• Effect of Heat Treatment Process on Mechanical Properties of a Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel

    Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》

    Abstract: Effect of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a medium carbon low alloy steel was studied by means of color metallography, XRD and mechanical tests. The adopted heat treatment processes included air quenching and then austempering in salt bath, watercooling and then austempering in salt bath, as well as directly austempering in salt bath. The results show that after treatments according to the above three processes the steel may exhibited microstructure composed of different amount of bainite and martensite, and better mechanical properties in comparison with the cast ones, i.e. its impact toughness and hardness were increased by 92%-183% and 31%-55% respectively. For the case of air cooling and then austempering in salt bath, the amount of bainite decreased gradually with the increase of air cooling time while the amount of martensite progressively increased, correspondingly its hardness and impact toughness showed a tendency of increase and decrease respectively. The mechanical performance of the medium carbon low alloy steel is closely related to the ratio of bainite to martinsite in the microstructure. It is noted that the steel with a duplex microstructure of 50%-60% bainite and 30%-40% martensite exhibited an optimal comprehensive mechanical performance.

  • Microstructure Evolution of Semi-solid ZCuSn10 Copper Alloy during Reheating Process

    Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2023-03-18 Cooperative journals: 《材料研究学报》

    Abstract: The semi-solid ZCuSn10 alloy billets were prepared with strain induced melt activated (SIMA) method involved with hot rolling and reheating process. The microstructure evolution process and spheroidizing mechanism of α(Cu) phase were studied by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and image analysis software. The results show that when a hot rolled ZCuSn10 copper alloy billet with a deformation rate 16%was reheated at 930℃, of which the semi-solid primary phase spheroidized gradually with the increasing holding time; while the average grain size of the copper alloy decreases firstly with time from 68.24 μm for 8 min to 62.31 μm for 10 min and then increases to 71.09 μm for 25 min; the liquid fraction increases from 18.14% for 8 min to 25.32% for 25 min; the shape factor decreases firstly with time from 2.91 for 8 min to 1.67 for 15 min and then increases to 2.43 for 25 min. The alloy exhibits the best semi-solid microstructure for 15 min holding with an average grain size 65.64 μm, a liquid fraction 23.66% and a shape factor 1.67. The microstructure evolution mechanism involves with merge of grains and growth as well as atom diffusion leading to grain growth and spheroidization.

  • 大午粉1号商品代蛋鸡育成后期(10~17周龄)饲粮中适宜代谢能和蛋白质水平的研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验旨在研究育成后期(10~17周龄)饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平对大午粉1号商品代蛋鸡生长性能、器官指数、小肠发育以及产蛋高峰期生产性能和蛋品质的影响;通过建立饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平与所检测指标之间的回归模型,得到育成后期大午粉1号商品代蛋鸡饲粮中适宜的代谢能和蛋白质水平。本研究共包括2个试验。试验1:随机选取810只64日龄蛋鸡,将其随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。采用3[代谢能水平:11.77(高)、11.27(中)、10.77 MJ/kg(低)]×3[蛋白质水平:16.50%(高)、15.50%(中)、14.50%(低)]试验设计,共配制9种试验饲粮,分别饲喂上述9组试验鸡,试验期8周(10~17周龄)。试验2:试验鸡的分组情况保持不变,所有试验鸡饲喂同一饲粮(代谢能水平:10.91 MJ/kg;蛋白质水平:15.98%),试验期14周(18~31周龄)。试验1结果显示:1)饲粮代谢能水平对蛋鸡平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)和胫骨长有显著影响(P<0.05);饲粮蛋白质水平对蛋鸡ADFI和胫骨长有显著影响(P<0.05);饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平的互作效应对蛋鸡ADFI、平均日增重(ADG)和F/G均有显著影响(P<0.05)。2)饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平及二者的互作效应对蛋鸡各器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)饲粮代谢能水平对蛋鸡空肠、十二指肠、小肠长度有显著影响(P<0.05);饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平的互作效应对蛋鸡空肠和小肠长度有显著影响(P<0.05)。试验2结果显示:1)育成后期饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期生产性能均没有显著影响(P>0.05),随着育成后期饲粮代谢能水平的升高,蛋鸡产蛋高峰期ADFI呈下降趋势;育成后期饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平的互作效应对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期ADFI、平均日产蛋量、料蛋比(F/E)有显著影响(P<0.05)。2)育成后期蛋鸡饲粮代谢能水平对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期蛋黄颜色和蛋形指数有显著影响(P<0.05);育成后期蛋鸡饲粮蛋白质水平对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期蛋黄颜色有显著影响(P<0.05);育成后期饲粮代谢能和蛋白质水平的互作效应对蛋鸡产蛋高峰期蛋壳厚度和蛋形指数有显著影响(P<0.05)。通过对育成后期ADFI、F/G以及空肠、十二指肠、小肠长度和蛋黄颜色进行二次曲线拟合,得出大午粉1号商品代蛋鸡育成后期饲粮中适宜代谢能水平分别为10.902、10.720、11.404、11.446、11.374和11.760 MJ/kg;通过对育成后期胫骨长进行二次曲线拟合,得出大午粉1号商品代蛋鸡育成后期饲粮中适宜蛋白质水平为15.300%。综合上述指标,推荐育成后期(10~17周龄)大午粉1号商品代蛋鸡饲粮中代谢能水平为10.720~11.760 MJ/kg,蛋白质水平为15.300%。

  • 5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质的需要量研究

    Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》

    Abstract:本试验通过建立饲粮能量或蛋白质水平与生长性能、血清生化指标、器官指数等指标的回归模型,旨在确定5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质的需要量。选取810只遗传背景相同、体重接近、健康状态良好的28日龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡,随机分为9组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只蛋雏鸡。采用3×3双因素试验设计,设定饲粮中能量水平分别为12.42、11.92和11.42 MJ/kg,蛋白质水平分别为18.75%、17.75%和16.75%,共配制9种试验饲粮。试验期为35 d。结果显示:1)随着饲粮能量水平的升高,蛋雏鸡9周龄时胫长、胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量呈上升的趋势,5~9周龄平均日增重呈先下降后上升的趋势。2)随着饲粮蛋白质水平的升高,蛋雏鸡9周龄时体重(终末体重)、胸宽以及5~9周龄平均日增重呈先升高后降低的趋势。3)饲粮能量水平与蛋白质水平的互作效应对9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡的胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。4)通过对蛋雏鸡胸宽、龙骨长、血清甘油三酯含量与饲粮能量水平进行二次曲线拟合,得出饲粮适宜能量水平分别为11.420、11.483、11.379 MJ/kg,平均值为11.427 MJ/kg;通过对9周龄时体重与饲粮蛋白质水平二次曲线拟合,得到饲粮适宜蛋白质水平为17.902%。综合蛋雏鸡体尺指标、生长性能、器官指数和血清生化指标得出,5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡的能量和蛋白质需要量分别为11.427 MJ/kg、17.902%。

  • 延迟激活对猪克隆胚胎体外、体内发育效率的影响

    Subjects: Biology >> Bioengineering submitted time 2018-12-25 Cooperative journals: 《中国生物工程杂志》

    Abstract:为了提高猪克隆效率,获得更多的克隆猪,研究了延迟激活对猪体细胞克隆胚胎体外、体内发育影响。研究发现,和同步融合激活方法相比,延迟激活虽然会降低克隆重构胚的融合率(P>0.05),但能够显著提高克隆胚胎的卵裂率(P<0.01)和囊胚率(P<0.05);延迟激活方法重构胚使用CB辅助激活4h,其囊胚率均极显著高于不使用CB组(P<0.01);将克隆胚胎移植到126头受体母猪后,延迟激活组受体母猪分娩率显著高于同步激活组(P<0.05),虽然在窝均总仔、窝均活仔、克隆效率方面没有显著差异,但延迟激活组显然获得了更多的克隆仔猪。以上结果说明,延迟激活方法能够提高猪克隆胚胎的体外、体内发育效率。