Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-07-05
Abstract： Individuals with high autistic traits exhibit characteristics like those with autism, including impairments in sociability and communication skills. The question of whether high autistic traits individuals exhibit less cooperation remains debated. This study employed the Prisone’s Dilemma game (PDG) to objectively measure the cooperation of individuals with high autistic traits using the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyper-scanning technique. Cognitive and emotional empathy were also measured through laboratory experiments. A total of 112 participants were screened using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient and divided into two paired groups: low-low autistic traits pairs (n = 29) and high-low autistic traits pairs (n = 27). This study revealed several key findings. First, individuals with high autistic traits had a lower unilateral cooperation rate compared to those with low autistic traits. Second, the high-low autistic traits pair group exhibited a lower mutual cooperation rate and reduced inter-brain synchronization (IBS) in the right inferior parietal lobule (r-IPL) and the right temporoparietal junction (r-TPJ) compared to the low-low autistic traits pair group. Third, individuals with high autistic traits had significantly lower cognitive empathy scores than those with low autistic traits. These cognitive empathy scores showed a marginally significant positive correlation with the unilateral cooperation rate and a marginally significant negative correlation with the activation of the right inferior frontal gyrus (r-IFG). While emotional empathy scores did not differ significantly, in individuals with high autistic traits, there was a significant positive correlation between emotional empathy scores and activation of the r-IFG. This study reveals abnormalities in the cooperation of individuals with high autistic traits. It also emphasizes the significant link between empathy and cooperation. This finding suggests that individuals with high autism traits can be regarded as a “simulated population” of autism. This approach allows for further validation and development of autism models by controlling for comorbidities, utilizing larger samples, and employing more complex task situations.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2022-04-07
Abstract：
Early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention are the consensus of education and rehabilitation of autistic children. However, limitations of traditional identification and diagnosis methods and lack of professionals often lead to autistic children missing the best expectations. In order to improve this situation, in recent years, machine learning, with its advantages of objectivity, accuracy, simplicity and flexibility, has been gradually applied to the early prediction, screening, diagnosis and evaluation of autism, and accumulated rich achievements. However, machine learning has limitations in the selection of research objects, the collection of classified data, the application of theoretical models and so on. In the future, the research will promote the construction of the tracking database of maternal and newborn pathophysiological information and establish a standardized model classification index system. At the same time, it will continue to optimize the algorithm research and accelerate the transformation of the theoretical achievements of intelligent autism identification and diagnosis into practice.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2019-05-07
Abstract： In the present study, readers’ eye movements were recorded to investigate the influence of word highlighting information on the preview processing of between-words and within-words. Most studies on preview effects have found that the size of the preview effects is 30~50ms (Rayner, 2009). Hyönä et al. (2004) examined parafoveal processing of the end lexeme of a long Finnish compound while the beginning lexeme of the compound was fixated. And the results found 80ms preview effect which was more pronounced than previous literatures. The larger preview benefit may have been due to the fact that the preview word is part of one larger linguistic unit (within-words); however, in previous experiments, the preview word and the current fixated word belong to different words (between-words). Consequently, researchers speculated that within-words might induce larger preview effect than that of between-words. Some researchers used compound words (within-words) and phrases (between-words) to further explore this issue and they found that there were no differences between within-words and between-words in preview effects(Juhasz et al., 2009). The results cannot exclude the possible explanation that larger preview effect for within-words is caused by the higher syntactic expectations of nouns comes from adjectives in phrases inducing larger preview effect and then counterbalances the possible differences between the two kinds of words. The present study adopted the boundary paradigm (Rayner, 1975) to probe the preview processing differences between within-words and between-words. In the present study, the first character of a two-character compounds (between-words) and the second character of a two-character compounds (within-words) was manipulated to be presented normally or replaced by a pseudo-character for previews. Moreover, word highlighting sentence and non-word highlighting sentence were introduced to examine whether the word boundary information could exert different influences on the preview processing of between-words and within-words. Marking word boundary by word highlighting has its unique advantages. Most of all, compared with word spaces, word highlighting can not only keep the same sentence length meanwhile providing the word boundary information but also control the same word lateral masking on different conditions. Firstly, the results indicated that the preview effect for between-word was smaller than that of within-word. The results were consistent with the results of Hyönä et al. (2004), which showed that the morphological information of target word could impact on preview processing. Secondly, we found that there were no differences among normal condition, highlighting condition and non-word highlighting condition. Even so, we did not found the significant influences of word boundary demarcation for preview processing, the possible benefit effect of word boundary still could not be ruled out thoroughly. As Bai et al. (2008) pointed out that readers are familiar with the text without any word boundary signals in normal reading; consequently, the null effect between normal and word boundary text may show a priming effect on word boundary condition, which is the one readers are not familiar with. Thirdly, the results showed that word boundary information had similar effects on within-words and between-words. Results of the present study indicated that word morphological information could affect its preview processing; however, word boundary information do not necessarily facilitate preview processing for both between-words and within-words. The possible explanation may be that word segmentation and word recognition occur simultaneously. These results are consistent with the model of word segmentation and word recognition (Li et al., 2009). "
Hits
Hits
Downloads
Comment