Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-02-20 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Dysphagia，a prevalent geriatric syndrome，has been witnessing an upward trend in incidence rates，potentially leading to severe complications like aspiration pneumonia and asphyxia. Despite its significance， research on the prevalence and determinants of dysphagia among community-dwelling elderly remains scarce. Objective This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of dysphagia among Shanghai's elderly community by identifying influencing factors and analyzing occurrence rates and determinants across different age brackets. Methods Employing a cross-sectional survey approach，the study was conducted from July 2022 to May 2023. Using convenience sampling，the study involved 358 individuals aged 60 and above，selected from the outpatient and home care services of five community health service centers in Huangpu， Baoshan and Fengxian Districts of Shanghai. Demographic data were collected，and measurements of the Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index（ASMI），grip strength，and walking speed were taken. The Eating Assessment Tool-10（EAT-10）was utilized to assess the risk of dysphagia among the elderly. Results Out of the 358 community-dwelling elderly individuals surveyed， 80（22.35%）exhibited symptoms of dysphagia（EAT-10 ≥ 3）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis identified advanced age（ ≥ 80 years）（OR=18.484，95%CI=3.571-95.679），depressive state（OR=4.135，95%CI=1.280-13.364），and a history of choking（OR=13.650，95%CI=4.345-42.877） as significant risk factors for dysphagia（P<0.05）. Conversely， a high Barthel Index（OR=0.891，95%CI=0.832-0.953）and a robust ASMI（OR=0.330，95%CI=0.199-0.547）emerged as protective factors（P<0.05）. When stratified by age，the prevalence rates of dysphagia were 5.0%（6/119），11.1%（16/144）， and 61.1%（58/95）for the age groups 60~69，70~79，and ≥ 80 respectively，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. Significant disparities were noted between dysphagia and non-dysphagia groups in terms of BMI，ASMI，and depression status for ages 60~69（P<0.05），grip strength，calf circumference，depression，Barthel Index，and choking history for ages 70-79 （P<0.05），and ASMI，grip strength，walking speed，Barthel Index，MMSE scores，and choking history for ages ≥ 80 （P<0.05）. Within the dysphagia cohort，ASMI and grip strength in the 70~79 and ≥ 80 age groups were lower compared to the 60~69 age group（P<0.05）. The walking speed of individuals aged ≥ 70 was reduced relative to those aged 60~69（P<0.05）. Additionally，individuals aged ≥ 80 showed a higher choking incidence and scored lower on the Barthel Index and MMSE than those aged 60~79（P<0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of dysphagia among community-dwelling elderly in Shanghai is notably high and progressively increases with age，with a corresponding rise in influencing factors. It is imperative to intensify dysphagia screening，particularly among the elderly with depressive symptoms or a history of choking. Enhancing muscle mass and self-care capabilities，coupled with age-specific preventive measures，can substantially alleviate the disease burden and improve prognoses.
Subjects: Management Science >> Science ology and Management submitted time 2023-06-15 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： This study starts with the new requirements for the popularization of science put forward at the 20th National Congress of the CPC, and proposes the development ideas for modernizing the popularization of science. It is deeply analyzed the dialectical relationship between the popularization of science and modernization with Chinese characteristics, sorted out how the popularization of science has strongly supported and promoted modernization with Chinese characteristics in history, studied the new situation and problems facing scientific innovation and popularization in the current process of modernization, and put forward the direction for innovative development of the popularization of science in the new era under the guidance of the goal of modernization with Chinese characteristics. The connotation and scope of modernizing the popularization of science are systematically expounded, and five essential characteristics are proposed: modernizing goals, systems, coordination, mechanisms, and means. Furthermore, from three aspects: the vigorous development of undertakings for the popularization of science, the full satisfaction of public demand, the complete and efficient system for the popularization of science, the smooth transformation of innovation achievements, the deeply rooted scientific culture, and the continuous optimization of innovation environment, the vision and goal for modernizing the popularization of science are put forward. Based on this, the construction ideas and implementation paths for modernizing the popularization of science are proposed.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The construction of China-Myanmar-Indian Ocean New Channel is of far-reaching significance for adapting to the reconstruction of the global industrial chain and supply chain, building a new development pattern of domestic and international double circulation, and effectively breaking the “Malacca dilemma”. The research group of Institutes of Science and Development in Chinese Academy of Sciences systematically carried out the research on the strategy of China-Myanmar-Indian Ocean New Channel construction based on the logical vision of the double helix methodology in think tanks, and creatively proposed the strategic layout of the “double Y” China-Myanmar-Indian Ocean New Channel. The research group further proposed that under this “double Y” layout, the construction of China-Myanmar-Indian Ocean New Channel will be promoted mainly through the cross-border multimodal transportation mode of ocean shipping, highway and railway in the near future and the mode of ocean shipping and railway in the medium and long term. At present, the construction of the China-Myanmar-Indian Ocean New Channel has been actively advancing in the direction of normalization, scaling, specialization and efficiency.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： With the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and accelerated industrial transformation and the rapid development of interdisciplinary research, the basic research is shifting from the exploratory behavior of individual scientist to a more organized form. This article raised the conceptualizing framework of “organized basic research”, revealed its characteristics and major types. The article also discussed and clarified several important issues in relate to the organized basic research, that it should stick to the goal of scientific development, it should be led by scientists, and academic freedom would always constitute as its foundation.
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