Subjects: Management Science >> Management Theory Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Utilization of Information Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-05-12
Abstract： Purpose/Significance Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem (AIT) was stated and proved by Kenneth Joseph Arrow, one of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1972. The New Economic and Financial Dictionary defines that the statement that a reasonable strategic decision on public goods can only be made by a competent public authority as a corollary of AIT. This corollary relationship has been widely circulated on the Internet and taught in classrooms, and established as a correct conclusion with AIT. However, this corollary relationship is not rigorous, or even wrong, and would lead the study on public choice, public economics, welfare economics, administrative jurisprudence and other disciplines in our country astray. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify misdirection from the theory, steer relevant disciplines toward the right direction. Method/Process Literature examination method were employed to review the origin and development of this corollary relationship, clarify the connotation and extension of related concepts in different disciplines, as well as the evolution logic of the relationship between related concepts. Result/Conclusion Relevant literature shows that this statement was first associated with AIT in the article Administrative Compulsion and the Realization of the Public Interest. Later, it was excerpted as a definition of AIT in the New Economic and Financial Dictionary and became a corollary of AIT. If the statement were a corollary of AIT, then, as long as AIT holds, decisions on public goods can only be imposed or dictated by a public authority. But in this evolution process, the connotations of public goods and public authority have changed in different disciplines, and the relation between them has evolved, taking the statement as a corollary of AIT is not very tight. AIT indeed causes public goods decision-making difficulties, but studies in the field of public choice does not conclude that the dilemma of decision-making on supply of public goods, arising from AIT, should be left to the imposition or dictatorship of the public authorities. On the contrary, they are committed to the institutional design of the voting mechanism in order to ensure that the supply of public goods is decided by population.
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Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2023-12-06 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Acute pancreatitis（AP） is one of the common gastrointestinal emergencies，and the disease progression of moderately severe and severe AP is rapid. Early and accurate identification is crucial for effective intervention and prognosis assessment. there is still a lack of effective and simple predictive indicators. Objective To investigate the early dynamic changes and predictive value of the systemic inflammation response index（SIRI） in patients with AP. Methods A total of 221 AP patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Department of Gastroenterology，Beijing Tiantan Hospital，Capital Medical University，were included as study subjects from August 2020 to March 2023. According to the revised 2012 Atlanta criteria，patients were categorized into mild group（MAP group，mild acute pancreatitis） and non#2;mild group（non-MAP group，including moderate severe and severe acute pancreatitis）. The SIRI values（SIRI 0 h，SIRI 48 h） and C-reactive protein（CRP） levels（CRP 0 h，CRP 48 h） during admission and within 48 hours of admission for the patients were collected by reviewing cases. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was plotted，and the area under the curve （AUC） was calculated to analyze the predictive value of SIRI for non-MAP and compare it with CRP as a common clinical indicator of inflammation. Results A total of 221 AP patients were finally included，102 with MAP and 119 with non-MAP. SIRI 0 h and SIRI 48 h were higher in patients in the non-MAP group than in the MAP group（P<0.001）. The ROC curve showed that the AUC for SIRI 0 h and SIRI 48 h in predicting non-MAP were 0.685（95%CI=0.615-0.756） and 0.753（95%CI=0.689-0.816）， respectively，with no significant difference with CRP［0.607（95%CI=0.533-0.681） and 0.752（95%CI=0.687-0.817）］ during the corresponding time intervals（Z=1.67，P=0.095；Z=0.02，P=0.981）. The optimal cut-off value for SIRI 48h to predict non-MAP was 2.49，with sensitivity，specificity，positive predictive value，and negative predictive value of 81.51%， 58.82%，69.78%，and 73.17%，respectively. Conclusion SIRI is an affordable and readily available test that can be used as an indicator for assessing the severity of early-stage AP.
Subjects: Biology >> Zoology submitted time 2018-12-24 Cooperative journals: 《动物营养学报》
Abstract：本试验旨在研究不同高粱水平低粗蛋白质（CP）饲粮对生长猪生长性能、肉品质和血清氨基酸浓度的影响。试验选取36头体重（30±7） kg的二元杂交（杜洛克×长白）生长猪，随机分为6个组，每组6个重复，每个重复1只猪。各组饲喂高粱和CP水平分别为0和18%（A组）、0和15%（B组）、20%和15%（C组）、50%和15%（D组）、80%和15%（E组）、50%和18%（F组）的试验饲粮。预试期6 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：1)饲粮CP水平降低3%的条件下，A组和B组之间、D组和F组之间平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比没有显著差异（P＞0.05）。在饲粮CP水平为18%的条件下，F组平均日采食量极显著高于A组（P＜0.01），平均日增重显著高于A组（P＜0.05）。在饲粮CP水平为15%的条件下，D和E组平均日采食量极显著高于B组（P＜0.01），E组平均日增重显著高于B组（P＜0.05）。2)各组之间肉品质指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。3)饲粮CP水平降低3%的条件下，A组和B组之间前腔静脉、肠系膜静脉和门静脉血清氨基酸浓度差异不显著(P＞0.05)；在饲粮CP水平为15%的条件下，与B组相比，C、D、E组前腔静脉、肠系膜静脉和门静脉血清中必需氨基酸组氨酸浓度均降低，而前腔静脉中非必需氨基酸脯氨酸、丝氨酸、丙氨酸浓度升高，肠系膜静脉和门静脉血清中非必需氨基酸脯氨酸、丙氨酸浓度升高。由此可见，在饲粮CP水平为15%的条件下，20%~80%高粱水平都可以替代玉米成为生长猪能量饲料原料。
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