Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2024-05-18 Cooperative journals: 《中国科学院院刊》
Abstract： The low carbon transition pathway is a series of goals, technologies, fundings, policies, and other integrated driven system action roadmap. With the deepening of society’s understanding of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, China’s dual-carbon faces the challenge of systemic advancement of comprehensive deepening implementation. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China once again emphasized that achieving the dual-carbon goal will bring about extensive and profound economic and social systemic changes, and pointed out that based on China’s energy endowment, we should adhere to first establishment and then phaseout and implement the carbon peaking actions in a planned and step-by-step manner. China’s low-carbon transition has made a series of new progress, and the planning for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality “1+N” policy framework, which aims to implement the tasks of the dual-carbon target in a comprehensive manner, has been basically completed. At the same time, it is necessary to recognize the long-term and arduous nature of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, for which the pathway and policies need to be constantly and dynamically adjusted according to the domestic and international situation. The study summarizes the new achievements of lowcarbon transition under the guidance of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality target and the “1+N” policy framework, and analyzes the transition needs and challenges faced. Finally, it puts forward several suggestions for systematically promoting the deepening implementation of the dual-carbon strategy in terms of economic system, energy system, territorial spatial pattern, building and transportation system, consumption pattern, technological innovation, financial system, trade and supply chain, governance system, and international cooperation.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2023-11-20
Abstract： Serial dependence refers to the phenomenon where current perception is influenced not only by the current stimulus input but also by preceding events in recent history. This effect plays a crucial role in the establishment of relatively stable perceptions in dynamically changing environments. Previous studies have shown that the degree and direction of serial dependence are related to the task relevance of stimulus features. It is still unclear, though, if task relevance in linearly distributed features affects this impact, given that the majority of these researches have mostly focused on experiments using circularly distributed features. The current study investigated the impact of task relevance of linearly distributed features on serial dependence by using estimation tasks with dot arrays as stimulus materials, which were transformed orthogonally in two dimensions: number/area (Experiment 1) or number/size (Experiment 2).
The study employed a 7 (number of dots) × 7 (dot array area in Exp 1/average dot size in Exp 2) × 2 (task relevance: relevant vs. irrelevant feature) block design. All subjects were exposed to all experimental conditions. In the area estimation task, subjects were asked to pay attention to the area of the dot array, where the area is a task-relevant feature and the number of dots is a task-irrelevant feature. The order of the two tasks was balanced between subjects. The dependent variable of the experiment was the subject's estimate of the task-relevant feature. The visual stimuli were presented by a monitor with a 59 Hz refresh frequency. Following the fixation screen, which lasted for 1350–1450 ms, the stimulus image appeared in the center of the screen for 250 ms, one dot array at a time. Then the task instruction was presented at the top of the screen, and a number axis was presented below the instruction, with "5" and "40" scales at each end of the axis. After the subject clicked the mouse on the number axis, a white scale appeared at the clicked position, and the corresponding value was displayed below the scale. The subject had a 15-second response time, and if the subject did not press the Enter key within 15 seconds, the program automatically advanced to the next trial, recording the subject's response as "N/A".
We found that the influence of a feature from the previous trial on current perception was consistently opposite to that of the same feature in the current trial, regardless of the feature's task relevance. Serial dependence effects from task-relevant features of the previous trial were always repulsive. For task-irrelevant features, however, whether the serial dependence induced by the feature in the previous trial was an attraction or a repulsion effect depended on the feature itself. The effect of task relevance on serial dependence was mainly reflected in the reduction of the effect magnitude.
These findings suggest that both task relevance and feature characteristics have an impact on the serial dependence of linearly distributed features, and the persistence of the serial dependence in irrelevant features implies that serial dependence can also arise at the object level.
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