分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 分类: 环境科学技术及资源科学技术 >> 环境工程学 分类: 统计学 >> 经济统计学 提交时间: 2025-05-30
摘要: 建筑业作为能源消耗与碳排放的关键领域,其碳减排举措对于实现“双碳”目标具有重要战略意义。研究基于2000-2021年中国上市建筑企业数据,实证探究数字化转型对碳减排的效应及作用路径。结果表明,数字化转型能够显著降低企业碳排放强度,主要通过推动绿色技术创新、提高全要素生产率、优化生产流程与经营结构三条路径实现。异质性分析表明,数字技术对行业竞争激烈企业的减排效应更为显著,区域间碳减排差异显著。本文为建筑领域碳中和路径提供参考依据。
分类: 管理学 >> 管理工程 分类: 能源科学 >> 能源计算与测量 提交时间: 2025-04-23
摘要: 【目的]本研究旨在探讨政府数智化建设对全要素能源效率的影响及其区域异质性,为能源政策制定提供实证依据。[方法]基于我国30个省级行政区2011-2021年的面板数据,构建政府数智化建设指标体系,采用熵值法测算其水平;运用超效率SBM模型计算全要素能源效率;利用因果森林模型实证分析两者关系及其异质性。[结论]政府数智化建设对全要素能源效率具有显著正向促进作用,平均处理效应为0.1841。区域异质性明显,东部地区提升效果最强,中西部地区较弱。经济发展水平、城镇化水平、智能设备投入和技术应用程度是关键影响因素。[建议]政策应注重区域特征,加大对中西部数智化基础设施投入,推动传统产业智能化转型,全面提升能源效率。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-11-28
摘要: China’s total carbon emissions account for one-third of the world’s total. How to reach the peak of carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 is an important policy orientation at present. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the characteristics and driving factors of temporal and spatial evolution on the basis of effective calculation and prediction of carbon emissions in various provinces for promoting high-quality economic development and realizing carbon emission reduction. Based on the energy consumption data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2021, this paper calculates and predicts the total carbon emissions of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2035 based on ARIMA model and BP neural network model, and uses ArcGIS and standard elliptic difference to visually analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics, and further uses LMDI model to decompose the driving factors affecting carbon emissions.
分类: 统计学 >> 经济统计学 分类: 能源科学 >> 能源计算与测量 提交时间: 2024-10-20
摘要: 中国碳排放总量占全球的三分之一,如何在2030年前达到碳排放峰值,并在2060年前实现碳中和,保证“双碳”目标的有效实现是当前重要的政策取向。因此,在有效测算和预测各省碳排放的基础上,对时空演变的特征及驱动因素进行分析,对于推进经济高质量发展的同时实现碳减排具有重要意义。本文采用2000—2021年中国30个省份能源耗费数据,基于ARIMA模型和BP神经网络模型,测算并预测了2000—2035年中国30个省份碳排放总量,采用ArcGIS和标准椭圆差对时空演变特征进行了可视化分析,进一步利用LMDI模型对影响碳排放的驱动因素进行了分解。研究结果表明:(1)2000—2035年,我国碳排放总量逐年递增,但碳排放增长率逐渐降低;碳排放结构为“第二产业>居民生活>第三产业>第一产业”,第二产业和居民生活碳的增长速度较快,第一产业和第三产业变化趋势较小;(2)我国各省碳排放的空间分布呈现典型的“东部>中部>西部”,“北部>南部”的分布格局,碳排放中心有向西北移动的趋势;(3)数字经济、产业结构高级化以及新质生产力发展水平较高的地区碳排放相对较少,具有显著的组别差异效应;(4)能源消费强度效应是驱动碳排放不断增长主要因素,人均GDP和能源消费结构效应是抑制碳排放的主要因素,产业结构和人口规模效应的影响相对较小。基于研究结论,从能源结构、产业结构、新质生产力和数字经济等方面提出了政策建议。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源计算与测量 分类: 统计学 >> 经济统计学 提交时间: 2024-08-20
摘要: Based on the energy consumption data of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2021, thispaper estimates and predicts the total carbon emissions of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2035using ARIMA model and BP neural network model. ArcGIS and standard elliptic difference are usedto visually analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics, and LMDI model is further used todecompose the driving factors affecting carbon emissions. The results show that: (1) China’s totalcarbon emissions increased year by year from 2000 to 2035, but the growth rate of carbon emissionsdecreased gradually; The carbon emission structure is "secondary industry > residents’ livelihood >tertiary industry > primary industry". the growth rate of carbon in secondary industry and residents’livelihood is relatively fast, while the change trend of primary industry and tertiary industry is relativelysmall. (2) the spatial distribution of carbon emissions in China’s provinces presents a typical "eastern >central > western" and "northern > southern" distribution pattern, with the carbon emission centermoving to the northwest; (3) The regions with higher development level of digital economy, industrialstructure and new quality productivity have relatively less carbon emissions, with significant groupdifference effect; (4) Energy consumption intensity effect is the main factor to drive the continuousgrowth of carbon emissions, per capital GDP and energy consumption structure effect are the mainfactors to curb carbon emissions, and the impact of industrial structure and population size effect isrelatively small. Based on the research conclusions, policy suggestions are put forward from theaspects of energy structure, industrial structure, new quality productivity and digital economy
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 分类: 核科学技术 >> 裂变堆工程技术 分类: 核科学技术 >> 粒子加速器 分类: 核科学技术 >> 乏燃料后处理技术 提交时间: 2024-06-30
摘要: Accelerator Driven sub-critical System (ADS) is considered to be the most important candidate for nuclear waste transmutation. We propose a Multi-Target Accelerator Driven System (MTADS) to resolve two longstanding challenges of ADS, namely heat removal and the associated target lifetime, and inhomogeneous power distribution that affects burn-up of the reactor. An 18 mA, 1 GeV proton beam is split into 12 beams by radio frequency cavities and injected to 12 compact targets inside the reactor. With beam power of 18 MW, the sub-critical reactor is driven to 1500 MW thermal power. The peaking factor of the reactor is reduced to 1.7 by optimization of targets number and position for Multi Target Accelerator Driven System. The maximum beam current density is also reduced to 18.5 μA/cm2, which prolongs the beam window lifetime to 12 months with T91 steel. Towards the next generation ADS, the concept of MTADS simplifies the sub-critical system and increases the transmutation efficiency.
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 分类: 核科学技术 >> 核聚变工程技术 提交时间: 2024-04-02
摘要: 托卡马克等离子体破裂会产生逃逸电流,如不进行抑制,其携带的巨大能量将对设备造成严重破坏。本文使用DREAM程序中的流体模型,研究注入氘氩/氖混合气体对破裂逃逸电流的影响。研究表明,注入氘氩/氖混合气体可以抑制最终形成的平台逃逸电流。在讨论的破裂前等离子体电流Ip范围内,最优条件下氩/氖在混合气体中的含量应在0.50% ~ 0.70%,氘的注入量应在1020 m-3 ~ 1021 m-3。在这个范围外,氘氩/氖混合气体注入对逃逸电流的抑制效果都会减弱,甚至会增大逃逸电流。破裂前等离子体电流Ip是影响逃逸电流的关键因素。Ip越大,形成的逃逸电流越大,也需要注入更多的混合气体。在Ip高达10 MA的聚变堆级托卡马克装置上,注入混合气体的密度需要达到1022 m-3,这是目前大量气体注入(Massive Gas Injection, MGI)技术所不能达到的,通过散裂弹丸注入氘氩/氖混合物将是更加可行的方式。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-04-02
摘要: In this article, a numerical analysis is done on the temperature of 4 plate-shaped battery cells with phase change material (PCM) chambers around each one in a rectangular shape. The batteries are placed in a channel with air flow. The study is done transiently in a time of ten minutes. The batteries are of lithium ion type and the analysis is provided in two dimensions. The battery cells are arranged in the form of two single battery cells at the beginning, and end of the channel and two battery cells in the middle of the channel. These two middle batteries are placed in parallel. By changing the distance between the two middle batteries from two to three cm, this study is conducted to investigate the temperature of each of the four battery cells and changes in the amount of frozen PCM. Finally, the results showed that the temperature of the two batteries at the beginning and the end, increased continuously during the ten minutes of the study. At a distance of three cm from the middle batteries, the lowest temperature occurred on the first and last batteries, while at the same distance, the highest temperature occurred on the middle ones. At a distance of two cm from the middle batteries, the lowest amount of frozen PCM was observed, while at a distance of three cm from the middle batteries, the highest amount of frozen PCM was found on the first and last batteries.
分类: 能源科学 >> 储能技术 提交时间: 2024-03-31
摘要: This work experimentally explores the influence of thesodiumchloride pollution on thePEMFC performancein the marine saltsprayenvironment by analyzing the concentration diffusion characteristics of the sodium chloride in thePEMFC membraneelectrodes. Firstly, a set of experiments were carried out to determine the distribution of the sodium chloride components in the membrane electrodes, where five different salt spray environments (i.e., 100mg/L, 200mg/L, 300mg/L, 400mg/L, and 500mg/L of the salt component, respectively) were used/employed to analyze the concentration diffusion characteristics of the sodium chloride. Then, the obtained samples were microscopically characterized and elementally analyzed by thefield emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and the energy spectrometry. Subsequently, a least squares-based model was proposed to predict the diffusion rate of the contaminatingions inthe membrane electrodes. Lastly, the pollution of the sodium chloride was evaluated/assessed to reveal theperformance degradationof the PEMFCs. The experimental results demonstrated that (1) the sodium chloride fraction existed as crystals orions inthe membrane electrodes in the marine salt spray environment; (2) the sodium chloride poisoning was founded in theproton exchange membranein the form ofsodium ions; (3) and the sodium-to-chloride ratio was proportional to the contamination time and the salt spray in the proton exchange membrane.
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-03-29
摘要: Considering the huge consumption of traditional energy and the rising demand for electricity, the development of renewable energy is very necessary. In this paper, an energy system integrating biomass energy, solar and two-stage organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is proposed, which uses the stable energy output of biomass energy to compensate for the volatility of solar modules. The proposed system comprises a biomass boiler, photovoltaic thermal panels (PV/T), evaporators, condensers, working medium pumps, turbines, a preheater and an air preheater. In addition, conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental (3E) analyses are carried out. Conventional 3E analyses reveal two components that require priority improvement. They are respectively evaporator 1 with the largest exergy destruction (708.2kW) and exergy destruction environmental impact rate (775.3 mPt/h) and evaporator 2 with the largest exergy destruction cost rate (19.15$/h).The results of advanced 3E analyses show that the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction is condenser 1 (136.6kW), the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction cost rate is condenser 2 (3.377$/h),and the largest avoidable endogenous exergy destruction environmental impact rate is condenser 1 (196.1mPt/h). These mean that these components have great potential for improvement in reducing exergy destruction, saving cost and protecting the environment. In addition, the avoidable endogenous exergy destruction/cost/environmental impact rate of evaporator 2 are negative, so evaporator 2 is not suitable as a priority component for improvement, which is contrary to the conclusions of conventional 3E analyses. It is found that conventional 3E analyses can only point out the biggest exergy destruction point, but cannot indicate whether the components with the greatest exergy destruction have the greatest potential for improvement. However, advanced 3E analyses can show the improvement potential of each component by improving its own performance and the external conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct advanced 3E analyses.
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-03-28
摘要: With rapidly increasing consumption of energy, shipping industry has imposed a huge burden on the marine environment. It is a general trend to increase the use of renewable energy on ships to improve the ship sustainability. This article summarized the current development and application of solar energy, wind energy and fuel cell in ship power systems. Furthermore, in order to investigate the advantages of sustainable design for the ships, for the first time, a hybrid PV, wind and fuel cell energy system was established for an oil tanker, and the economic and environmental analyses of the hybrid system were performed. The analysis results demonstrate that the optimal hybrid energy system can reduce 151,467kg emission of CO2 and provide 2.92% electricity for the ship gird per year.
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 能源科学 >> 能源计算与测量 提交时间: 2024-01-31
摘要: 这段文字主要介绍了采用仪器云高精度计算的智能电表远程在线检测系统的开发与应用。首先,介绍了传统的智能电表远程在线检测系统技术的发展历程,以及这些系统的局限性和挑战。然后,介绍了本课题的由来,包括仪器云环境下仪器虚拟化技术的提出和云计算环境下仪器虚拟化技术的研究,以及国家电网的需求和挑战。重点讨论了采用仪器云高精度计算的智能电表远程在线检测系统的开发项目,包括云计算环境下仪器虚拟化技术的原理和应用,以及该系统的优势和市场前景。该系统的开发将有助于解决传统智能电表远程在线检测系统的局限性和挑战,提高计量准确性和智能诊断的准确性,同时降低系统成本,有利于系统的推广应用。
分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 计量学 分类: 工程与技术科学 >> 仪器仪表技术 分类: 能源科学 >> 能源计算与测量 提交时间: 2024-01-29
摘要: 本文主要介绍了国网在20世纪90年代初期开始采用脉冲电能表的远程自动抄表系统技术,并随着电子式电表和智能电表的推出,本地与远程通信技术得到了快速更新,推动了远程自动抄表系统技术的发展。国网在2010-2018年间开展了省级电网用电信息采集系统的规模化建设,投资了大量资金用于采集设备和用户工程建设。到2018年底,国网运行的智能电表数量达到了4.58亿只,用电信息采集系统的用户覆盖率达到了99.87%。在通信技术方面,文本提到了本地通信方式和远程通信方式的发展历程。本地通信方式经历了从窄带电力线载波通信技术到宽带电力线载波通信技术的演进,而远程通信方式则先后采用了GPRS和4G公网无线通信等。本文还介绍了窄带电力线载波通信技术的缘起、发展以及逐渐淡出市场的过程,以及宽带电力线载波通信技术的兴起和发展。
分类: 统计学 >> 应用统计数学 分类: 计算机科学 >> 计算机应用技术 分类: 数学 >> 建模与仿真 分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2024-01-01
摘要: The surging demand for new energy vehicles is propelled by the call to conserve energy, curtail emissions, and enhance the ecological ambience. By conducting behavioral analysis and mining, particular usage patterns of new en#2;ergy vehicles are pinpointed. Regrettably, these models decrease their environ#2;mental shielding efficiency. For instance, overloading the battery, operating with low battery power, and driving at excessive speeds can all detrimentally affect the battery's performance. To assess the impact of such driving behavior on the urban ecology, an environmental computational modeling method has been pro#2;posed to simulate the interaction between new energy vehicles and the environ#2;ment. To extend the time series data of the vehicle's entire life cycle and the eco#2;logical environment within the model sequence data, I utilized the LSTM deep learning method with Bayesian optimizer optimization parameters for longer simulation. The analysis revealed the detrimental effects of poor driving behavior on the environment
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源系统工程 提交时间: 2023-10-31
摘要: 蓄热技术可解决零碳热能在时间、空间或强度上存在的供给与需求不匹配的问题,是建筑及城市能源系统实现碳中和的关键技术之一。对于我国北方城镇集中供热系统,若能通过跨季节蓄热技术储存全年采集的各类低品位余热,就可以利用这些热源全面满足北方城镇的冬季采暖需求,也能合理利用我国北方城镇地区现有集中供热热网的基础设施优势。但是,跨季节水体蓄热(或称蓄热水库)尚未实现技术突破和大规模应用,主要原因之一是超大规模蓄热水体内部流动和传热过程的基本原理尚不明晰,并且冷热掺混导致的温度品位损失模型也尚未建立,导致了现阶段我国工程研究人员缺乏足够的理论工具以开展超大规模水体蓄热装置的设计工作、也无法准确预测并评价水体蓄热的具体性能。我国亟需开展针对大型跨季节蓄热技术开展流体力学、传热学基础研究,并建立包括跨季节蓄热技术热学性能评价体系。针对以上研究需求,本研究报告拟从以下五个章节论述跨季节蓄热技术的重点基础理论问题:第一章介绍了跨季节蓄热的技术概况,列举了主要技术路径和特点,并重点阐述了现有跨季节蓄热工程温度品位损失过大的共性问题,指出热量不可逆传递是导致温度品位损失的关键原因;同时展示了以 火用 效率为代表的现有指标在评价蓄热损失特性方面的局限性,并明确了构建蓄热装置不可逆性评价体系的研究需求。第二章阐述了本研究构建的蓄热过程不可逆评价体系,首先,基于蓄热原理提出蓄热技术的再分类方法:流体置换式蓄热与换热器式蓄热;对比分析了熵、 火积 及最大做功能力作为评价参数在描述不可逆内部热量传递问题时的相互转换关系与区别,重点强调了 火积 及 火积 耗散参数在分析蓄热不可逆特性的优势。此外,基于蓄热过程为非平衡态、蓄热介质为连续体、并具有动量和热量耦合传递现象等物理特征,提出了描述 火积 参数传递与耗散现象的偏微分方程的不可逆特性分析方法。第三章提出了以跨季节蓄热介质为对象的 火积 耗散分析方法,首先,基于蓄热介质中的 火积 平衡原则定义了 火积 效率,并根据水体蓄热与地埋管蓄热的热传递原理提出区分理想过程与实际过程的 火积 耗散分析方法;推导了理想与实际过程下两类蓄热过程中的介质 火积 耗散解析解,并重点结合湍流理论和涡粘度模型提出湍流蓄热介质 火积 耗散的通用表达式;对比分析了水体蓄热与地埋管蓄热的 火积 耗散水平,并指出水体置换蓄热更适宜长周期蓄热的本质原因,也明确了尽量降低冷热掺混强度和相应 火积 耗散水平的工程设计方向。第四章介绍了蓄热水库的流动传热现象,从以温度分层为核心特点的蓄热水库的基本流动过程和传热过程两方面,概述基本现象和控制方程。第五章则深入分析蓄热水库水体冷热掺混现象的机理,首先分析了冷热掺混对应的传输现象的基本准则,并从三类冷热掺混的基本机理:宏观流动挟掺、剪切不稳定性导致的微观湍流掺混、内波破碎掺混分别开展物理现象和模型描述,通过论述自然分层水体、冷却池等同样展现温度分层特征的水体中的冷热掺混现象,类比分析蓄热水库中可能出现的冷热掺混情况。最后,第六章总结了本报告的主要研究成果,并通过提出四项研究蓄热水库 火积 耗散的关键问题展望未来研究。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2023-08-23 合作期刊: 《中国科学院院刊》
摘要: 加快规划建设新型能源体系是党的二十大报告的新提法和新论断,为我国能源事业指明了新的发 展方向,具有重要战略意义。站在新的起点上,该如何准确理解新型能源体系的核心要义,新型能源体系包 含了哪些重点建设任务,应当在哪些关键点寻求突破,又有哪些重要关系需要揭示和兼顾,文章基于我国能 源领域当前面临的背景形势对上述问题予以梳理分析并提出对策建议,为我国加快规划建设新型能源体系提 供决策参考。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2022-10-26 合作期刊: 《桂林电子科技大学学报》
摘要: 气凝胶具有高孔隙率和低热导率,能够吸收太阳光并转换为热能加热液态水,因此被广泛应用于太阳能驱动水蒸 发领域,可以实现高效的海水淡化和污水处理。为了提高气凝胶的水蒸发速率,选择吸水性好的聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为基 底,聚多巴胺(PDA)为亲水改性材料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,通过冷冻干燥法制备PAM-PDA-PEG(PG-PAM)改性气 凝胶。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计(UV-vis-NIR)、水接触角和拉曼 光谱(Raman)对改性气凝胶的微观形貌、化学组成、光学性质、亲水性及水状态进行了表征。还利用模拟蒸发系统测试了 PAM-PDA-PEG的光热转换性能。结果表明,纯PAM的光热转换性能较弱,但经过改性后的PAM-PDA-PEG气凝胶不仅 具有良好的吸光性和亲水性,还蕴含大量的中间水,可以有效地降低蒸发所需要的能量。经过测试,PAM-PDA-PEG在 1 kWm-2的光强下蒸发速率达到2.40 kgm-2h-1,是纯PAM 的5倍。此外,脱盐和染料去除实验证明了PAM-PDAPEG 实际应用能力。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2022-05-30
摘要: Solar stills are considered an effective method to solve the scarcity of drinkable water. However, it is still missing a way to forecast its production. Herein, it is proposed that a convenient forecasting model which just needs to input the conventional weather forecasting data. The model is established by using machine learning methods of random forest and optimized by Bayesian algorithm. The required data to train the model is obtained from daily measurements lasting 9 months. To validate the accuracy model, the determination coefficients of two types of solar stills are calculated as 0.935 and 0.929, respectively, which are much higher than the value of both multiple linear regression (0.767) and the traditional models (0.829 and 0.847). Moreover, by appling the model, it is predicted that the freshwater production of four cities in China. The predicted production is approved to be reliable by a high value of correlation (0.868) between the predicted production and the solar insolation. With the help of the forecasting model, it would greatly promote the global application of solar stills.
分类: 计算机科学 >> 计算机科学技术其他学科 分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2021-08-11
摘要: 负荷预测是电网系统中很多应用的关键部分,具有重要作用。然而,由于电网负荷的非线性、时变性和不确定性,使得准确预测负荷具有一定的挑战。充分挖掘负荷序列的潜在特征是提升预测准确率的关键。本文认为在特征提取时应该充分利用负荷序列的位置信息、趋势性、周期性和时间信息,同时还应构建更深层次的神经网络框架进行特征挖掘。因此,本文提出了基于特征嵌入和Transformer框架的负荷预测模型,该模型由特征嵌入层,Transformer层和预测层组成。在特征嵌入层,模型首先对历史负荷的位置信息、趋势性、周期性和时间信息进行特征嵌入,然后再与天气信息进行融合,得到特征向量。Transformer层则接受历史序列的特征向量并挖掘序列的非线性时序依赖关系。预测层通过全连接网络实现负荷预测。从实验结果来看,本文模型的预测性能优于对比模型,体现了该模型的可行性和有效性。
分类: 能源科学 >> 能源(综合) 提交时间: 2020-07-31
摘要: 地热作为清洁稳定的绿色能源,在我国实现北方清洁供暖、全国能源结构转型中起到重要作用。可持续开发地热资源是地热开发利用的前提,而通过数值模拟的方法求解数学模型是实现地热资源评价与提供优化开采方案以支撑地热可持续开发利用的关键工具,得到了地热从业人员和科研工作者越来越多的重视与关注。然而当前并没有专门针对地热开发利用所设计的专业软件,目前在地热行业使用较广泛的模型软件通常是相关行业(石油、水文、热工等)软件,难以满足地热资源开发利用的实际需求。更为重要的是,数值模拟软件往往操作复杂,使用极其不便。因此,我们开发了一款专门针对地热开发利用的中文软件---“地热计算器”,该软件在耦合开源数值模拟内核的基础上,采用最新研发的地热储工程优化算法,针对性地开发了地热行业所需的实际功能:如井距优化、资源量评价及地热能开采方案优化设计等,同时提供友好的用户交互界面,实现软件的“简易化”或者“一键操作”功能,让具备不同专业背景的地热从业人员均能够在短时间内掌握其操作,一方面促进地热行业数值模拟技术的应用,另一方面也为地热资源的可持续开发利用提供服务。