双龙沟矸石治理过程中植物群落演替及物种多样性研究

• 作者： 王理德1,2,3,4 宋达成1,2 李广宇1,3 赵赫然1,2 郑克文5
• 作者单位：
  1.  甘肃省治沙研究所，甘肃兰州730070
  2.  甘肃河西走廊森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站， 甘肃武威733000
  3.  甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 甘肃民勤733300
  4.  甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃兰州730070
  5.  天祝藏族自治县哈溪镇畜牧兽医站，甘肃天祝733206
• 提交时间：2023-08-26

摘要: 为了探讨矸石治理过程中植物群落演替及物种多样性，本文运用时空替代法，选择甘肃省天祝藏族自治县双龙沟矸石治理不同年限(2 a、5 a、10 a )和未治理的矸石作为对照（CK）样地，通过对植被调查，分析研究了植物群落演替特征及物种多样性，并揭示其随着矸石治理年限的增加呈现出的变化规律，为祁连山东段双龙沟及其相似地区矸石治理、生态系统修复及生态环境建设提供科学理论基础。研究表明：（1）双龙沟矸石治理过程中，4个样地共出现24科40属55种植物，其中有15科是单科、单属及单种，菊科、禾本科、蔷薇科植物种数达到28种，占总科数的12.5%，总物种数达到50.91%。物种构成表现为：多数种属于少数科，大部分植物种为单科、单属。（2）随着矸石治理年限的增加，群落优势种由一年生或多年生草本植物逐渐转化为多年生草本植物及灌木植物，植物种由对照（CK）的11种，增加到矸石治理5 a时28种，再降到矸石治理10 a的18种，最后垂穗披碱草、早熟禾及沙棘成为该样地的优势种，这三种植物重要值的总和达到48.107。（3）随着矸石治理年限增加，物种数、Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数从CK到矸石治理5 a时逐渐增加，分别达到最大值28、3.506及2.877；Pielou均匀度指数呈现下降-上升-再下降的变化趋势，变化幅度不大。Simpson优势度指数呈现出上升-下降-再上升变化趋势，矸石治理10 a时达到最大值0.359；（4）矸石治理年限对植物种群数量特征影响较大，株高从CK、2 a到10 a显著增高（P<0.05），盖度从CK到治理5 a、10 a显著增大（P<0.05），植物株数从CK到治理10 a显著增大（P<0.05）。综上所述，祁连山东段双龙沟矸石治理过程中，在人工干预下，矸石治理年限对植被演替及物种多样性影响较大，植物群落逐渐变得单一、稳定。

Abstract: In order to explore the succession and species diversity of plant communities in the process of ganguetreatment, the text used the time-space substitution method to select the different years (2, 5, and 10 a) of ganguetreatment in Shuanglong ditch, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province, and the untreated gangueas the contrast (CK) sample plots . The vegetation was surveyed, and the succession characteristics and speciesdiversity of plant communities were analyzed. The results show that: (1) during the process of Shuanglong ditchgangue treatment, we identified 55 species of plants belonging to 40 genera and 24 families in 4 sample plots.Among these taxa, 15 families were single families, single genus, and single species. There were 28 species ofAsteraceae, Poaceae, and Rosaceae, which accounted for 12.5% of the total number of families and 50.91% ofthe total species. Most of the species belonged to a few families, and most plant species belonged to a singlefamily and a single genus. (2) During the years of gangue treatment, the dominant species of the communitygradually changed from annual or perennial herbs to perennial herbs and shrubs. The number of plant species inthe CK was 11, and after 5 years of gangue treatment, we identified 28 species, which decreased to 18 speciesafter 10 years of gangue treatment. Finally, Elymus nutans, Poa pratensis, and Hippophae rhamnoides becomethe dominant species in the sample plot; and these three plants comprised 48.107. (3) With increasing ganguetreatment time, the number of species, Shannon diversity index, and Margalef richness index gradually increasedfrom CK to 5 years after gangue treatment, reaching maximum values of 28, 3.506, and 2.877 respectively. ThePielou evenness index changed little, although we observed a trend offalling- rising- falling.In contrast, theSimpson dominance index showed a trend ofrising-falling-rising,reaching the maximum value of 0.359 after10 years of gangue treatment. (4) The length of time of gangue treatment greatly impacted the quantitativecharacteristics of the plant population. Plant height significantly increased from CK, 2-10 a (P

• 分类： 生物学 >> 植物学
• 引用： ChinaXiv:202308.00672 (或此版本 ChinaXiv:202308.00672V1)
  doi:10.12074/202308.00672
• 推荐引用方式： 王理德1,2,3,4,宋达成1,2,李广宇1,3,赵赫然1,2,郑克文5.(2023).双龙沟矸石治理过程中植物群落演替及物种多样性研究.干旱区研究.[ChinaXiv:202308.00672] (点此复制)