Subjects: Statistics >> Social Statistics submitted time 2024-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： In the 21st century, a new round of world scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation has accelerated. Especially after the international financial crisis, countries have strengthened their scientific and technological strategic layout and R&D investment. The international scientific and technological competition has become increasingly fierce, and science and technology policy has become a key factor determining the success or failure of technological competition. This study analyzes the historical evolution of policy documents such as science and technology planning, strategic guidelines and research reports issued by the U.S. government and the long-term R&D input data of the federal government in the past two decades, with a view to revealing the development and evolution characteristics of the U.S. science and technology policy, and thus providing a certain explanation for the relative decline of the U.S. science and technology leading position. It shows that the relative decline of the United States’ global leadership in science and technology is closely related to the relatively stable development of science and technology policies, the weakening of strategic leadership of major science and technology plans, the year-on-year decline of government R&D investment intensity and the decline of emphasis on frontier basic research. This has important implications for China’s scientific and technological development: scientific and technological development is not only a long-term strategic undertaking, but also a highly competitive undertaking. The improvement of scientific and technological competitiveness is the result of the national long-term scientific and technological strategy-oriented layout, the steady increase in R&D investment intensity and the accumulation of major scientific and technological innovation breakthroughs.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance]This paper analyzes the latest strategic planning of the international important research library, sums up its characteristics, provides reference for the formulation of the 14th five-year plan and the medium and long term plan of the research library of our country, and promotes the transformation and upgrading of the research library of our country in the information and digital environment.[Method/process] This paper analyzed the contents of the strategic planning text of the National Library of Medicine, the Library of Congress and the Library of University College London. According to the core development and characteristic development, it probed into the strategic objectives, development orientation and development path of the international important research library, and put forward the strategic planning framework of the library in the future-the three-in-one model of "human, material and affairs".[Result/conclusion] The international important research library actively responds to new changes of the information environment and the user needs, and the forward-looking layout promotes their transformation and upgrading.Our country should combine the reality, draw lessons from its advanced experience, should persist in taking the user as the center, pay attention to the librarian training and the technical development, focus on the construction of the resource system, support the open scientific activity, attach importance to the knowledge service construction, strengthen the function of the think tank, so as to promote the transformation of the research library and ensure the sustainable and high quality development of the research library.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The theoretical framework and development path of policy informatics are systematically combed and summarized, which can lay a solid theoretical and methodological foundation for policy science, bibliometrics and other related research.[Method/process] This paper clarified the development origin and conceptual connotation of policy informatics by relying on subject informatics, summarized the research content and research process of policy informatics in detail, and put forward a disciplinary system centered on the four aspects of theoretical basis, method technology, application practice and education management to promote the development of each other, and constructed a policy informatics research system from two aspects of theoretical foundation construction and knowledge map description.[Result/conclusion] Policy informatics mainly revolves around massive multi-source heterogeneous data, using methods such as bibliometric analysis, social network analysis, content analysis, text calculation and visualization, to carry out policy change process and evolution law, policy quantitative analysis and effectiveness evaluation, policy intergovernmental relations and policy games, and the relationship between policy research and science research. It needs to build a large professional field policy database, develop special policy analysis techniques and tools, carry out extensive and in-depth case studies, and form high-quality academic community.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： High Risk-High Reward (HRHR) research refers to scientific research with high risk of failure but characterized by breakthrough, innovation and originality. It truly reflects the original innovation ability of science and technology, is committed to bringing major scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs, and is conducive to accelerating the improvement of national competitiveness in original science and technology. The theoretical and methodological research in this area will help improve science and technology policies. On the basis of clarifying its development background, conceptual connotation and characteristics, this paper discusses the construction of a “decision-funding#2;implementation” model of HRHR research and management system. By taking the HRHR projects of typical international scientific research institutions as case studies, it systematically analyzes, compares and summarizes the basic principles, review processes, advantages and disadvantages of representative academic review mechanisms such as peer-review model, project-manager model, and de-review model. Based on the innovation experience of foreign HRHR research projects, some suggestions are put forward: formulate HRHR research funding policies to promote original innovation; improve the academic review mechanism for selecting HRHR research; and create an excellent academic ecology that stimulates HRHR research development.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The COVID-19 pandemic has catastrophically affected the economy, society, security, and health around the world, and it has also put forward the new requirements for the development of science and technology. Since then, many countries and regions, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Russia, and European Union, have tried to solve the “dangers” and seek the “opportunities” by applying and developing science and technology. Therefore, these countries and regions are ambitious on scientific and technological strategic arrangements in digital economy, cutting-edge technology, biosafety, climate and environment, in order to accelerate economic recovery. With the introduction of the new trends of science and technology strategies in these countries and regions, this study summarizes the common strategic layouts on paying attention to cutting-edge technologies, advancing the digital economy, focusing on biosafety and health, and emphasizing the protection of the climate and environment, which shows five features, as digital, intelligent, human-oriented, ecological and national. Thus, we put forward suggestions for China’s forward-looking strategic layout of science and technology development: getting rid of the impact of the pandemic with the self-reliance and independent development of science and technology; formulating a data strategy to promote economic and social digital transformation; focusing on life and health to vigorously promote the construction of Healthy China; changing the development mode and persisting green development on ecology.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2023-04-01 Cooperative journals: 《图书情报工作》
Abstract： [Purpose/Significance] Sorting out the relevant researches of domestic and foreign research front, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the existing researches, and provides references for the identification of the research front in the subject field. [Method/Process] This paper first summarized the necessity of research front identification, then discriminated the relevant concepts. Subsequently, based on the investigation of domestic and foreign relevant researches, this paper classified it from two aspects of the research methods of research front identification and the new direction of research front identification, and finally put forward the existing research deficiencies and prospects for the future development. [Result/Conclusion] In terms of concept definition, the connotation of the research front is finally clarified by analyzing the series of concepts related to the research front from two perspectives of the time dimension and the definition scope. In terms of identification methods, classical research methods include direct citation, co-citation analysis, literature coupling, and word cluster-based methods for identifying research fronts; at the same time, research front identification based on multi-source data, multi-dimensional indicators and machine learning algorithms is a new direction of the future research. On the basis of the above analysis, this paper summarizes the shortcomings of different types of research front identification methods and the existing universal problems, and looks forward to the future research priorities.
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment
YES