Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a personality disorder with pervasive disregard for and violation of the rights of others accompanied with high crime propensity. The formation of ASPD is affected by genetic and environmental factors, manifested in abnormalities in neurotransmitter and hormonal system, autonomic nervous system and brain structure and function. To a certain degree, these neurobiological characteristics may cause ASPD to exhibit poor inhibitory control, emotional dysfunction, disregard of punishment and reward dominance. Neurobiological evidence provides judicial implications, such as treatment, risk assessment, conviction and sentencing of ASPD offenders. More research is needed on the diagnostic classification criteria, evidence based practice and influencing factors of ASPD from the perspective of neurobiology.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Aggression is the act of intentionally causing direct harm to others, and can be divided into reactive aggression and proactive aggression. The occurrence of aggression has neurobiological basis. As a key brain area of emotion processing and learning, the amygdala is closely associated with aggression. The fight-flight mechanism model, the violence inhibition mechanism model and the fear dysfunction hypothesis emphasize the importance of the amygdala for aggression. Groups exhibiting aggressive or violent behaviors have structural deficits and dysfunctions in the amygdala, in which dysfunction manifests itself with two opposite abnormalities. In high-risk groups with reactive aggression, the amygdala has an enhanced response to threatening stimuli ('hot' response); whereas groups with proactive aggression, such as psychopathic individuals with callous-unemotional traits, exhibit diminished amygdala responses to threatening stimuli and others’ distress cues, as well as in sufficient activation of the amygdala during fear conditioning learning and moral decision-making ('cold' response). These dysfunctions impair the individuals’ normal levels of threat response, empathy, punishment avoidance and moral decision-making. Future research needs to focus on both population research and process research, pay more attention to the functions of the substructures of the amygdala, explore the neural network foundations of aggression, and explore effective means of violence prevention and intervention.
submitted time 2023-03-20 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Aggression is the act of intentionally causing direct harm to others, and can be divided into reactive aggression and proactive aggression. The occurrence of aggression has neurobiological basis. As a key brain area of emotion processing and learning, the amygdala is closely associated with aggression. The fight-flight mechanism model, the violence inhibition mechanism model and the fear dysfunction hypothesis emphasize the importance of the amygdala for aggression. Groups exhibiting aggressive or violent behaviors have structural deficits and dysfunctions in the amygdala, in which dysfunction manifests itself with two opposite abnormalities. In high-risk groups with reactive aggression, the amygdala has an enhanced response to threatening stimuli ('hot' response); whereas groups with proactive aggression, such as psychopathic individuals with callous-unemotional traits, exhibit diminished amygdala responses to threatening stimuli and others’ distress cues, as well as in sufficient activation of the amygdala during fear conditioning learning and moral decision-making ('cold' response). These dysfunctions impair the individuals’ normal levels of threat response, empathy, punishment avoidance and moral decision-making. Future research needs to focus on both population research and process research, pay more attention to the functions of the substructures of the amygdala, explore the neural network foundations of aggression, and explore effective means of violence prevention and intervention.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences, Resource Sciences >> Basic Disciplines of Environmental Science and Technology submitted time 2021-03-02 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：地表温度是区域气候、农业生产及土壤养分的重要影响因素，分析地表温度的变化规律对深入了解气候变化的原因及农业生产的布局具有重要意义。基于青海省35个气象基站1980—2017年逐日地表温度、气温和风速数据，采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、小波分析等数理统计方法对青海省地表温度的时空变化特征及其与气温、风速、海拔等因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明：（1）青海省年均地表温度呈波动上升的趋势，增温速率达0.68 ℃·(10a)-1（P＜0.01），2001年发生突变；地表温度变化存在明显的季节差异，冬季地温变化速率最明显，为0.77 ℃·(10a)-1（P＜0.01），其他季节差异不大；青海省年均地表温度具有4~7 a和11~16 a两种周期变化；（2）全年地表平均温度分别在青南高原和祁连山区形成2个低温区，在柴达木盆地和东部农业区形成2个高温区，且低温区的增温速率较大；（3）全年及各季地表平均温度与平均气温呈显著正相关，与风速、海拔呈显著负相关关系；（4）地表平均温度呈现出明显的垂直递减规律且海拔高的地区变暖趋势更加明显。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2020-12-17 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区研究》
Abstract：水体氢氧稳定同位素是表征水体运移和水分转化的重要指示剂，可为地区水文循环过程的研究提供判断依据。基于稳定同位素技术，分析祁连山南坡不同水体的氢氧同位素组成特征，探讨其影响因素。结果表明：（1）祁连山南坡不同水体的氢氧稳定同位素特征存在差异，降水的稳定同位素值波动范围大于河水、地下水及冰川融水；（2）河水与地下水稳定同位素关系点接近，两者水力联系较强；（3）研究区冰川融水蒸发线方程为y=6.331x+1.756（n=8，R2=0.98），河水蒸发线方程为y=4.467x-11.716（n=75，R2=0.80），地下水蒸发线方程为y=4.889x-7.481（n=19，R2=0.76），各水体氢氧稳定同位素值之间均具有较好的线性关系，河水与地下水补给源关系较复杂；（4）冰川融水、河水与地下水氢氧稳定同位素的环境效应均不显著，而降水则具有较明显的高程效应、纬度效应和大陆效应。
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