Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-09-12 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Cognitive impairment can lead to a decline in cognitive function，depression，and loneliness，as well as decreased self-efficacy and quality of life in older adults. Objective To investigate the effects of non#2;pharmacological integrated interventions on cognitive function，depression，loneliness，self-efficacy，and quality of life in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methods Based on risk factors for cognitive impairment，a non-pharmacological integrated intervention program was developed in five dimensions of cognitive training，physical exercise，emotional management，social connection，and healthy lifestyle habits. Using a single-subject A-B-A experimental design，a 3-month intervention，which was conducted once a week for 60 minutes，was performed in three elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment from June to December 2021. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA），Geriatric Depression Scale-15 （GDS-15），12-item Short Form Health Survey （SF-12），General Self-Efficacy Scale （GSES），and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale （DJGLS） were administered to the 3 older adults at baseline，3 months of the intervention，and 3 months after the intervention，to assess the scores of each scale from the 5 dimensions of cognitive function，self-efficacy，quality of life，depression，and loneliness，the changes in the scores were analyzed. A semi-structured interview was conducted 3 months after the intervention to evaluate the intervention effects in terms of cognitive function，quality of life，depression，self#2;efficacy，and loneliness dimensions. Results The 3 older adults included in the study were 70-74 years old，all married，living with their spouses and grandchildren. The three older adults had MoCA scores of 21，22，and 24 at baseline，28，26，and 27 at 3 months of intervention，and 25，19，and 23 at 3 months after intervention；GSES scores were 25，30，and 27 at baseline，29，29，and 30 at 3 months of intervention，and 28，31，and 28 at 3 months after intervention. SF-12 scores were 69，32，and 51 at baseline，81，81，and 83 at 3 months of intervention，and 78，38，and 59 at 3 months after intervention. The GDS-15 scale scores were 4，8，and 2 at baseline，2，6，and 1 at 3 months of intervention，and 1，8，and 4 3 months at 3 months after intervention. The DJGLS scores were 8，7，and 8 at baseline，5，5，and 4 at 3 months of intervention，and 5，5，and 7 at 3 months after intervention. Semi-structured interview data indicated improvement in all five dimensions of cognitive function，quality of life，depression，loneliness，and self-efficacy of the subjects. Conclusion For older adults with mild cognitive impairment，it is of great significant to perform a non-pharmacological integrated intervention in terms of cognitive training，physical exercise，emotional management，social connection，and healthy lifestyle habits. The MoCA，SF-12，GDS-15，and DJGLS scores of older adults with mild cognitive impairment improved at 3 months of intervention，while the GSES scores improved at 3 months after intervention. GSES scores were not as effective after the intervention. All dimension scores showed a decreasing trend at 3 months after the intervention. It has the potential to enhance cognitive function，quality of life，depression，and loneliness. Future randomized controlled trials are recommended to further ascertain the effectiveness of this non#2;pharmacological integrated intervention.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] It is the requirement of the present times to build an independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanistic paradigm with Chinese characteristics. [Method/Process] Based on the World 3 theory developed by Popper, this study defines the essence of digital humanities research as representing, revealing and reproducing the structure of the objective knowledge world. Furthermore, based on the paradigm theory developed by Kuhn, this paper deeply discusses the basic theoretical elements of the independent knowledge system of the evidence-based digital humanities paradigm with Chinese characteristics. In this paper, the carding of the elements of evidence-based digital humanities theory is carried out from the perspective of the scientific community of digital humanities research. That is to say, the research that adheres to the evidence-based ideology and method of digital humanity is identified as the same research community, and it is believed that evidence-based digital humanities will build a relatively independent knowledge system in the future. [Results/Conclusions] This paper argues that the combination of the basic principles of Marxism and the excellent traditional Chinese culture is the ideological basis of the independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics. The collective memory of the Chinese nation with a long history and its carrier constitute the cultural basis of the independent knowledge system. The rich ancient literature works have laid a solid literature foundation for the formation of the independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics. Under the guidance of mutual evidence between literature and history, bibliography with distinctive Chinese academic characteristics has laid a solid methodological foundation for the evidence-based digital humanistic with Chinese characteristics. Under the context of digital intelligence era, building an evidence-based digital humanities independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics will not only be benefitial to improving the cultural self-confidence of the Chinese people, but also have an obvious important significance in providing the world with a distinctive cultural heritage and cultural memory solutions. In the face of the massive traditional Chinese cultural resources, especially the precious cultural heritage including ancient literature works, it is not only timely but also imperative to apply emerging natural language processing, artificial intelligence, machine learning and related advanced technologies, to carry out in-depth digital humanities research. The theoretical discussion conducted by this research is expected to benefit the construction of an evidence-based digital humanities independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] The research paradigm of digital humanities provides an opportunity for researchers to conduct evidence-based research based on second-hand resources. The second-hand evidence in the evidence-based digital humanities research mainly refers to the secondary evidence obtained by researchers through analysis of the original literature records. Academic papers are such an example of second-hand evidence and analysis of these papers enables us to be focused on the exploration, discussion and comprehension of the specific evidence. [Method/Process] This paper aims to shed light on the theoretical basis related to second-hand evidence based digital humanities research, and conduct an empirical analysis with Dunhuang wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty. Through the coding analysis of 287 relevant research papers downloaded from the CNKI database, the reliability and validity of the research were tested, and a comprehensive analysis of the category system was conducted. On this basis, two independent coders systematically coded all academic papersby, and a coding system was formed with reliable reliability and validity. This coding system provided us a foundation to summarize the procedure of extracting the second-hand evidence from academic papers in the digital humanities research. [Results/Conclusions] This paper issued a three-stage and five- link procedure for second-hand evidence based digital humanity research. The "three stages" refer to the systematical literature retrieval, category formulation and comprehensive analysis of the second-hand evidence elements and the five links include evidence retrieval, reliability test, validity test, category construction and evidence element synthesis. The procedure developed by this research is expected to shed light on the knowledge organization of ancient literature works and lay a foundation for the digital humanities research based on the secondary resources like academic papers. Thus, based on the above procedure, the researchers in the digital humanities area are able to extract fruitful second-hand evidence from secondary resources (academic papers, for example) instead of acquiring initial evidence. This procedure may benefit the evidence-based digital humanity research because it is always a challenging task for individual researcher to access the initial research material like Dunhang wooden and bamboo slips of Han Dynasty. In summary, the paradigm constructed in this study has certain theoretical reference and practical guidance value for the construction of evidence-based digital humanities subject, and academic and discourse system. Thus, it is expected to benefit the construction of independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] Evidence-based approach has become an important research paradigm in such social research fields as management, education, economy, and law. In the research of digital humanities, how to obtain and process evidence from the original literature in order to effectively solve research problems is an important research topic. [Method/Process] This paper took the hierarchical social cognition theory as the theoretical basis for the evidence integration process of digital humanities research. From this perspective, the present research uses the theory of ecosystem for reference to integrate levels of evidence, the forms of evidence, evidences' carrier, information organization and the difference ways in which digital humanities researchers analyze the evidence as the same framework to shed light on the whole landscape of evidence-based digital humanities research. Furthermore, this study summarized the key value of evidence-based digital humanities research as to improve the validity of the evidence based on the research design theory and cognition theory. Due to the academic tradition of mutual verification between literature and history in digital humanities research, this paper also combined different evidence sources as different matrixes to integrate the evidence to demonstrate the specific evidence integration types of evidence-based digital humanities research. Based on the above research procedures, this paper also proposed a roadmap for future evidence-based digital humanities researchers to conduct more evidence synthesis related research from the perspective of integrating knowledge-based evidence and relational evidence. [Results/Conclusions] We put forward a hierarchical structure framework of the evidence-based digital humanities research ecosystem. Original evidence, initial processing evidence, secondary processing evidence, third processing evidence and the comprehensive evidence formulated five levels of this framework with a structure from the low level to the high level. Based on above theoretical framework, we concluded that coordination with validity and cognition as the theoretical motivation of the evidence integration in evidence-based digital humanities research. Systematic review and information organization are regarded as two instruments for evidence integration and the multiple mutual confirmation of various types of initial or secondary evidence is regarded as the practical tendency of evidence integration process in the evidence-based digital humanities research. Specifically, this research summarized two mutual confirmation evidence matrixes of the same evidence source and different evidence sources. The demonstration of evidence integration in evidence-based digital humanities research proposed in this paper is expected to benefit for building an independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《农业图书情报学报》
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] Evidence acquisition is one of the most critical factors affecting evidence-based digital humanities research. The first-hand evidence contained in the ancient literature works is an important way to carry out digital humanities research, and thus, the purpose of this research is to shed light on the evidence-based digital humanities research process based on the empirical analysis of Bao's Zhan Guo Ce, which is one of the most influential books in Chinese history. [Method/Process] In the face of rich and diverse Chinese ancient literature works, it is of theoretical and practical value to build an independent knowledge system with Chinese characteristics based on the evidence-based paradigm of digital humanities. For this reason, the present research used the natural language processing (NLP) method to analyze Bao's Zhan Guo Ce in Jiayan Library, which is tailored for the NLP analysis of Chinese ancient literature works. By using co-word analysis, this research comprehensively discusses how digital humanities researchers carry out systematic research based on first-hand evidence from ancient literature via word frequency analysis, visualization of co-words, cluster analysis, centrality degree analysis, etc. Social network analysis (SNA), NetworkX algorithm and co-word visualization procedure are applied to give us insight into how to extract the first-hand evidence from ancient literature works. [Results/Conclusions] The key results include a procedure on how to extract first-hand evidence from ancient literature works like Bao's Zhan Guo Ce, in digital humanities research via Python. Specifically, the procedure includes basic word frequency indicators, a tool of removal of stop words, process of recognition and removal of ambiguous words. Furthermore, this study also takes Bao's Zhan Guo Ce as an example to show the basic procedure of analyzing first-hand evidence in digital humanities research by using a series of statistical analysis methods and indicators such as co-word network visualization, clustering coefficient, centrality degree, and structural hole recognition. The procedures, tools and methods demonstrated in this study are expected to provide reference for completing the evidence-based digital humanity research paradigm of first-hand evidence. Thus, the procedures, tools, statistical indicators and algorithm demonstrated in this research are expected to provide a foundation for building an independent knowledge system of evidence-based digital humanities with Chinese characteristics.
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