Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract:育人成效是衡量我国现代大学书院制度人才培养方式的一项重要指标。本文通过对南方科技大学601名在校生及校友进行书院满意度问卷调查发现,书院制在空间和人文育人方面进展顺利,对文化育人的满意度有待提高。客观认识和评价书院育人成效,促进育人模式的发展,为培养人格健全、全面发展的创新型人才做出贡献,对在世界高等教育舞台展现中国高校书院制度的魅力具有重要意义。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-03-05 Cooperative journals: 《第八届海峡两岸暨港澳地区高校现代书院制教育论坛 》
Abstract:自1949年新亚书院成立,到2005年复旦大学进行书院制探索,到2020年清华大学在“强基计划”推进下成立五大书院,书院制已经发展成为我国的一种新型高校管理模式。然而,随着高等教育的多元发展,我国高校书院制与西方住宿学院制相比,面临着社会、校内各单位部门协同、区域人才创新压力等诸多难题。研究者对书院制的概念界定模糊不清,对不同社会背景下的高校书院制发展各执一词,对书院的通识教育体系及规划缺乏确切认识,这些都在一定程度上影响了书院制在高校内的发展。本文以南方科技大学为例,探索在高等教育变迁的条件下,教育资源发展要素对书院通识教育体系的影响。
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: In the era of big science, the innovation chain and the industry chain are deeply integrated, promoting the continuous evolution of the underlying logic of the “linear model” and the “Pasteur’s quadrant”. The world scientific research is gradually evolving to the collaborative interaction of innovative subjects and the system integration of various elements. On the basis of in-depth exploration of the linear model and Pasteur’s quadrant, SIAT focuses on creating a closed-loop ecology of the innovation chain and industrial chain. By integrating science and industry from design to advancing, SIAT has built a “butterfly pattern”,which integrates and reconstructs the “0–1–10” in the vertical level, and consolidates the “10–∞” through complex interaction of cross-border elements in the horizontal level. SIAT has also carried out further systematic exploration and practice, effectively promoting the formation and expansion of new industries and new formats.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: In the field of synthetic biology research, the massive scale of trial-and-error experiments in engineering goes far beyond the traditional labor-intensive research paradigm, so it needs a transformative engineering research platform. With the introduction of various types of intelligent equipment to meet the production needs, engineering platforms carry out a large-scale of customization and research paradigm innovation, to realize the remote customization, offsite design, and economic scale production of organisms. Engineering platforms can accumulate experience and knowledge quickly, and serve as the scientific basis for the predictive synthesis of organisms. This article will introduce some cases and development trends of engineering platforms, as well as upstream and downstream institutions for synthetic biology research.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-19 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract: In the field of medical applications, synthetic biology researchers design genetic circuits to modify human cells, or to modify synthetic organisms such as bacteria and viruses and make them interact with the human body. These artificially designed organisms are capable of perceiving disease-specific signals or artificial signals, targeting abnormal cells and foci, expressing reporter molecules or releasing therapeutic drugs, thus enabling the monitoring of human physiological conditions and the diagnosis and treatment of typical diseases such as tumors, metabolic diseases, and drug-resistant bacteria infections. This article will comprehensively describe some recent research progress.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2020-06-21 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract:利用主被动微波卫星(SMAP)土壤含水量数据,从相同空间尺度上对比了全球在运行系统中3种常见遥感干旱指数[距平植被指数(AVI)、植被健康指数(VHI)、植被供水指数(VSWI)]在哈萨克斯坦农业干旱监测上的一致性。通过皮尔森相关系数(r)和肯德尔秩相关系数(τ),分别检验干旱指数与土壤含水量及其在干旱等级判断上的相关性,以评估遥感在哈萨克斯坦作物生长季中后期干旱监测中的适用性。结果表明:不同干旱指数在该地区一致性不高。基于植被状况的遥感干旱指数与土壤含水量相关性较低,而结合植被和地表温度的综合指数具有显著正相关。不同土层比较上,VSWI指数与作物根区(0~100 cm)土壤含水具有较强相关性(r>0.6),表明其对植物生长季中后期的土壤含水状况有较好的响应能力。
Subjects: Biology >> Genetics submitted time 2018-03-16
Abstract: Mutations in PI3K and/or AKT have been reported in a variety of cancers. This indicates that the two pathways interact to cause cancer. We have therefore investigated their roles in gastric cancer (GC) in China. In our study, exons 9, 18 and 20 of PIK3CA gene and exons 6~14 of AKT2 gene were screened in 10 GC cell lines and 100 advanced primary GC together with matched normal tissues. Denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and DNA sequencing were used to analyze the mutations in the two genes. Two point mutations in the PIK3CA gene were identified in 4 of 10 GC cell lines and in 4 of 100 GC primary tumors. Two polymorphisms in AKT2 were detected in 19 of 100 GC primary tumors. One point mutation in AKT2 was detected in 1 of 10 GC cell lines and 3 of 100 GC primary tumors, and no hot spot variation was detected. Our results indicate that PIK3CA and AKT2 mutations are found in GC, although not a common event, therefore they might still play an important role in mediating kinase activities towards gastric carcinogenesis.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract: Tetracyclines have been widely used in bone histomorphometry to label new bone formation and apposition rate. However, most studies of tetracyclines have also shown their strong inhibitory action on osteoclasts and their effects on osteoblast activities as well. To even obtain the in-depth understanding on this issue, we have reviewed related studies in “Pubmed” by searching the keywords “tetracyclines and osteoclast”, “tetracyclines and osteoblast”, which retrieved 115 and 159 related documents, respectively. Among these papers, some described the application of tetracyclines as fluorescent marker in bone histomorphometry, while others discussed their role in protection of bone metabolism partly through inhibiting osteoclastogenesis or bone resorption and through enhancing osteogenesis. Based on the above mentioned, it seems that tetracyclines used as bone labeling markers may affect the results of bone histomorphometry to some extent. To even confirm the effect of tetracyclines on bone cells (osteoblast, osteoclast) and in vivo bone remodeling, related research work has been performed in our research team which indicated quite different results in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the influence of tetracyclines on bone may differ in terms of different conditions which need to be further elucidated as well.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Engineering and technical science >> Biomedical Engineering submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract: Limited to the system architecture in conventional CT, Artifacts induced by respiratory motion during routine diagnosis severely degrades the image quality. A novel micro-CT system performing well in a quasi-static way is proposed according to the principle of field emission. It employs 35 carbon nanotubes based x-ray tubes and 5 flat detectors, motion artifacts can be greatly suppressed by reducing the gantry rotation times and range under the control of the external sequential when compared with conventional CT system. To validate the feasibility of the proposed system, iterative reconstruction algorithm is adopted on simulation due to sparse sampling .
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract:对于城市大气环境模拟问题,高保真度往往意味着庞大的计算量,几何多尺度、高雷诺数等因素致使其求解非常具有挑战性,对计算机的硬件与算法都有极高的要求。寻求稳定、可扩展的高效并行数值算法以获取时效性强且可置信的数值结果是数值模拟的关键所在。基于国产大规模计算系统平台,本文通过对大规模非线性系统进行高效求解器和预处理技术的研究,提出一种可扩展并行Newton-Krylov-Schwarz算法。非线性方程采用非精确Newton方法进行求解,在每个Newton步,Jacobian系统通过基于区域分解方法的限制加性Schwarz 预 条件子处理,然后使用以GMRES方法为代表的Krylov子空间迭代法作为线性求解器进行求解。作为应用,我们对深圳地王大厦附近约一平方公里区域进行大气流场进行计算。数值结果显示,本文的算法在扩展至万核处理器平台时仍具有非常良好的可扩展并行性能,为未来对整个城市区域进行高精度(如网格分辨率达到米级,未知数个数达十亿量级)的大气环境模拟提供了一种可参考的算法。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc. submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract:受车型复杂、雷诺数高等因素影响,汽车外流场流动的数值计算规模巨大且难以精确求解。发展高效并行算法以利用超级计算平台资源成为该领域的研究热点。本文提出一种全隐格式的可扩展并行Newton-Krylov-Schwarz算法对某真实汽车的外流场流动问题进行计算,并与商业软件计算结果进行对比。数值结果显示,本文的算法在超过2000个处理器规模下仍具有很好的并行可扩展性。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Neurobiology Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology Subjects: Engineering and technical science >> Biomedical Engineering submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract: Hypnosis is an effective psychological technology in respiratory motion control. In this study, functional magnetic imaging was applied to an intra-subject (n=13) design hypnosis experiment guided by hypnotists to analyze the respiratory motion control and neural activity in hypnosis. As a result, increased brain activities were observed in visual cortex, sensorimotor cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and middle temporal gyrus, and decreased in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cerebellum posterior lobe and supramarginal gyrus. Moreover, compared with normal state, enhanced correlation of brain activities (normal state, r=0.64; hypnosis state, r=0.80) was observed within large-scale resting-state networks. Increased connectivity between sensorimotor cortex and visual cortex in hypnosis was also observed, which implies their critical roles in neural mechanisms of hypnosis for respiration control and involvement of cognitive and perceptual processing therein. This study provides new insights for hypnosis study in psychology and cognitive neuroscience.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-03-15
Abstract:基于区域的几何活动轮廓(Chan-Vese, CV)模型是乳腺超声图像常用的一种分割算法。但传统的CV模型不能满足乳腺超声图像分割精度高、速度快的要求。因此,文章提出了一种基于指数加权平均比率(Ratio of Exponential Weighted Average,ROEWA)算子改进的CV模型,用于乳腺超声图像中病灶区域的分割。首先,计算乳腺超声图像的ROEWA算子。其次,基于图像的ROEWA算子构建边缘指示函数,用于代替CV模型中的Dirac项。最后,去除平滑项,从而提高曲线演化的速度。实验结果表明,文章提出的算法不仅能提高分割的精度,而且能显著提高分割的速度。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering >> Mechanical Design submitted time 2018-03-14
Abstract:Precision reducer is one of the key parts of an industrial robot, which generally incorporates cycloidal planetary drive. Engagement of the cycloidal wheel and the pins causes rolling friction between the wheel and the pins as well as sliding friction between the pins and the pin housing in the traditional cycloidal transmission of the reducer. In this paper, we present a new kind of design to make the pins and the pin housing a whole structure, thereby the cost of manufacturing and assembly can be significantly reduced. And in this new structure, we only need to consider sliding friction between the cycloidal wheel and the unibody of the pins and pin housing. The difference between the new structure and the conventional structure in the meshing properties was given. In addition, we used finite element method to analyze the friction and contact stress between the cycloidal wheel and the pins in the actual working condition, and compared it with the traditional structure. The simulation results proved the feasibility of the new structure and provided a theoretical basis for further design and manufacturing of this new kind of cycloidal planetary drive structure.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-03-14
Abstract: Infrared physiotherapy is a new method with the application of infrared light to human body parts, whose effect has been widely reported in the treatment of various diseases. Nowadays,the effectiveness of the infrared physiotherapy wasgenerally assessed by the experience of the medical staffqualitatively. As the parameters of blood flow is the key of physiotherapy evaluation, using a noninvasive, safe, and real time monitoring way onblood flow during therapy will benefit guiding the physiotherapy arrangement to enhance the therapy effect.This paper proposes a method based on bioimpedance technology for infrared physiotherapy evaluation in human arm.Firstly, we choose the BIOPAC physiological information recorder as the core of measure system, withdouble-probe method to measure ECG signal, and four-probe way to synchronously measure the bioimpedance change of human armbefore, during and after the infrared irradiation. Then removing baseline drift and extracting feature points by using wavelet transform, applying simple Bayesian model to ensure the stability of the feature points.The experimental results show that (1)The arm bioimpedance signal characteristic frequency matches the heart rate with an average difference 0.09%-1.60%. (2)After the infrared irradiation, the ratio between secondary and the main wave peaks of arm bioimpedance rises 3.91%-13.05%, namely, bioimpedance can represent the change in arm blood flow, and sensitive enough to make an evaluation of infrared physiotherapy.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Engineering and technical science >> Biomedical Engineering submitted time 2018-03-14
Abstract: X-ray shading artifacts lead to CT number inaccuracy, image contrast loss and spatial non-uniformity, and therefore are considered as one of the fundamental limitations of CBCT. In order to solve this problem, a novel shading correction method was proposed. Specifically, we first use multi-threshold segmentation algorithm to segment the original CT image for constructing a template image where each structure is filled with the same CT number of a specific tissue type. Then, the L0 norm smoothing algorithm is used to smooth the CBCT image for constructing an image without texture. By subtracting the template from the image without texture, the residual images from various error sources are low-pass filtered to generate the estimated shading artifacts. Finally, the estimated shading artifacts are added back to the original image for shading correction. Compared with the CT image without correction, the proposed method reduces the overall CT number error from over 113 HU to be less than 13 HU and decreases the non-uniformity from over 9% to be less than 1%. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed shading correction method using L0 norm smoothing and image segmentation can effectively correct the shading artifacts and its feasibility in clinical application is validated.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering >> Mechanical Design submitted time 2018-03-14
Abstract: The cycloid drive usually has a cycloidal wheel meshing with pins to achieve transmission. The profile of the cycloidal wheel is generally a curve derived from an epitrochoid. This paper presents two design types of cycloid drive, the cycloidal wheel profile of one is internal offset of epicycloid and the other is external offset of hypocycloid. Parametric 3-D models of the two design types are constructed in AutoCAD. Dynamics simulation is carried out using machinery system dynamics simulation technology, and the correctness of the dynamics model is verified by the motion curve. The dynamic meshing force between the cycloidal wheel and the pins of the two design types is solved, and transmission characteristics are compared. The results show that the hypocycloidal drive design produces more stable output speed, and can improve meshing force.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review