Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-04-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Vegetation restoration and reconstruction are effective approaches to desertification control and achieving social and economic sustainability in desert areas. However, the self-succession ability of native plants during the later periods of vegetation restoration remains unclear. Therefore, this study was conducted to bridge the knowledge gap by investigating the regeneration dynamics of artificial forest under natural conditions. The information of seed rain and soil seed bank was collected and quantified from an artificial Caragana korshinskii Kom. forest in the Tengger Desert, China. The germination tests were conducted in a laboratory setting. The analysis of species quantity and diversity in seed rain and soil seed bank was conducted to assess the impact of different durations of sand fixation (60, 40, and 20 a) on the progress of vegetation restoration and ecological conditions in artificial C. korshinskii forest. The results showed that the top three dominant plant species in seed rain were Echinops gmelinii Turcz., Eragrostis minor Host., and Agropyron mongolicum Keng., and the top three dominant plant species in soil seed bank were E. minor, Chloris virgata Sw., and E. gmelinii. As restoration period increased, the density of seed rain and soil seed bank increased first and then decreased. While for species richness, as restoration period increased, it gradually increased in seed rain but decreased in soil seed bank. There was a positive correlation between seed rain density and soil seed bank density among all the three restoration periods. The species similarity between seed rain or soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation decreased with the extension of restoration period. The shape of the seeds, specifically those with external appendages such as spines and crown hair, clearly had an effect on their dispersal, then resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank. In addition, precipitation was a crucial factor in promoting rapid germination, also resulting in lower seed density in soil seed bank. Our findings provide valuable insights for guiding future interventions during the later periods of artificial C. korshinskii forest, such as sowing and restoration efforts using unmanned aerial vehicles.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-04-15 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： The maintenance of sand-fixing vegetation is important for the stability of artificial sand-fixing systems in which seed dispersal plays a key role. Based on field wind tunnel experiments using 11 common plant species on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, China, we studied the secondary seed dispersal in the fixed and semi-fixed sand dunes as well as in the mobile dunes in order to understand the limitations of vegetation regeneration and the maintenance of its stability. Our results indicated that there were significant variations among the selected 11 plant species in the threshold of wind speed (TWS). The TWS of Caragana korshinskii was the highest among the 11 plant species, whereas that of Echinops gmelinii was the lowest. Seed morphological traits and underlying surface could generally explain the TWS. During the secondary seed dispersal processes, the proportions of seeds that did not disperse (no dispersal) and only dispersed over short distance (short-distance dispersal within the wind tunnel test section) were significantly higher than those of seeds that were buried (including lost seeds) and dispersed over long distance (long-distance dispersal beyond the wind tunnel test section). Compared with other habitats, the mobile dunes were the most difficult places for secondary seed dispersal. Buried seeds were the easiest to be found in the semi-fixed sand dunes, whereas fixed sand dunes were the best sites for seeds that dispersed over long distance. The results of linear mixed models showed that after controlling the dispersal distance, smaller and rounder seeds dispersed farther. Shape index and wind speed were the two significant influencing factors on the burial of seeds. The explanatory power of wind speed, underlying surface, and seed morphological traits on the seeds that did not disperse and dispersed over short distance was far greater than that on the seeds that were buried and dispersed over long distance, implying that the processes and mechanisms of burial and long-distance dispersal are more complex. In summary, most seeds in the study area either did not move, were buried, or dispersed over short distance, promoting local vegetation regeneration.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2024-01-12 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) is important for health care and ecological protection. However, it faces problems of low productivity and resource utilization during planting. Exploring reasonable models for water and nitrogen management is important for solving these problems. Based on field trials in 2021 and 2022, this study analyzed the effects of controlling soil water and nitrogen application levels on wolfberry height, stem diameter, crown width, yield, and water (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The upper and lower limits of soil water were controlled by the percentage of soil water content to field water capacity (θf), and four water levels, i.e., adequate irrigation (W0, 75%–85% θf), mild water deficit (W1, 65%–75% θf), moderate water deficit (W2, 55%–65% θf), and severe water deficit (W3, 45%–55% θf) were used, and three nitrogen application levels, i.e., no nitrogen (N0, 0 kg/hm2), low nitrogen (N1, 150 kg/hm2), medium nitrogen (N2, 300 kg/hm2), and high nitrogen (N3, 450 kg/hm2) were implied. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, and crown width of wolfberry at different growth stages (P<0.01), and their maximum values were observed in W1N2, W0N2, and W1N3 treatments. Dry weight per plant and yield of wolfberry first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application under the same water treatment. Dry weight per hundred grains and dry weight percentage increased with increasing nitrogen application under W0 treatment. However, under other water treatments, the values first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application. Yield and its component of wolfberry first increased and then decreased as water deficit increased under the same nitrogen treatment. Irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE, 8.46 kg/(hm2•mm)), WUE (6.83 kg/(hm2•mm)), partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFPN, 2.56 kg/kg), and NUE (14.29 kg/kg) reached their highest values in W2N2, W1N2, W1N2, and W1N1 treatments. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that yield, WUE, and NUE were better in W1N2 treatment, making it a suitable water and nitrogen management mode for the irrigation area of the Yellow River in the Gansu Province, China and similar planting areas.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany Subjects: Biology >> Microbiology submitted time 2023-11-17
Abstract： Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses which also shifts the composition of root associated microbiomes. However, there is a lack of genetic evidence regarding whether and how plant genetic effects positively reshape drought induced microbiome changes. Root hairs play essential roles in water uptaking, but whether root hairs also orchestrate microbiome re-shaping process during drought stress is unknown. By utilizing genetic mutants with enhanced or decreased root hair densities, we detected a significant effect of plant genetic effect on drought induced microbiome changes. In addition, the hairy mutant (gl2) triggers a deterministic process during drought induced microbiome re-assembly, which further confirms the involvement of host effects in re-shaping drought induced microbiome changes. Rhizobiaceae strains were detected as key biomarker species positively correlated with root hair densities. Moreover, the gl2 mutant also shapes more complex microbiome co-occurrence networks, with more Rhizobiaceae hubs. Our findings unveil the novel roles of root hairs in shaping microbiome structure and network interactions upon drought stress, particularly through regulating the abundance and network centrality of Rhizobiaceae strains. Root hair related mutants also broadly affect root metabolome upon drought stress. Understanding the physiological and microbial ecological basis of host mediated microbiome re-shaping under drought helps develop microbiome engineering approaches to combat climate changes.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-11-13 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract： Endophytes, as crucial components of plant microbial communities, significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts, promote plant growth, and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia. In this study, an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species, Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta, using a series of screening media. Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, in July 2021. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fulvia fulva, Alternaria solani, and Valsa mali) were determined through the plate confrontation method. A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus, while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta. The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties. Specifically, the strains of Bacillus sp. TR002, Bacillus sp. TR005, Microbacterium sp. TSB5, and Rhodococcus sp. TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity, siderophore-producing activity, phosphate solubilization activity, and nitrogen-fixing activity, respectively. Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta, 104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Valsa mali. Furthermore, the strains of Bacillus sp. TR005, Bacillus sp. TS003, and Bacillus sp. TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi. In conclusion, the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties, making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2023-10-23
Abstract： The protein-protein interactions (PPIs) have a pivotal role in plant cells. There are numerous methods, in vivo or in vitro, have been developed to investigate the PPIs. The yeast mating-based Split-Ubiquitin System (mbSUS) is an alternative method of classic yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) method. The mbSUS assay is not only as fast and inexpensive as the Y2H method, but also suitable for membrane proteins investigation with lower false positive rate. The recently improved mbSUS assay is suitable for the determination of PPIs among membrane proteins and soluble proteins, and successful used for detecting the interaction between ion channels and vesicle traffic proteins. Here, we describe the principles, protocols and experiment notes for mbSUS assay, providing an alternative method for PPI research in plants.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-10-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract：Tiger nut is a bioenergy crop planted in arid areas of northern China to supply oil and adjust the planting structure. However, in the western region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, less water resources have resulted in a scarcity of available farmland, which has posed a huge obstacle to planting tiger nut. Cultivation of tiger nut on marginal land can effectively solve this problem. To fully unlock the production potential of tiger nut on marginal land, it is crucial for managers to have comprehensive information on the adaptive mechanism and nutrient requirement of tiger nut in different growth periods. This study aims to explore these key information from the perspective of nutrient coordination strategy of tiger nut in different growth periods and their relationship with rhizosphere soil nutrients. Three fertilization treatments including no fertilization (N:P (nitrogen:phosphorous)=0:0), traditional fertilization (N:P=15:15), and additional N fertilizer (N:P=60:15)) were implemented on marginal land in the Dengkou County. Plant and soil samples were collected in three growth periods, including stolon tillering period, tuber expanding period, and tuber mature period. Under no fertilization, there was a significant correlation between N and P contents of tiger nut roots and tubers and the same nutrients in the rhizosphere soil (P<0.05). Carbon (C), N, and P contents of roots were significantly higher than those of leaves (P<0.05), and the C:N ratio of all organs was higher than those under other treatments before tuber maturity (P<0.05). Under traditional fertilization, there was a significant impact on the P content of tiger nut tubers (P<0.05). Under additional N fertilizer, the accumulation rate of N and P was faster in stolons than in tubers (P<0.05) with lower N:P ratio in stolons during the tuber expansion period (P<0.05), but higher N:P ratio in tubers (P<0.05). The limited availability of nutrients in the rhizosphere soil prompts tiger nut to increase the C:N ratio, improving N utilization efficiency, and maintaining N:P ratio in tubers. Elevated N levels in the rhizosphere soil decrease the C:N ratio of tiger nut organs and N:P ratio in stolons, promoting rapid stolon growth and shoot production. Supplementary P is necessary during tuber expansion, while a higher proportion of N in fertilizers is crucial for the aboveground biomass production of tiger nut.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-10-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区科学》
Abstract：Root pullout performance of plants is an important mechanical basis for soil reinforcement by plant roots in the semi-arid areas. Studies have shown that it is affected by plant factors (species, ages, root geometry, etc.) and soil factors (soil types, soil moisture, soil bulk densities, etc.). However, the effects of loading rates on root pullout performance are not well studied. To explore the mechanical interactions under different loading rates, we conducted pullout tests on Medicago sativa L. and Hippophae rhamnoides L. roots under five loading rates, i.e., 5, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mm/min. In addition, tensile tests were conducted on the roots in diameters of 0.52.0 mm to compare the relationship between root tensile properties and root pullout properties. Results showed that two root failure modes, slippage and breakage, were observed during root pullout tests. All M. sativa roots were pulled out, while 72.2% of H. rhamnoides roots were broken. The maximum fracture diameter and fracture root length of H. rhamnoides were 1.22 mm and 7.44 cm under 100 mm/min loading rate, respectively. Root displacement values were 4.63% (0.43%) and 8.91% (0.52%) of the total root length for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides, respectively. The values of maximum pullout force were 14.6 (0.7) and 17.7 (1.8) N under 100 mm/min for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides, respectively. Values of the maximum pullout strength for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides were 38.38 (5.48) MPa under 150 mm/min and 12.47 (1.43) MPa under 100 mm/min, respectively. Root-soil friction coefficient under 100 mm/min was significantly larger than those under other loading rates for both the two species. Values of the maximum root pullout energy for M. sativa and H. rhamnoides were 87.83 (21.55) mmN under 100 mm/min and 173.53 (38.53) mmN under 200 mm/min, respectively. Root pullout force was significantly related to root diameter (P0.05). Root pullout strength was greater than root tensile strength for the two species. The results suggested that there was no need to deliberately control loading rate in root pullout tests in the semi-arid soil, and root pullout force and pullout strength could be better parameters for root reinforcement model compared with root tensile strength as root pullout force and pullout strength could more realistically reflect the working state of roots in the semi-arid soil.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： This study focused on the natural Juniperus rigida population in the loess hilly region of InnerMongolia. The structure and dynamic changes of the population were analyzed using a static life table, survivalfunction, dynamic quantitative analysis, and time series model. The results showed that the population mainlycomprised many individual seedlings, followed by medium and less mature trees. Combined with the dynamicchange index Vpi > 0, the population was a growth type. The survival curve was verified using the curve modeland tended to Deevey-II, indicating that the mortality rate of each age class was stable. Considering the externalinterference, the dynamic index tended to 0, and the population growth is not obvious under the interferencecondition. In the survival function analysis, the population showed a strong survival trend in the early stage,followed by a gradual decline in the middle stage. During the 2-to-8-year period, the number of seedlingsdecreased while middle- aged and adult trees increased. The seedling stage is crucial to the regeneration anddevelopment of the population. Therefore, implementing scientific protection measures for seedlings to promotepopulation regeneration is recommended. Research on the internal mechanisms of the Juniperus rigidapopulation can enrich vegetation construction in arid areas, provide a reference for population management, andprovide a theoretical basis for vegetation protection and restoration in the loess hilly area.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： This study focused on the natural Juniperus rigida population in the loess hilly region of InnerMongolia. The structure and dynamic changes of the population were analyzed using a static life table, survivalfunction, dynamic quantitative analysis, and time series model. The results showed that the population mainlycomprised many individual seedlings, followed by medium and less mature trees. Combined with the dynamicchange index Vpi > 0, the population was a growth type. The survival curve was verified using the curve modeland tended to Deevey-II, indicating that the mortality rate of each age class was stable. Considering the externalinterference, the dynamic index tended to 0, and the population growth is not obvious under the interferencecondition. In the survival function analysis, the population showed a strong survival trend in the early stage,followed by a gradual decline in the middle stage. During the 2-to-8-year period, the number of seedlingsdecreased while middle- aged and adult trees increased. The seedling stage is crucial to the regeneration anddevelopment of the population. Therefore, implementing scientific protection measures for seedlings to promotepopulation regeneration is recommended. Research on the internal mechanisms of the Juniperus rigidapopulation can enrich vegetation construction in arid areas, provide a reference for population management, andprovide a theoretical basis for vegetation protection and restoration in the loess hilly area.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： In order to explore the succession and species diversity of plant communities in the process of ganguetreatment, the text used the time-space substitution method to select the different years (2, 5, and 10 a) of ganguetreatment in Shuanglong ditch, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, and the untreated gangueas the contrast (CK) sample plots . The vegetation was surveyed, and the succession characteristics and speciesdiversity of plant communities were analyzed. The results show that: (1) during the process of Shuanglong ditchgangue treatment, we identified 55 species of plants belonging to 40 genera and 24 families in 4 sample plots.Among these taxa, 15 families were single families, single genus, and single species. There were 28 species ofAsteraceae, Poaceae, and Rosaceae, which accounted for 12.5% of the total number of families and 50.91% ofthe total species. Most of the species belonged to a few families, and most plant species belonged to a singlefamily and a single genus. (2) During the years of gangue treatment, the dominant species of the communitygradually changed from annual or perennial herbs to perennial herbs and shrubs. The number of plant species inthe CK was 11, and after 5 years of gangue treatment, we identified 28 species, which decreased to 18 speciesafter 10 years of gangue treatment. Finally, Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis, and Hippophae rhamnoides becomethe dominant species in the sample plot; and these three plants comprised 48.107. (3) With increasing ganguetreatment time, the number of species, Shannon diversity index, and Margalef richness index gradually increasedfrom CK to 5 years after gangue treatment, reaching maximum values of 28, 3.506, and 2.877 respectively. ThePielou evenness index changed little, although we observed a trend of“falling- rising- falling.”In contrast, theSimpson dominance index showed a trend of“rising-falling-rising,”reaching the maximum value of 0.359 after10 years of gangue treatment. (4) The length of time of gangue treatment greatly impacted the quantitativecharacteristics of the plant population. Plant height significantly increased from CK, 2-10 a (P < 0.05). Coveragesignificantly increased from CK to 5 a and 10 a of treatment (P < 0.05). The number of plants increasedsignificantly from CK to 10 a of treatment (P < 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that years of gangue treatmentgreatly impacted vegetation succession and species diversity in the Shuanglong ditch of the eastern section ofQilian Mountains; and the plant community has gradually become single and stable.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Based on the investigation and identification of bryophytes collected from Zhaosu County, West Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang, one genus and two species of Leskeaceae new to Xinjiang are reported. They are Orthoamblystegium Dixon & Sakurai, Orthoamblystegium spurio- subtile (Broth. & Paris) Kanda & Nog. and Leskea scabrinervis Broth. & Paris. In this paper, the morphological characteristics, habitat and distribution were recorded for these two species. The microscopic structure photos of these two species were also provided.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-26 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： We found four new records of Amaranthus exotic weeds in Altay, Ili, Changji, Tacheng, and Hamiduring a field survey of weeds in northern and eastern Xinjiang. We recorded three species and one variety,respectively, of Amaranthus hybridus L., Amaranthus powelli S. Watson, Amaranthus viridis L., and Amaranthusretroflexus L. var. delilei (Richter & Loret) Thell that have not yet been found in this region. There are smallpopulations of A. hybridus L. in Xinyuan, Yili, Urumqi, and Hami. A. viridis L. is only found in multiplepopulations in the Wusu Chepaizi reclamation area. A. retroflexus L. var. delilei (Richter & Loret) Thell. is onlydistributed in a small portion of Shihezi City. A. powellii S. Watson is only found in Balikun County, Hami City.The discovery of these newly recorded plants is of great significance to the study of the flora and speciesdiversity of Amaranthus in Xinjiang, and also provides an important basis and new data for the study of theirgeographical distribution and of the spread and effective detection of invasive weeds. Specimens from therecorded species are kept in the Herbarium of Shihezi University.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Rosa rugosa is a deciduous shrub belonging to Rosa L. in the Rosaceae family. It has high ornamental value and commercial value, but its single color limits the development and utilization of rose and its application in landscape architecture. In order to explore the coloring substances of three different varieties of roses, ‘Rosa rugosa × Rosa sertata ’, ‘Rosa Crimson Glory’ and ‘Rosa alba’, this study used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-four-pole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to detect thetypes and contents of flavonoids in petals. The KEGG database was used to enrich the differential metabolites, screen out the key metabolites, and analyze thecorrelation with the phenotypic value of flower color. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 58 metabolites were detected in petals of different rose varieties, of which only one anthocyanin was cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, accounting for 30.45%. (2) K-means clustering analysis showed that a total of 12 key metabolites were annotated to the KEGGmetabolic pathway. Among them, pinocembrin and myricetin were the main substances that determined the red color of ‘Rosa rugosa × Rosa sertata’ and ‘Rosa Crimson Glory’, and eriodictyol, luteolin and kaempferol were the main substances that determined the white color of ‘Rosa alba’. In conclusion, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of roses with specific colors and promote the application of roses in landscaping.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： There are few data on the rare and endangered orchids of Renanthera Lour. Floral morphology and embryological features of anther development in R. imschootiana were investigated to provide new evidence for taxonomy and conservation of Renanthera. The results were as follows: (1) Flowers were characterized by such distinct features as tri-lobed labium with an unconspicous spur, cylindrical column, purple anther cap with yellow stripes and a pair of deeply cleft pollinia connected by a well-developed stipe and a viscidium. (2) Anther primordium was differentiated into two lateral thecae containing two densely dyed microsporangia, and then, a sterile septum was formed longitudinally and unequally which divided each microsporangium into two jointly sub-microsporangium. The septum became absorbed during microsporogenesis and collapsed when anther ripened, resulting in a pair of deeply cleft pollinia. (3) The developed anther wall comprised 5-6 layers, including an epidermis, 2-3 endothecium, a middle layer, and a tapetum, which conformed to the massive type. Tapetal cell was uni-nucleated and glandular. (4) Microspore mother cells underwent a simultaneous cytokinesis during meiosis resulting in the tetrahedral or isobilateral microspore tetrads. Finally, each microspore retained in tetrads and produced 2-celled pollen via mitosis. Pollen tetrads were compactly arranged, leading to a hard cleft pollinia in each thecae. No pollen abortion was observed during anther development. Some key floral and embryological features were discussed for taxonomy and conservation of Renanthera based on a comparative analysis with those of other orchids available.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The taxonomic status of � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter (Tang & F.T.Wang) Tatanov is still up for debate. To clarify this status and explore its genetic relationship with closely related species, the candidate DNA barcode sequences of one nuclear gene (ITS) and five chloroplast genes (matK, ndhF, rbcL, trnL and trnL-trnF) were used for PCR amplification and sequencing of 21 individuals from four species, including � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter and its related species. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool was then applied to evaluate the identification efficiency of the screened barcode sequences and sequence combinations. Finally, species identification analyses were performed by constructing a phylogenetic tree using the Bayesian inference method. The results demonstrated that: (1) The ITS + matK combination showed the highest species-resolving degree of 71.4%, which could achieve interspecific differentiation and identification of � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter and its closely related species; (2) According to the phylogenetic tree based on ITS + matK sequences, samples of the same species showed better aggregation and were mostly monophyletic, with � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter clustered together with all Bolboschoenus (Asch.) Palla individuals, rather than Schoenoplectus (Rchb.) Palla species. All � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter and Bolboschoenus maritimus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama samples formed a monophyletic clade. In conclusion, ITS + matK appears to be the best barcode sequence for interspecific identification of � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter and its related species. Furthermore, � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter could be a synonym of Bolboschoenus maritimus rather than a natural hybrid. This study could establish a theoretical foundation for the taxonomic research on � Bolboschoenoplectus mariqueter and its closely related species.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Drynaria roosii is a typical epiphytic pteridophyte in Karst area, which lives on the surface or crevices of rocks mainly through its rhizome. At the same time, the dried rhizome of the D. roosii is used as medicine and has important medicinal value. In order to study the changes of metabolites in D. roosii rhizome under Ca2+ stress, the D. roosii rhizome under different concentrations (0, 600, 1 200 mmol稬-1) of Ca2+ stress was analyzed by using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The results were as follows: (1) a total of 64 differentially expressed metabolites were identified. (2) 48 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 and 600 mmol稬-1 comparison group, 45 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the 0 and 1 200 mmol稬-1 comparison group, and 44 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in the 600 and 1 200 mmol稬-1 comparison group. (3) The identified differentially expressed metabolites are classified into five categories according to their chemical classification information. These results indicate that Ca2+ stress affected the amino acid metabolism, flavonoids biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and the other pathways of the D. roosii rhizome. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, the key metabolites that response to Ca2+ stress in D. roosii rhizome were revealed. These results laid a foundation for further study of the regulatory mechanism of D. roosii adaptation to Ca2+ stress, and also provided a new idea for the quality improvement of medicinal materials of D. roosii rhizome medicine.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： A national second-class protected food and medicinal plant, Lycium ruthenicum grows in NorthwestChina’s arid, arid- land climate. At various elevation populations in southern Xinjiang, China, this speciesproduces flat and spherical fruit individuals and noticeably varied heteromorphic fruit individuals. We studiedseed sets and their quality, seed germination and dormancy, and drought stress responses of both types of fruitsfrom different elevation populations in laboratory settings, as well as the adaptive strategies of this species indifferent climate weather populations at southern Xinjiang to better understand how the heteromorphic fruit ofthis species adapted to its different climate desert habitat. Flat fruits had a larger seed set than globular fruits.Moreover, the seed set was reduced for both types of fruits with the increasing elevation, while seed qualityimproved for the same as elevation increased. The ability of seeds to absorb water is greater in low- elevationpopulations than in high-elevation populations, and the ability of seeds in flat fruit to absorb water is greater thanthat of globular fruit. The major elements that were employed to disrupt L. ruthenicum seed dormancy andincrease seed germination were high temperature (20-30 °C), low concentration (0.1 mmol·L−1 of GA3), and darkmode circumstances. The drought resistance of globular fruit seeds in low-elevation populations was greater thanthat of high-elevation populations, and they were 30% more susceptible to drought stress.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： Stand density has an important effect on understory plant community structure and species diversity ofRobinia pseudoacacia plantations. Identifying changes of understory plant community structure and speciesdiversity under different stand densities is helpful for vegetation restoration and improving forest ecologicalfunction in loess regions. Taking a R. pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess area of western Shanxi as the focus ofstudy here, the understory community composition characteristics, growth characteristics, and species diversityassociated with six stand densities (950, 1450, 1950, 2450, 2950 and 3450 trees ·hm- 2) were analyzed throughfield investigation. The following results were obtained: (1) The study identified 77 species of understory plantsin 65 genera in 39 families, including shrubs of 36 species from 29 genera in 16 families, and herbs of 41 speciesfrom 36 genera in 25 families. The number of species in the shrub layer peaked when the stand density was 1950trees·hm-2, and the number of species in the herb layer peaked when the stand density was 2450 trees·hm-2. Theunderstory community of R. pseudoacacia forest mainly consists of Rosaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, andCaprifoliaceae. With increasing stand density, the dominant species transition from heliotropic species andintermediate species to shade species. (2) The height and aboveground biomass of shrubs decreased withincreasing stand density. The aboveground biomass of herb layer had no significant difference among standdensities (P>0.05), and the total coverage of shrub and grass community showed little change. (3) Withincreasing stand density, Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the shrub layer firstincreased and then decreased, and peaked when the stand density was 1950 trees · hm- 2, while the Simpsondominance index and Pielou evenness index showed gradually decreasing trends. The Margalef richness indexand Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the herb layer peaked when the stand density was 2450 trees·hm-2, whilethe Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index peaked when the stand density was 1950 trees·hm-2. (4)The similarity of species composition of understory communities in R. pseudoacacia forest of different densitieswas above the medium level. When the stand density was 1950-2450 trees ·hm- 2, the understory communityspecies diversity of R. pseudoacacia plantation was optimal, which was conducive to the improvement andsustainable development of its ecological function.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany submitted time 2023-08-25 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract： The effects of different salt types and concentrations on the germination characteristics of Poa annuaseeds were studied using the Petri dish method in this study. The relative germination rate, potential, index, vigor,bud length, radicle length, and salt damage rate were measured, analyzing the responses of P. annua seedgermination and seedling growth to different salt types. The results indicated that: (1) P. annua from Yongchanghad superior germination and seedling growth characteristics compared with the other provenances. (2) varioussalt types and concentrations significantly inhibited seed germination and seedling growth, with alkaline saltsexhibiting stronger toxicity compared with neutral salts, and radicles being more sensitive than buds duringgermination; and (3) the salt toxicity of different salt types during P. annua seed germination ranked as follows:Na2CO3>NaHCO3>Na2SO4>NaCl. Therefore, this study provides a scientific basis for planting P. annua forecological restoration of different types of saline lands.
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