分类: 物理学 >> 普通物理:统计和量子力学,量子信息等 提交时间: 2021-02-04
摘要: Quantum theory is currently the most important research field. Before processing the information of a quantum system, we must first understand how to measure the uncertainty of a quantum system. Von Neumann entropy is a very classic method to measure the uncertainty of quantum systems. However, due to the particularity of quantum systems, it is very difficult to measure the uncertainty of quantum systems, so that the measurement efficiency of the classical von Neumann entropy is not high in some cases. Based on the classic von Neumann entropy and belief entropy, this paper proposes a new entropy model to measure the uncertainty of quantum systems, which can use fully the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the density matrix of quantum systems, and give the uncertainty of the quantum system. Some numerical examples are used to prove that the proposed entropy is more efficient and reliable in measuring quantum systems than the classical von Neumann entropy. The experimental results show that the proposed entropy can measure the uncertainty of quantum systems more efficiently and reliably than the classical von Neumann entropy.
分类: 心理学 >> 社会心理学 提交时间: 2021-02-04
摘要: 亲社会支出是指把钱以送礼或慈善捐款的形式花在别人身上,而不是自己身上。它不仅可以给接受者带来好处,还可以对给予者的幸福产生积极影响。亲社会支出对幸福感的影响主要体现在亲社会对象及影响效果两个方面,其边界条件包括了外部与内部因素。通过自我决定理论、社会规范理论、进化理论及社会交换理论,可以进一步解释亲社会支出影响主观幸福感的内在机制。未来研究需要检验亲社会支出与幸福感之间的边界条件、探究亲社会支出的长期积极效应及提高亲社会支出研究的生态效度。
分类: 心理学 >> 临床与咨询心理学 提交时间: 2021-02-04
摘要: 正性评价恐惧是社交焦虑能够有效鉴别于抑郁症的核心特征。正性评价恐惧是指对他人给予的积极评价感到恐惧,并因此而担忧的一种情绪反应。正性评价恐惧不仅会使社交焦虑者表现出否认积极认知、回避关注及情绪消极化等特点,还会通过去正性化思维和解释偏向进一步加剧其认知偏差并抑制其正性情绪,从而维持和加剧个体的社交焦虑症状。未来研究应关注正性评价恐惧在教育和咨询中的应用,以及本土倡导谦虚文化背景下正性评价恐惧特点的研究。