Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： In recent years, with the surge in human-computer interaction research, children as a distinct user group have gained significant attention from researchers, leading to numerous studies on Child-Robots Interaction (CRI). Research in this domain can be summarized into three main processes: children's understanding of robots, their interaction with robots, and the impact of such interactions on children's development.Firstly, children's understanding of robots can be categorized into observation, exploration, and comprehension phases. During the observation phase, the visual characteristics of robots make a profound impression on children, with anthropomorphic robots being particularly appealing to them. Concurrently, the social cues exhibited by robots stimulate children's interest and positive sentiments. In the exploration phase, children start to understand the functionalities of robots through basic interactions and delve further into their applications with guidance from adults. By the comprehension phase, while younger children might perceive robots as living entities, as they age and their cognition develops, they gradually discern the differences between robots and living organisms.Secondly, during the interaction phase, children's nascent understanding of robots inclines them to engage more deeply, viewing robots as companions. Owing to children's more open-minded stance towards robots, their interactions are characterized by affection, protection, seeking guidance, emotional exchange, and even attachment. However, on the flip side, given that children's cognitive and judgmental abilities are not fully developed, they might treat excessively compliant robots in a negative manner.Lastly, interactions with robots have had a positive influence on children's development. Robots offer an engaging, interactive, relaxed, and feedback-rich learning environment, facilitating the growth of children's cognition and metacognition. Moreover, as educational tools, robots present novel opportunities for children's learning, aiding them in gaining a deeper understanding of subjects. However, while interactions with robots may bolster children's social skills to some extent, robots cannot entirely replace genuine human companions. Robots that can't offer candid feedback might adversely impact children's social perceptions.Regarding the CRI domain, several research challenges and questions remain. In terms of study design, future research should emphasize the differences in children's ages, adopting longitudinal tracking and cross-cultural comparisons. Methodologically, traditional evaluation methods, like questionnaires, may not wholly capture children's genuine perspectives, necessitating the development of more appropriate assessment tools. In terms of content, future studies should delve deeper into children's interactions with robots across various settings, particularly focusing on interactions in private environments, and further explore the underlying reasons and associated ethical issues.
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2023-08-21
Abstract： With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, interactions between children and robots have become increasingly frequent. The research outcomes in this domain can be summarized into three processes: children’s understanding of robots, their interactions, and the effects of these interactions on child development. In terms of understanding, children are more readily attracted to anthropomorphic appearances of robots, tend to explore robots based on interest, and often perceive robots as living or quasi-living entities. During interactions, children are more inclined to accept robots as intimate companions, seeking emotional comfort and a sense of protection, but may also bully them. Interacting with robots enhances children's cognitive and metacognitive abilities, learning interest, social willingness, and empathetic skills. However, due to robots’ inability to provide appropriate reproach and feedback, there is potential for negative implications on a child's social development. Future research should expand on design, methodologies, and depth, attempt longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, refine evaluation techniques, delve deeper into the reasons and contexts for child-robot interactions, and be mindful of associated ethical issues.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Many enterprises have adopted AI services to respond to customer needs, yet several studies indicate that users are not always satisfied with AI in service. This study explores the key factors that drive users' attitudes toward AI services and usage promotion strategies based on the generation and influence of users' mind perceptions of AI, which including (1) Mechanism analysis: How do the cues and experiential factors of users' early contact with AI lead to the perception that AI is “good at computing but not feeling”? This study argues that past frustrations with AI in emotional-social service scenarios and mass media portrayals of AI as “highly intelligent and low in emotional intelligence” have led users to develop the perception that AI is good at computation but lacks feelings. This makes users willing to use AI for functional purposes only in cognitive-analytical tasks, but not like to establish empathic connections with AI in emotional-social tasks. (2) Moderating effects: How do different internal user states and external AI features moderate the formation and activation of this mind perception toward AI? This study believes that higher frequency of AI use and technology use self-efficacy make individuals more likely to establish para-friendship relationships with AI, those two factors that inhibit the formation of mind perceptions that users believe AI is good at computing but lacks feeling. On the other hand, the degree of anthropomorphism and the degree of flexibility in the task influenced individuals' cognitive cues to AI, those two factors that inhibit the activation of the user's mind perception toward AI. (3) Facilitation strategies: With the reverse utilization of mind perception, how can the mimicry of AI as warmth animals and the provision of technical assistance enable users to accept services from AI in a wider range of scenarios? This study proposes that by designing an information framework that demonstrates the computational power of AI and at the same time, mimics AI as an animal with “high warmth” quality, it can reconcile the paradox of “AI is good at computation but lacks feeling” and promote the user's perception of AI's empathic ability. This will increase users' willingness to use AI in emotional-social tasks. On the other hand, providing users with tips and technical assistance when interacting with AI can help build a joint interaction model between AI and humans, reduce users' concerns about AI's lack of empathic capacity, and increase people's willingness to use AI in emotional-social tasks. This study attempts to construct a new model of AI service acceptance based on the theory of mind perception at the theoretical level and provide a psychological reference for theoretically explaining users' ambivalent attitudes toward AI services. At the practical level, this study attempts to propose two pathways to facilitate users' acceptance of AI services with the help of mind perception theory and provide a technical reference for enterprises to enhance the effectiveness of AI applications in their service processes.
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