Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： An increasing number of people treat pets as their family members. Although there is no specific indication, that people first think of traditional pets such as dogs or cats when referring to pets. In this study, traditional pets are defined as widely popular pets that are accompanied by human beings; Non-traditional pets are defined as unique and novel pets that are different from traditional cognition. The factors that lead to the difference in perception of pet moral standing are not only pet properties but also pet ownership status. Recently, psychologists have sought to explore the relationship between people and pets. Such research dilemmas are focused on traditional pet owners and their traditional pets, and few studies pay attention to the relationship between non-traditional pet owners and their non-traditional pets. Here, we aim to investigate whether pet properties, pet ownership status, and pet type can affect the perception of pet moral standing and its mechanism.To define the traditional pets and non-traditional pets in our study, we first conducted a pre-study (N = 29). For three studies, we used the snowball sampling technique to recruit participants voluntarily online via Qualtrics in Baidu Post Bar through a questionnaire. Study 1 explored the impact of pet ownership status, pet type, and pet properties on the perception of pet moral standing, N = 146 (traditional pet owners: 41, non-traditional pet owners: 53; women: 77). In Study 2, based on controlling the basic moral orientation, the influence of pet ownership status and pet type on the perception of pet moral standing was reverified, N = 148 (traditional pet owners: 72; women: 74). Study 3 further explored the mechanism of this effect, the purpose is to investigate the empathy for animals in the relationship between pet attachment and the perception of traditional pet moral standing, N = 202 (women: 108).The results showed that: (1) The perception of traditional pet moral standing is higher than that of non-traditional pets, agency, experience and harmfulness played a mediating role; (2) Compared to non-pet owners, pet owners perceived a higher pet moral standing; Compared to non-traditional pet owners, traditional pet owners perceived a higher traditional pet moral standing; There was no significant difference in the perception of non-traditional pets moral standing; (3) The empathy for animals played a mediating role between the traditional pet owners pet attachment and the perception of traditional pet moral standing.Pet speciesism also exists in pets, traditional pets are higher in the hierarchy than non-traditional pets. Pet owners regard pets as psychological-kin and in-group members. The positive attitude towards pets in communication and interaction can be extended to all pets. When further subdividing the pet owners, this positive attitude is more obvious in the traditional pet owners. This may be because traditional pet owners are more idealistic, and the two-way emotional attachment between traditional pet owners and pets leads to stronger empathy for animals, which ultimately manifests as a more positive moral attitude towards traditional pets. There is no preference for non-traditional pets in non-traditional pet owners, it may be to gain social approval or a strong attachment with pets isn't formed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation submitted time 2023-04-03
Abstract： AI chatbots can replicate human guidance to improve user engagement and efficacy in Internet-based Self-help Interventions (ISIs), thanks to the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. However, the study of chatbots’ mechanisms is still in its early stages. To deepen the rational understanding of this issue, we propose a theoretical model based on the human-computer relationship that adapts to the ISIs situation: chatbots can develop Human-Chatbot Relationships (HCRs) through the four stages of anthropomorphic attribution, utilitarian value judgment, attachment relationship development and the establishment of Digital Therapeutic Alliance (DTA) to improve user engagement. In future research, there is a need to further enrich and evaluate the key HCRs theories, construct chatbots based on the HCRs theory, examine additional variables that affect HCRs, unify operational definitions of engagement, and develop appropriate engagement measurement methods.
Subjects: Psychology >> Applied Psychology Subjects: Computer Science >> Natural Language Understanding and Machine Translation submitted time 2022-10-22
Abstract： To address the issue of users’ poor engagement, researchers have recently integrated the therapeutic alliance (TA) concept with Internet-based self-help interventions (ISIs). Digital therapeutic alliance (DTA) are TAs established within a digital environment. A chatbot can replicate human guidance due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence, and it is easier to establish relationships with users than traditional ISIs. Furthermore, it may enhance DTA through amiability, respectfulness, attentiveness, encouragement, sincere comprehension, and mutual trust, which presents a novel solution to this issue. Future research can investigate DTA from the perspectives of affecting factors, technology iteration of ISIs, measurement specification, and experimental manipulation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2021-09-07
Abstract： " Social exclusion exists widely, has a negative impact on human cognition, affection and behavior. It impairs individual’s cognitive function and results in difficulties in making rational judgements and decisions. Studies showed that people who experienced social exclusion tended towards risk seeking in risky decision making. Intertemporal decision-making is a particular type of decision-making and it has high similarity with risk decision-making in theoretical development and neural basis. However, whether and how social exclusion affects intertemporal decision-making is largely unknown. Our research aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of social exclusion that affects the two stages of intertemporal decision-making: evaluation and selection. Additionally, the transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS, a non-invasive brain stimulation technology) would be applied to stimulate the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rvlPFC) which can regulate a range of negative effects from social exclusion, so as to improve the excluded’s intertemporal decision-making capability. The results of this study would shed light on how interpersonal factors affect the intertemporal choice and how to improve the excludeds' ability of intertemporal decision-making, consequently, benefit their quality of life and personal achievement. "
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