Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-11-27
Abstract： The eye effect refers to the significant changes in people’s behavior when presented with direct eye cues. Previous research has found that eye cues have several positive effects, such as increasing people’s prosocial behavior, reducing antisocial behavior, and increasing self-awareness. However, these effects are often unstable. Factors that lead to the instability of the eye effect include physiological characteristics of the eyes, emotional type, presentation time, direction of gaze, form of task interaction, number of people around, noise in the vicinity, individual self-awareness, group identity, and behavioral costs. The principles behind it can be summarized as reputation mechanism and rule mechanism. Explaining the reasons for the instability of the eye effect based on the influencing factors and psychological mechanisms perspectives can provide theoretical insights into its ability to produce stable benefits. Future research could further refine the types of eye cues to expand the scope of the study, incorporate cognitive neuroscience techniques to explore the neural mechanisms involved, conduct longitudinal comparisons at different developmental stages of individuals, and conduct field studies to improve the ecological validity of the research in this area.The eye effect refers to the significant changes in people’s behavior when presented with direct eye cues. Previous research has found that eye cues have several positive effects, such as increasing people’s prosocial behavior, reducing antisocial behavior, and increasing self-awareness. However, these effects are often unstable. Factors that lead to the instability of the eye effect include physiological characteristics of the eyes, emotional type, presentation time, direction of gaze, form of task interaction, number of people around, noise in the vicinity, individual self-awareness, group identity, and behavioral costs. The principles behind it can be summarized as reputation mechanism and rule mechanism. Explaining the reasons for the instability of the eye effect based on the influencing factors and psychological mechanisms perspectives can provide theoretical insights into its ability to produce stable benefits. Future research could further refine the types of eye cues to expand the scope of the study, incorporate cognitive neuroscience techniques to explore the neural mechanisms involved, conduct longitudinal comparisons at different developmental stages of individuals, and conduct field studies to improve the ecological validity of the research in this area.
Subjects: Digital Publishing >> New Media submitted time 2023-10-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国传媒科技》
Abstract：随着当前社会经济形势的不断发展,信息技术进入了突飞猛进的发展阶段,新媒体是一种基于现代化信息技术而建立起来的现代技术。信息技术本身包含了多个方面的内容,因此新媒体在发展的过程当中也会受到多种因素的限制,具有着复杂化与多样化的特征。随着新媒体的快速发展,传统媒体的转型已经成为必然。如何在传统媒体的转型阶段促进传统媒体与新媒体之间的融合也是当前社会各界研究的一个重点话题。下文将探讨大数据背景下传统媒体与新媒体融合发展的主要对策,与现代信息技术相结合探讨传统媒体和新媒体融合的未来主要发展趋势。
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-24
Abstract： Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics are the basic ethical principles of artificial intelligent robots. The ethic of robots is a significant factor that influences people’s trust in human-robot interaction. Yet how it affects people's trust, is poorly understood. In this article, we present a new hypothesis for interpreting the effect of robots’ ethics on human-robot trust—what we call the human-robot projection hypothesis (HRP hypothesis). In this hypothesis, people are based on their intelligence, e.g., intelligence for cognition, emotion, and action, to understand robots’ intelligence and interact with them. We propose that compared with robots that violate ethical principles, people project more mind energy (i.e., the level of mental capacity of humans) onto robots that abide by ethical principles, thus promoting human-robot trust. In this study, we conducted three experiments to explore how presenting scenarios where a robot abided by or violated Asimov’s principles would affect people’s trust in the robot. Meanwhile, each experiment corresponds to one of Asimov’s principles to explore the interaction effect of the types of robot’s decisions. Specifically, all three experiments were two by two experimental designs. The first within-subjects factor was whether the robot being interacted with had abided by Asimov’s principle with a “no harm” core element. The second within-subjects factor was the types of robot’s decision, with corresponding differences in Asimov’s principles among different experiments (Experiment 1: whether the robot takes action or not; Experiment 2: whether the robot obeys human’s order or not; Experiment 3: whether the robot protects itself or not). We assessed the human-robot trust by using the trust game paradigm. Experiments 1-3 consistently showed that people were more willing to trust robots that abided by ethical principles compared with those who violated. We also found that human-robot projection played a mediating role, which supports the HRP hypothesis. In addition, the significant interaction effects between the type of robot’s decision and robot abided by or violated Asimov’s principle existed in all three experiments. The results of Experiment 1 showed that action robots got more trust than inaction robots when abided by the first principle, whereas inaction robots got more trust than action robots when they violated the first principle. The results of Experiment 2 showed that disobeyed robots got less trust than obeyed robots. The detrimental effect was greater in scenarios where robots violated the second principle than in those who abided. The results of Experiment 3 showed that compared with robots that violated the third principle, the trust-promoting effect of protecting itself versus destroying itself was stronger among those who abided. The above results indicated that the reverse effects of decision types existed in both Experiments 1 and 3. Finally, the cross-experimental analysis showed that: (1) When robots abided by ethical principles, their inaction and disobedience still compromise human-robot trust. When robots violated ethical principles, their obedience incurs the least loss of human-robot trust, while their action and disobedience incur a relatively severe loss of human-robot trust. (2) When the ethical requirements of different robotic laws conflict, there was no significant difference between the importance of not harming humans and obeying human orders in terms of the human-robot trust, and both were more important than protecting robots themselves. This study helps to understand the impact of robotic ethical decision-making on human-robot trust and the important role of human-robot projection, which might have important implications for future research in human-robot interaction.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2022-04-07 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Foggy weather is an important factor affecting highway traffic safety. Research on the automatic recognition method of highway fog visibility from surveillance images can provide technical support for the intelligent management and decision-making of the traffic management department. This paper analyzes multiple physical factors related to fog density based on the atmospheric scattering model and proposes a multi-channel fusion network that integrates these physical factors. Specifically, the method jointly exploits three streams to learn deep visual feature, transmission matrix feature and scene depth feature, and designs an attention fusion module to adaptively fuse these three streams for the final visibility level recognition, which is very beneficial for improving the recognition accuracy. Meanwhile, this paper constructs a synthetic dataset and a real-scene dataset for network parameters learning and performance evaluation. The images in the real-scene dataset are collected from surveillance videos of multiple highways in China. Experiments on these two datasets show that this method can identify visibility level more accurately than existing methods.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-01-02
Abstract： Previous social neuroscience studies focused mainly on the neural networks that sustain an understanding of a single individual’s neutral or negative intentions. However, few studies have explored those of different types of social interactive intentions performed by two or a number of individuals and their whole body movements. In addition, the spatio-temporal dynamics of understanding the kind and hostile intentions in the human brain also remain unclear. In order to address the above issue, the electroencephalograph (EEG) technique was employed to explore the dissociative neural correlates of understanding kind versus hostile intention. Twenty healthy participants were recruited for the experiment. Their behavioral data (accuracy and reaction time) and electrical brain activities were recorded while they were watching colorful photos depicting two actors’ actions and performing an intention inference task (IIT). There were three different types of action intentions: kindness, hostility and non-interactiveness (neutrality). The ERP data was analyzed using the Scan and sLoreta software in an off-line way. The Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures of mean accuracy showed no significant difference among three conditions, while a main effect of condition existed for reaction time. The reaction times of hostile intention were shorter than those of the kind and neutral intentions, while no significant difference was found between the latter two conditions. The ERP data were analyzed using a three-way repeated measure ANOVA. The ANOVA factors were intention condition (kindness, hostility and neutrality), laterality (left, midline and right areas) and caudality (frontal, central and parietal areas). Electrophysiological results showed, over the frontal area, a significantly more negative amplitude of N250 (170~270 ms) for neutral intention compared to kind and hostile intentions, and the N250 amplitudes for kind intention were also more negative than those for hostile intention, especially on the FZ electrode site. The source localization showed maximum activation in Broadman 10(BA10), in the vicinity of middle frontal gyrus, for N250 for kind and hostile intentions. At the later stage (270~450 ms), the peak amplitudes of the P300 for hostile intention were more positive than those for the kind and neutral intentions, and the P300 amplitudes for kind intention were also more positive than those for neutral intention over the central, parietal areas as well as the right hemisphere. The maximum activation for P300 of kind and hostile intentions was found in BA45, located in the vicinity of insula, and a stronger activity existed for hostile intention compared to kind intention. These findings show that there is a spatio-temporal dynamic dissociation between kind and hostile intentions understanding in the brain. Altogether, the current study provides electrophysiological evidence underlying the kind, hostile interactive intentions and non-interactive (neutral) intention understanding, and suggests a prioritized and sustained processing for hostile interactive intention. The study enriches the contents of the two-stage intention-understanding model and the putative Hierarchical & Multi-level Cognitive Framework (HMCF) in Theory of Mind." "
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Network submitted time 2017-03-10
Abstract：本文提出了一套面向行业应用的宽带无线通信系统解决方案，对该方案的网络架构、各功能部件 及采用的关键技术进行详细阐述，并对该网络系统的典型应用场景和目前针对该方案已取得的研发成果和 下一步研发部署进行介绍。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-09 Cooperative journals: 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》
Abstract：通过现场试验(1、2、2.5 年)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的测试，并结合腐蚀形貌宏观观察、SEM、XRD及失重法对纯铜在北京土壤环境中的腐蚀行为及机理进行了研究。研究表明：现场埋样 1、2、2.5 年的纯铜的腐蚀特征均为非均匀的全面腐蚀，腐蚀程度较轻微。随埋样时间的延长，纯铜的腐蚀速率近乎以呈线性关系减小，岛屿状腐蚀产物中的空隙等缺陷减少，其致密性有所改善。腐蚀产物均主要由 Cu2(CO3)(OH)2、CuO·3H2O、CuCl 组成
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2016-11-07 Cooperative journals: 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》
Abstract：通过现场试验(1、2、2.5年)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)的测试，并结合腐蚀形貌宏观观察、SEM、XRD及失重法对Q235钢在北京土壤环境中的腐蚀行为及机理进行了研究。研究表明：现场埋样1、2、2.5年的Q235钢的腐蚀特征均表现为全面腐蚀，且局部点蚀程度严重。随埋样时间的延长，Q235钢的腐蚀速率先增加后略有减小， 其平均点蚀深度和最大点蚀深度均增加。腐蚀产物均主要由α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH及γ-Fe2O3组成。随埋样时间的延长，α-FeOOH相对含量有所增加，腐蚀产物层的致密性及连续性有所改善，但腐蚀产物层不具有良好的保护性。
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