位素值不断减小，其主要受到降水过程的影响；冬季结冰过程使得氢氧同位素在冰体中富集。达里湖湖水δ18O-δD关系点落在了当地大气降水线的右下方，显示湖区水体蒸发最为强烈；部分河水和地下水δ18O-δD关系点落在当地大气降水线左上方，显示当地大气降水并非其地下水的主要补给来源。利用稳定同位素质量平衡法对2018年达里湖蒸发量和地下水补给量进行估算，结果显示年蒸发量约为2.69×108 m3,全年地下水补给量约为1.65×108 m3。在考虑动力分馏和初始水体同位素组成的条件下，利用水体稳定同位素分馏过程中δD与剩余水体比例的关系，计算得到达里湖湖水蒸发损失量约为初始水体的41%~46%。
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2017-04-10 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》
Abstract：对高铝 304 奥氏体不锈钢进行了温轧固溶处理，利用光学显微镜(OM)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、电子探针(EP- MA)分别分析合金的表面形貌、相组成及表面成分，并对其力学性能进行测试分析。结果表明，高铝合金组织 中，黑色铁素体相呈现条状、短杆状及部分颗粒状分布在白色奥氏体基体上，组织分布有方向性;大部分 Al 元 素固溶在基体中，伴有 AlN 等黑色相析出;随轧制温度增加，硬度和耐腐蚀性逐渐升高，伸长率达 47%左右;高 铝合金变形能力大幅度提高，1%Al (质量分数,下同)合金的抗拉强度可达766 MPa;合金的断口均是由大韧窝 (5~15 μm)和细小韧窝(≤5 μm)构成，不同轧制温度下合金的断裂形式相似，都属韧性断裂;相同轧制温度下 1.5%Al 不锈钢的耐腐蚀性较好。
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