Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：近年来，随着现代网络和信息技术的发展，翻转课堂作为一种新的教学模式，被越来越广泛地应用于各层级、各学科的教学。文章从翻转课堂的趋势入手，以国际知名教育出版商Cengage开发的MindTap在线学习平台为例，探讨与教材相配套的在线学习平台的功能设计要求和内容资源研发重点，以期为国内出版社的相关实践提供一些参考和借鉴。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： The traditional distinction between exogenous and endogenous attentional control has recently been enriched with an additional mode of control, termed as reward history. Recent findings have indicated that previously rewarded stimuli capture more attention than their physical attributes would predict. However, an important question is whether reward-based learning (or value-driven) attentional control is fully automatic or driven by strategic, top-down control? Most researchers have suggested value-driven attentional control is fully automatic, not driven by strategic, top-down control. Although previous studies have examined the phenomenon of value-driven attention capture, few studies have distinguished early attentional orienting and later attentional disengagement in the value-driven attentional control process. Therefore, the present study employed a modified spatial cueing paradigm to disentangle attentional orienting and disengagement and manipulated the goal- relevance of reward distractors to investigate the characteristics of value-driven attentional control. In Experiment 1, rewarded distractors were goal-relevant, and we would expect the prioritized orienting to and the delayed disengagement from rewarded distractors (compared with no-reward distractors) to be evident when both were goal-relevant (i.e., part of the target-set); In Experiment 2, rewarded distractors were not goal-relevant, and we would expect prioritized orienting to and delayed disengagement from rewarded distractors (compared with no-reward distractors) not to be evident when both were not goal-relevant. Forty-eight participants (Experiment 1: 24; Experiment 2: 24) with normal or corrected-to-normal vision were tested. During the training phase, the four positions in the search display were all circles of different colors (such as red, green, blue, cyan, orange, and yellow). Targets were defined as a red or a green circle, exactly one of which was presented on every trial. Inside the target, a white line segment was oriented either vertically or horizontally, and inside each of the nontargets, a white line segment was tilted at 45� to the left or to the right. The feedback display informed participants of the reward earned (+10, +0) on the previous trial, as well as total reward accumulated thus far according to their responses. During the test phase, each trial started with the presentation of the fixation display (900 ms), which was followed immediately by the cue display (100 ms). After the cue display, the fixation display was presented again (100 ms), followed by the target display (100 ms). The target display was followed by a gray screen (until response). The feedback display at test informed participants only whether their response on the previous trial was correct. That is, no reward was provided during the test phase. Results showed that: (1) Across Experiments 1 and 2, we observed the significant main effects of reward. (2) In the test phase in Experiment 1, rewarded distractors were goal-relevant and we observed prioritized orienting to and delayed disengagement from rewarded distractors (compared with no-reward distractors) be evident; in Experiment 2, rewarded distractors were not goal-relevant, and we observed prioritized orienting to and delayed disengagement from rewarded distractors (compared with no-reward distractors) not be evident. The present findings demonstrate that: (1) In the training phase, participants have learned the effect of reward. (2) In the test phase, orienting to and disengagement from rewarded stimuli are modulated by current top-down goals. These findings provide a new perspective on the domain of attention to rewarded stimuli by indicating that even the early orienting of attention to rewarded stimuli is contingent on current top-down goals, suggesting early orienting to rewarded stimuli to be more complex and cognitively involved than previously hypothesized.
Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2019-05-13 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 基于Swift/BAT所观测的活动星系核(AGN)在硬X射线波段光变曲线数据，通过离散傅利叶变换法,分析了塞弗特1（Seyfert 1）、塞弗特2（Seyfert 2）、平谱射电类星体（FSRQ）、 BL Lac天体功率谱的幂律指数（α）的分布特征。发现Seyfert 2与 I型 AGN 的α 分布有显著差异,而I型AGN 各子类之间的α 分布差异性不显著。Seyfert 2 的硬X射线可能来源于吸积盘内区及热冕，而Seyfert 1 的硬X射线主要来自有外流的冕。我们发现来自相对论性喷流或者外流冕的硬X射线在统计上有更大的幂律指数，而来自吸积盘热冕的硬X射线幂律指数较小。
Subjects: Astronomy submitted time 2018-09-13 Cooperative journals: 《天文研究与技术》
Abstract： 本文利用UMRAO数据库的22个耀变体源的偏振数据，根据Lazarian ＆ Pogosyan的理论模型进行分析研究了耀变体射电波段的偏振随波长的变化，得出不同类的耀变体偏振随波长的变化的原因。其结果表明，与Lazarian ＆ Pogosyan的理论模型吻合较好。由此我们得出如下结论：（1）反常去偏振耀变体源中反常法拉第旋光起主导作用，反常去偏振相对较少；（2）热辐射与同步辐射混合作用，高频波段的偏振度就小于低频波段的偏振度（反常去偏振）；（3）当被观测波段波长小于吸积盘热辐射所对应的维恩波长时，高频波段的偏振度就大于低频波段的偏振度（常规去偏振）。
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-05-02 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： The goals of improving system efficiency and customer satisfaction can be achieved effectively through a rational scheduling for bottleneck machine in motor vehicle maintenance workshop. On the one hand, the promotion of system efficiency can be achieved by optimizing the make-span() ; on the other hand, customer satisfaction is affected by subjective factor, it’s necessary to do customer satisfaction into consideration while establishing an objective function of the scheduling problem. Combined with Behavioral Science Theory, the paper mixed people’s bounded rationality into service resources scheduling problem related to the customer. Firstly, take customer expected waiting time as a reference point by virtue of value function in the prospect theory, then establish customer dissatisfaction function towards waiting time. On the base of it, establish a multi-objective mathematical model combined with the objective of resource efficiency, assignment of tasks and resource constraints. Secondly, design genetic algorithm which is corresponding to the scheduling problem and then solve it. Ultimately, verify the feasibility and validity of model and algorithm by simulating example.
Subjects: Biology >> Ecology submitted time 2017-11-29 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract： Tidal flat is an important reserve of cultivated land resource in China. There is high spatial heterogeneity, properties and environment changes of soil in the transformation from wetland to agricultural soil. In order to evaluate the effect of soil quality under different reclamation durations and multiple land use in a typical coastal area in Cixi County, Zhejiang Province, 276 soil/sediment samples from farmland, vegetable land, orchard, forestland, aquafarm, wasteland and tidal flat reclaimed for 0 to 50 years were collected and analyzed. Considering the spatial heterogeneity, principal component analysis was used in combination with Norm Value, then Minimum Data Set (MDS) with seven indexes was put forward. This included organic matter (OM), calcium oxide (CaO), sulfur (S), bromine (Br), boron (B), plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) under six reclamation duration and seven utility patterns. About 29.2% of the index accounted for 80.3% of the information. The Topsis method, which combined Maximum Difference Normalization method and Variable Coefficient Fixing Weight method, was used to assess the soil quality. Comparison with the Traditional Membership Function method, the used method a much more effective one. Besides, the distance to optimal vector directly explained the obstruction factor, which showed the primary obstacle was applicable in supervising soil environment and improving soil quality by the local government. The results suggested that the range of soil quality comprehensive indexes for the 276 soil/sediment samples was 44.6–74.1. The trend in the indexes increased sharply in first 20 years and then stabilized in the other 20–30 years, before it again increased for 30–50 years of reclamation. In general, the overall soil quality in the study area was moderate to infertile. The class I soil quality was only 7.1% of the samples. More than half of the soil samples belonged to classes IV or V. Based on land use types, soil quality was ranked in the following order: vegetable field > orchard > farmland > forest > aquafarm > tidal flat > wasteland. Paddy field was better than dry land for the same reclamation period, which indicated that basic paddy farmland was much more environmental friendly in Cixi reclamation district. Irrigation-induced decalcification and desalination effectively improved the quality of reclaimed soil. Meanwhile, low OM and high CaO and Cd primarily limited soil quality. Next were salt content as Br, S and B, followed by heavy metal as Pb. Soil content of Cd increased quickly to critical point of pollution, which was easily enriched in paddy and caused diseases. Reasonable use of chemical fertilizers was a key to further promotion of soil quality in reclaimed tidal areas.
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